skeletal system the basics skeletal system the basics –provides support and shape to the body
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Skeletal System
Skeletal System
• The Basics
Skeletal System
• The Basics– provides support
and shape to the body
Skeletal System
• The Basics– provides support
and shape to the body
– protects delicate internal organs
Skeletal System
• The Basics– provides support
and shape to the body
– protects delicate internal organs
– acts as a system of levers on which muscles act to produce movement
Skeletal System
• The Basics– provides support
and shape to the body
– protects delicate internal organs
– acts as a system of levers on which muscles act to produce movement
– stores minerals
Skeletal System
• The Basics– provides support and
shape to the body– protects delicate
internal organs– acts as a system of
levers on which muscles act to produce movement
– stores minerals– site of blood cell
formation
Skeletal System
• The Basics– provides support and
shape to the body– protects delicate
internal organs– acts as a system of
levers on which muscles act to produce movement
– stores minerals– site of blood cell
formation
The Structure of Bone
The Structure of Bone
• Periosteum - a tough membrane that covers the bone
The Structure of Bone
• Periosteum - a tough membrane that covers the bone
• Compact bone - dense bone tissue similar to ivory
The Structure of Bone
• Periosteum - a tough membrane that covers the bone
• Compact bone - dense bone tissue similar to ivory
• Spongy bone - adds strength to bones without adding mass
The Structure of Bone
• Periosteum - a tough membrane that covers the bone
• Compact bone - dense bone tissue similar to ivory
• Spongy bone - adds strength to bones without adding mass
• Marrow in center
The Structure of Bone
• Periosteum - a tough membrane that covers the bone
• Compact bone - dense bone tissue similar to ivory
• Spongy bone - adds strength to bones without adding mass
How are bones formed?
How are bones formed?
• Bones are made of living tissue - osteocytes
How are bones formed?
• Bones are made of living tissue - osteocytes
• Ossification - process of osteocytes adding calcium to cartilage
How are bones formed?
• Bones are made of living tissue - osteocytes
• Ossification - process of osteocytes adding calcium to cartilage
• Osteocytes can either add or remove calcium salts
How are bones formed?
• Bones are made of living tissue - osteocytes
• Ossification - process of osteocytes adding calcium to cartilage
• Osteocytes can either add or remove calcium salts
How bones grow!
How bones grow!
• Long bones (like those of arms & legs) - have growth plates at either end
How bones grow!
• Long bones (like those of arms & legs) - have growth plates at either end
• The cartilage in the growth plates cause bones to lengthen
How bones grow!
• Long bones (like those of arms & legs) - have growth plates at either end
• The cartilage in the growth plates cause bones to lengthen
• Cartilage is then ossified becoming bone
How bones grow!
• Long bones (like those of arms & legs) - have growth plates at either end
• The cartilage in the growth plates cause bones to lengthen
• Cartilage is then ossified becoming bone
How bones grow!
• Long bones (like those of arms & legs) - have growth plates at either end
• The cartilage in the growth plates cause bones to lengthen
• Cartilage is then ossified becoming bone
Keeping Bone Tissue Healthy
Keeping Bone Tissue Healthy
• Haversian canals are tubes through bone tissue.
Keeping Bone Tissue Healthy
• Haversian canals are tubes through bone tissue.
• Blood vessels and nervous tissue are found in the Haversian canals
Keeping Bone Tissue Healthy
• Haversian canals are tubes through bone tissue.
• Blood vessels and nervous tissue are found in the Haversian canals
• Osteocytes are nourished by these blood vessels
Keeping Bone Tissue Healthy
• Haversian canals (osteons) are tubes through bone tissue.
• Blood vessels and nervous tissue are found in the Haversian canals
• Osteocytes are nourished by these blood vessels
Connecting Bones Together
Connecting Bones Together
• While bone is strong structurally it is a soft material that wears easily
Connecting Bones Together
• While bone is strong structurally it is a soft material that wears easily
• Cartilage at ends of bone prevent bone on bone wear
Connecting Bones Together
• While bone is strong structurally it is a soft material that wears easily
• Cartilage at ends of bone prevent bone on bone wear
• Ligaments hold bones together
Connecting Bones Together
• While bone is strong structurally it is a soft material that wears easily
• Cartilage at ends of bone prevent bone on bone wear
• Ligaments hold bones together
Different types of joints.
Different types of joints.
• Fixed joints - found in skull do not allow movement . These are also called suture joints because of their jagged appearance
Different types of joints.
• Fixed joints - found in skull do not allow movement . These are also called suture joints because of their jagged appearance
Different types of joints.
• Hinged joints - like those found in the knee provide movement similar to a door hinge
Different types of joints.
• Hinged joints - like those found in the knee provide movement similar to a door hinge
Different types of joints.
• Hinged joints - like those found in the knee provide movement similar to a door hinge
Different types of joints.
• Ball and socket joints - like those found in the shoulder and hips allow for movement in all directions
Different types of joints.
