skeletal system skeletal system. support and movement protection (brain, lungs) mineral storage of...
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•Support and movement•Protection (brain, lungs)
•Mineral Storage of Calcium and Phosphate•Red Blood Cell Production (long bones)
•Fat (Energy) Storage
Functions of Skeletal SystemFunctions of Skeletal System
Amount of bones in the human body: 206
Smallest bone: stirrup (middle ear)
Largest bone: femur (thigh bone)
longest, strongest, and heaviest bone supports much of our body weight
Two Divisions:
Axial skeleton and Appendicular skeleton
SKELETAL SYSTEMSKELETAL SYSTEM
HUMAN SKELETONHUMAN SKELETON
Front View (Anterior) Back View (Posterior)
Skull: •Cranium•Facial bones
Sternum
Vertebral column (spine)
Ribs (Absent in frogs)
Sacrum
Axial SkeletonAxial Skeleton
Bones of the two girdles and their attached limbs
Pectoral Girdle (Clavicle and Scapula) Upper Limb = Humerus
Radius & Ulna, Carpals, Metacarpals & Phalanges
Pelvic Girdle (coxal bones) Lower Limb = Femur
Tibia & Fibula Tarsals, Metatarsals & Phalanges.
Appendicular Appendicular SkeletonSkeleton
tarsals
metatarsalsphalanges
Long Bone Long Bone Section TissuesSection TissuesEpiphyses - ends
Diaphysis - main shaft
Epiphyseal Plates Cartilage lines where growth occurs
Periosteum
Outer, tough membrane Attachment for tendons and ligaments
Endosteum Membrane lining the medullary/marrow cavity
Marrow Cavity Red Marrow - production of red blood cells (in spongy bone tissue) Yellow marrow - fat storage
Articular Cartilage Between articulating bones cushions and protects bones
Long Bone Long Bone Section TissuesSection Tissues
Structure of Long BoneStructure of Long Bone
Compact Bone: Dense outer shell
Osteon – (Haversian System) •cylindrical unit •rings of solid matrix with calcium and phosphate salts•contains bone cells (osteocytes) •central osteonic canal contains blood vessels
Histology of Histology of Bone OsteonBone Osteon
Osteocyte in Lacunae
Haversian (Osteonic) Canal with blood vessels
Canaliculi(Canals that Connect lacunae)
Histology of CartilageHistology of Cartilage
Matrix
Chondrocytes in lacunae
The Matrix is a composite of elastin and collagen
Cartilage is avascular – cells rely on diffusion through the matrix for nutrients
Bone to BoneBone to Bone• Bones connect to other bones at joints• Connective tissue holds bones together
– Ligaments for moveable joints– Cartilage for semi-movable joints (ribs)
Musculoskeletal SystemMusculoskeletal SystemThe skeleton and muscles function together as the musculoskeletal system
Skeletal muscle: •Attached to bones by tendons •Moves bones•Voluntary control
