Skeletal System

Bones

They support the body and give it shapeThey work with muscles to let you moveProtect organs and produces blood cellsStore– Phosphorus and calcium– Released when your body needs them

Skeletons

Axial Skeleton– Bones in your head,

breastbone, your ribs, and the bones in your backbone

Appendicular Skeleton– The rest of your body– Bones in your hands, arms,

legs, feet, hips, and shoulders

Axial Skeleton

Skull– Actually made up of many small bones

fused together– Cranium- the thick, hard part of the skull

that encloses the brain and protects it– Jawbone

• Only bone in your skull that can move

Backbone/spinal column

33 bones called vertebrae– Support your head and give flexibility to

your neck and back– Helps protect the spinal cord from injury– Cartilage between each vertebrae– Ribs and breastbone form a protective

cage

Joints

The point at which two bones come together

Ligaments

Strong bands that hold bones together at movable joints and prevent them from popping apartA tough layer of cartilage protects the ends of the bonesSynovial Fluid– A fluid that helps lubricate the joint

Joint ActivityWe are going to break into 5 different groupsEach group will be responsible to research their assigned jointLook at page 340 in the red bookFind out where in your body your assigned joint is and find 3 other examples that are within the classroom.1) Immovable 2) Hinge 3) Ball and Socket 4)Pivot 5) Gliding

Types of Joints

Immovable joints– CraniumHinge– Works like a door hinge and allows back

and forth movement• Knees, elbows, and outer knuckles of your

fingers

Ball and socket– Hips and shoulders– Allows movement in all directions– Greatest range of motion

Pivot– Bones move from side to side and up

and down– You can shake your head because of these

Gliding joint– Your wrists and ankles are flexible– Allows joints to slide over one another

Bones

We have 206 bones in our body

Bones remain active even after they stop growing

Structure of bones

Periosteum– A tough membrane that covers bones– Contains cells that form new bone during

growth and repair– Blood vessels run through it and branch into

the bone– The blood flowing through here brings

nutrients and takes away wastes

Compact Bone

Very hard and dense

Spongy Bone

Very light in weightFilled with spacesThese spaces make the bone like a shock absorberThe rounded ends of bones are made up of mostly spongy bone

Marrow

Found in the inside of bonesThere are two typesRed– Fills the spaces in spongy bones

• Most of your blood cells are made in red marrow

Yellow– Found in the center of long bones and is

made up mostly of fat

Development of Bone

The bones start as cartilage before birthThis is replaced by ossification– Ossification=cartilage turning into bone– Minerals are deposited in the cartilage making

it hard– This continues until you are 20-25

In the red book, pg. 342-344

There will be 8 groupsIt is your job to research your assigned bone “problem” and then make a skit like you are an athlete you have a bone “problem” and needs a trainers expertise. The trainer will then tell you how to fix your “problem.”

Bone “Problems”

FractureDislocationSprainTorn cartilage

BursitisArthritisScoliosisOsteoporosis

Fractures

Dislocation

Scoliosis

Osteoporisis