• Ball and socket joints - like those found in the shoulder and hips allow for movement in all directions
Different types of joints.
• Ball and socket joints - like those found in the shoulder and hips allow for movement in all directions
Different types of joints.
• Ball and socket joints - like those found in the shoulder and hips allow for movement in all directions
Different types of joints.
• Saddle or Gliding joints - like those found in the back allow small movements between bones
Different types of joints.
• Saddle or Gliding joints - like those found in the back allow small movements between bones
Different types of joints.
• Saddle or Gliding joints - like those found in the back allow small movements between bones
Different types of joints.
• Saddle or Gliding joints - like those found in the back allow small movements between bones
Different types of joints.
• Pivot joints - like the one found at the elbow end of the radius arm bone allow rotational movement
Different types of joints.
• Pivot joints - like the one found at the elbow end of the radius arm bone allow rotational movement
Different types of joints.
• Pivot joints - like the one found at the elbow end of the radius arm bone allow rotational movement
Different types of joints.
• Fixed • Hinged• Ball and Socket• Saddle or Gliding• Pivot
How many bones do you have?
How many bones do you have?
• Human adults have 206 bones
How many bones do you have?
• Human adults have 206 bones
• Human infants have more bones, 275 at birth
How many bones do you have?
• Human adults have 206 bones
• Human infants have more bones, 275 at birth
• As infants age some of their bones fuse together forming the 206 bones of an adult
How many bones do you have?
• Human adults have 206 bones
• Human infants have more bones, 275 at birth
• As infants age some of their bones fuse together forming the 206 bones of an adult
How strong are bones?
How strong are bones?
• Bone has the strength of steel with only one fifth the weight
How strong are bones?
• Bone has the strength of steel with only one fifth the weight
• But bones do break
How strong are bones?
• Bone has the strength of steel with only one fifth the weight
• But bones do break
How strong are bones?
• Bone has the strength of steel with only one fifth the weight
• And your skeleton shape can be changed
The parts of the skeleton
The parts of the skeleton
• The axial skeleton
The parts of the skeleton
• The axial skeleton
The parts of the skeleton
• The axial skeleton– includes:– 1-- skull
• cranium 8 bones
The parts of the skeleton
• The axial skeleton– includes:– 1-- skull
• cranium 8 bones
• face 14 bones
The parts of the skeleton
• The axial skeleton– includes:– 1-- skull
• cranium 8 bones• face 14 bones
• hyoid 1 bone• ears 6 bones
The parts of the skeleton
• The axial skeleton– includes:
– 2 -- Vertebral Column
• spine 24 bones• sacrum 1 bone• coccyx 1 bone
The parts of the skeleton
• The axial skeleton– includes:
– 3 -- Thorax• ribs 24 bones• sternum 1 bone
The parts of the skeleton
• The appendicular skeleton
The parts of the skeleton
• The appendicular skeleton– this is the system
of bones that include the limbs and the bones that attach them to the axial skeleton
The parts of the skeleton
• The appendicular skeleton– Includes:
• pectoral girdle
• 2 scapula, right and left
• 2 clavicle, right and left
The parts of the skeleton
• The appendicular skeleton– Includes:
• pectoral girdle • upper limbs
– 2 humerus– 2 ulna– 2 radius– 16 carpals– 10 metacarpals– 28 phalanges
The parts of the skeleton
• The appendicular skeleton– Includes:
• pectoral girdle • upper limbs
– 2 humerus– 2 ulna– 2 radius– 16 carpals– 10 metacarpals– 28 phalanges
The parts of the skeleton
• The appendicular skeleton– Includes:
• pectoral girdle • upper limbs
– 2 humerus– 2 ulna– 2 radius– 16 carpals– 10 metacarpals– 28 phalanges
The parts of the skeleton
• The appendicular skeleton– Includes:
• pectoral girdle • upper limbs
• pelvic girdle 2 bones
The parts of the skeleton
• The appendicular skeleton– Includes:
• pectoral girdle • upper limbs• pelvic girdle 2 bones
• lower limbs
The parts of the skeleton
• The appendicular skeleton– Includes:
• pectoral girdle • upper limbs• pelvic girdle 2 bones
• lower limbs– femur 2 bones
The parts of the skeleton
• The appendicular skeleton– Includes:
• pectoral girdle • upper limbs• pelvic girdle 2 bones
• lower limbs– femur 2 bones
– patella 2 bones
» (knee)
The parts of the skeleton
• The appendicular skeleton– Includes:
• pectoral girdle • upper limbs• pelvic girdle 2 bones
• lower limbs– femur 2 bones– patella 2 bones
– lower leg» tibia 2 bones» fibula 2
bones
The parts of the skeleton
• The appendicular skeleton– Includes:
• pectoral girdle • upper limbs• pelvic girdle 2 bones
• lower limbs– femur 2 bones– patella 2 bones– lower leg
– ankle/foot» tarsals 14 bones» metatarsals 10 » phalanges 28
bones
