situazione in europa: standardizzazione del biometano per autotrazione...

10th May 2013 Standardizzazione del biometano per autotrazione 1

Situazione in Europa: standardizzazione del biometano per autotrazione

Jaime del ÁlamoTechnical ManagerNGVA Europe

Biogas e biometano in Italia e in EuropaMilan, 10th May 2013


Why biomethane? A unique biofuel

The answer is pretty simple:

• Can be produced from many different sources. All types of biomatter serve for the purpose

• The technology for production, upgrading and end-user applications is mature

• A biofuel with the same chemical composition than its fossil counterpart? No blending limitation, even a better product than fossil NG

• Same logistics as for NG, either compressed or liquefied


Steps for EU-wide implementation

Several countries in Europe have a quite good experience in both, biomethane injection and also in biogas and/or biomethane use as a fuel.

Some existing barriers:

Source: GreenGasGrids Project

- Lack of a common European biomethane specification for grid injection and use as a fuel

- Availability of proper incentive schemes, favouring grid injection and/or vehicle use over biogas for electricity production

- Availability of Natural Gas Vehicle refuelling infrastructure

- Availability of an EU-wide NGV market in terms of vehicle offer and running park

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The role of the European Commission

It was not until late 2010 that the EC addressed a specific mandate (M475) to CEN for the development of:

a) A European standard for a quality specification for biomethane to be used as a fuel for vehicle engines;

b) A Technical Specification or European Norm for a quality specification for biomethane to be injected in natural gas pipelines

Renewable Energy Directive?

20 20 20?

ILUC?Europe NEEDS Biomethane!


CEN/TC 408: in charge of the job

Current situation:8 meetings to date. Last on 11th & 12th March 2013

First version of the Working Draft is ready and out for comments within the committee! Agreement must be found before October 2013 in order to spread for CEN inquiry

Next meeting in 6th & 7th June 2013 (Rotterdam, NL)

Main points under discussion:

Basic Approach: within the group, and as the scope as been widened so as to also cover NG fuel quality, there is a wide variety of industry experts: NG and biomethane companies, TSOs, Vehicle Manufacturers, Technical Institutes, and some liaison national and regional associations such as EBA, NGVA Europe, etc.

This situation created some internal discussions on the basic layout of the work to be done: necessity for 1 or 2 standards, dependency on the gas grid spec, etc.


CEN/TC 408

Committee Structure:

Three internal expert groups:

• EG1: bio-content determination• EG2: NG/biomethane as a fuel• EG3: grid injection specification

Some key points:

For refuelling stations connected to the grid, little quality adaption can be made BUT…

• The EC had the idea of having the C14 method standardized for the measurement of bio-content in the NG grid. Has been demonstrated not to be feasible

• In parallel, CEN/TC 234/WG 11 is working on the general NG grid specification

• One can find NG/biomethane refuelling stations connected to the grid, and not connected

EG2

EG2

EG3

EG2


Ideally these two specs (fuel-grid) should be the same, but after 1,5 years of discussion some differences still exist

CEN/TC 408

First draft:

During the next slides, the presentation will give an overview of the most critical points currently being discussed within the committee, which can basically be summarized by: silicon, water content/dew point, hydrogen sulphide, hydrogen, oxygen, compressor oil and particles and heating value


8CEN/TC 408

Main points under discussion:

Siloxanes/Silicon: several documents have been made available by different experts. Limits depending on the application but the most strict ones for gas turbines and ICEs (ranging from 0,05 mg/Nm3)

No agreed sampling / test method is available yet. DNV KEMA has presented a project proposal to the EC for engine testing and GERG is willing to work in the sampling and test methods. NGVA Europe is coordinating the input from CEN/TC 408 to the DNV KEMA project. What is the impact i.e. on boilers?

Main problem for waste-water treatment and landfill gas. Substantial Si control experience in Germany and Switzerland via the use of carbon active filters

Biomethane-specific


9CEN/TC 408

Water content/water dew point: as both parameters are important and are also correlated (ISO 18453) we decided to only limit one of them, and preferably the dew point.

Not Biomethane-specific

ECE R110 sets a water content limit of 32 mg/m3 and a pressure dew point of-90C at 200 bar only for safety. CEN/TC 234 evaluating some -8 0C at maximum operating pressure. This seems not enough to assure proper functioning in cold climates so the gas is generally dried much more than that

ConclusionProposal: to create a variable limit depending on different climate zones. For example:

• Zone A: 0 0C at 200 bar• Zone B: -10 0C at 200 bar• Zone C: -20 0C at 200 bar• Zone D: -30 0C at 200 bar


10CEN/TC 408

Hydrogen Sulphide: ECE R110 sets a limit (for safety operation of Natural Gas Vehicles) of 23 mg/m3 and the German DIN 51624 sets 7 mg/kg. Bosch suggested a North American study which proposes some 3,5 - 7 mg/kg limit due to the H2S combustion products sticking ICE valves.

The discussion on the future grid limitation mainly for corrosion, as informed by CEN/TC234, seems to lead towards 5 mg/Nm3 or 6-7 mg/kg so:

Conclusion: most suitable limitation seems to be 5 mg/Nm3



CEN/TC 408Hydrogen: ECE R110 sets a limit (for safety operation of Natural Gas Vehicles) of 2 % v/v due to potential embrittlement of metallic materials at high pressures.

For grid injection, and general NG grid specification, the value is still to be decided and based on the results from a GERG project:

Conclusion: most suitable limitation seems to be 2 % v/v

NCS Injection Requirements in Different European Countries. Source: Marcogaz

Biomethane-specific


CEN/TC 408Oxygen: ECE R110 sets a limit (for safety operation of Natural Gas Vehicles) of 1 % v/v due to potential corrosion.

For the general NG grid specification, CEN/TC 234 is proposing to make it variable depending on aspects such as proximity to underground storages, though the limits are still to be

discussed. For biomethane injection into the grid some preliminary values ranging between 0,1 and 1% have been proposed.

Conclusion: ECE R110 limit of 1% v/v was set 15 years ago to prevent corrosion of CNG cylinders. Now we’re thinking of more strict requirements on water content/dew point. Would it be acceptable to raise then the O2 limit a bit?

Most of the O2-related problems for biogas/biomethane is landfill biogas!

NCS Injection Requirements in Different European Countries. Source: Marcogaz



CEN/TC 408Compressor Oil & Particles: several bad experiences with natural gas vehicles regarding oil carry-over and particles deposition. No agreed test method is available yet, but DVGW in Germany is working in the refinement of a preliminary gravimetric method and SP/SGC in Sweden is about to finish a test method capable of determining all types of oil (dissolved and suspended)

Conclusion: CEN/TC 408 agrees in the need of limiting this aspect by means of a recommendation and not a fixed limit


CNG Sampling System. Source: DVGW


CEN/TC 408Compressor Oil & Particles: these are the two proposed texts:



CEN/TC 408Heating Value: as agreed within the group, the proposed minimum LHV is 44 MJ/kg which means some 95% CH4 content in biomethane

10 mg/Nm3)

Of outmost importance for home appliances, and NG engines in general. Performance-based parameter.

*Note: the German DIN 51624 sets 46 MJ/kg for NG as a fuel

CH4-LHV Relation for a Binary Mixture of CH4 and CO2. Source: E.ON Ruhrgas


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Grazie per l’attenzione!

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http://www.ngvaeurope.eu/

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