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CERTIFICATION

I hereby declare that the project work entitled as Sarda Sahayak Feeder

Canal & Gomti Aqueduct is an authentic record of my own work carried out at

Sarda Sahayak Feeder Canal & Gomti Aqueduct as required for the fifth

semester project of B.TECH. (Civil Engineering), under the guidance of Mr.

SUDHAKAR PATHAK, on (11th Sept. 2013).

Date: __________

Signature: __________

Certified that the above statement made by the student is correct to the best of our

knowledge and belief.

(Mr. Sudhakar Pathak)

Professor

Shri Ramswaroop Memorial University


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ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

With feeling of joy and thank, I place in your hand my Site visit report. It my plea-

sant privileges to thank all those who help me in molding and shaping my report.

Without their guidance, cooperation and best wishes it would have been impossible

for me to complete my site visit report. A big thanks to all those who helped me by

sparing time amidst their busy schedule and for being kind enough to help me

whenever I needed them.

I feel grateful and wish to express my gratitude to Dr. Abhishek Saxena, Dean of

Civil Department of SRMU for providing me an opportunity to visit Gomti

Aqueduct. I would like to acknowledge special thank to Prof. Shudhakar Pathak

for his continual guidance and support at site visit.

Finally, I am thankful to all the respected employees of Gomti Aqueduct for pro-

viding me the necessary information, cooperation in site visit. I thank god almighty

for his abundant blessing because without it this site visit report was only a dream.


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CONTENT

I. Introduction------------------------------------------------------------ 4

II. Feeder Canal----------------------------------------------------------- 5

III. Cross Regulator------------------------------------------------------- 7

IV. Escape------------------------------------------------------------------ 8

V. Canal Lining----------------------------------------------------------- 9

VI. Hydraulic Jump-------------------------------------------------------- 10

VII. Foot Briged------------------------------------------------------------- 11

VIII. Aqueduct--------------------------------------------------------------- 12

About Gomti Aqueduct

Uses of Aqueduct

Advantages of Aqueduct

Disadvantages of Aqueduct

IX. T- Diagram of Sarda Sahayak Feeder Canal System-------------- 16


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INTRODUCTION

The department of Civil Engineering, Shri Ramswaroop Memorial

University, Organized a one day educational visit of Sarda Sahayak Feeder

Canal & Gomti Aqueduct on 11th of September 2013 for B.tech Civil Engineer-

ing students. Visit was organized as per Shri Ramswaroop memorial university

guidelines and recommendations regarding syllabus of B.Tech Civil Engineering.

Visit was organized with the prior permission of honorable V.C. (Dr. A.k.

Singh) of SRMU, hard efforts of Dean of Civil Department (Dr. Abhishek Sax-

ena), Prof. Sudhakar Pathak & teaching staff Ms. Deepti Verma, Ms. Shipra.

prof. Sudhakar Pathak guides the students during visit. The civil engineering stu-

dents hard efforts and initiative under the continuous guidance of Dr.Abhishek

Saxena & Pro. Sudhakar Pathak which makes this visit a grand success.

In this site visit we seen and learn about Feeder canal, Escape, Cross regula-

tor, Gomti Aquaduct. We seen how they work, what is purpose and aim of con-

struction Feeder canal, Escape, Cross regulator, Gomti Aquaduct. We learn about

their dimensions, material used, and flow of water, supports and beam given in

Gomti Aquaduct. At last we see and learn about T- Diagram of Sharda Sahayak

Canal System.


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FEEDER CANAL

Feeder canal is a canal which serving to conduct water to a large canal or

Aquaduct, flow of water in this feeder canal is natural.

Feeder canal of Gomti aqueduct start from Sharda River. But we use Ghaghara

River water also by diverting 480 cumecs of Ghaghara water into Sharda River

by a link canal. After covering distance of 153 Km, feeder canal serving water to

Gomti aqueduct and after 258 Km feeder canal serve water to Allahabad, Surav,

and Manigau.

Fig: (1) Fig: (2)

Fig: (1) & (2) are pics of feeder canal


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Lakhimpur Kheri Sitapur

Luck now Barabanki

Rai Bareli Allahabad

Pratapgarh Jaunpur

Varanasi Azamgarh

Sultanpur Mau

Ballia Faizabad

Ghazipur Ambedkar nagar


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CROSS REGULATOR

A cross regulator is a structure constructed across a canal at 148 Km from Sharda

river to regulate the water level in the canal upstream of itself and the discharge

passing downstream of it. It is consist of 3 gates.

Purposes of cross regulator:

1. To feed off taking canals located upstream of the cross regulator.

2. To help water escape from canals in conjunction with escapes.

3. To control water surface slopes in conjunction with falls for bringing the canal

to regime slope and section.

4. To control discharge at an outfall of a canal into another canal or lake.

Fig 3: Cross regulator Fig 4: water passing from

Regulator gates


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ESCAPE

It is a bypass which is use to allow release of excess water from the canal system.

Purpose of Escape:

1. Wrong operation of head works in trying to regulate flow in a long channel re-

sulting in release of excess water than the total demand in the canal system down-

stream.

2. Excessive rainfall in the command area leading to reduced demand and conse-

quent closure of downstream gates.

3. Sudden closure of control gates due to a canal bank breach.

4. The excess water in a canal results in the water level rising above the full supply

level which, if allowed to overtop the canal banks, may cause erosion and subse-

quent breaches.

5. Hence, canal escapes help in releasing the excess water from a canal at times of

emergency.

6. Escapes as also built at the tail end of minors at the far ends of a canal network.

7. These are required to maintain the required full supply level at the tail end of the

canal branch.


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CANAL LINING

An impervious layer is provided at the bed and sides of canal to improve the life

and discharge capacity of canal known as canal lining.

Reasons for Canal Lining

To save water (reduce seepage)

To stabilize channel bed

and banks (reduce erosion)

To avoid piping through and under channel banks

To decrease hydraulic roughness (flow resistance)

To promote movement, rather than deposition, of sediments

To avoid water logging of adjacent land

To control weed growth

To decrease maintenance costs and facilitate cleaning

To reduce excavation costs (when extant material is unsuitable)

To reduce movement of contaminated groundwater plumes

.

Fig: (5) Fig: (6)


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HYDRAULIC JUMP

Whenever the flow profile changes from supercritical to subcritical, hydraulic

jumps will occur. A hydraulic jump represents a significant head loss that mani-

fests in available energy for scour and creation of turbulence. Hydraulic jumps are

one of the three occurrences of Rapidly Varied Flow. Hydraulic jumps are general-

ly an undesirable condition for fish passage and erosion control.

A hydraulic jump can only occur if the following two conditions are satisfied:

1. The culvert has a steep hydraulic slope (yc > yn)

2. The tail water depth is greater than critical depth (yTW > yc)

Fig: (7) Fig: (8)


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FOOT BRIDGE

A footbridge is a bridge designed for pedestrians and in some cases cyclists, ani-

mal traffic and horse riders, rather than Vehicular Traffic. Footbridges complement

the landscape and can be used decoratively to visually link two distinct areas or to

signal a transaction.

Fig: (9) Foot Bridge


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AQUEDUCT

An aqueduct is an artificial channel through which water is transferred from

one place to another. Aqueducts can be made of many different types of materials,

such as brick, concrete, metal or wood, and constructed in a variety of ways, for

instance as tunnels, canals or bridges. An aqueduct can transport a small amount of

water as well as a large enough amount that watercraft can even be transported

through it, and the water can be moved through the use of pumps or simply by

gravity.

About Gomti aqueduct Gomti aqueduct construction is started on 1973 & completed on 1978 and

inaugurated by Indira Gandhi.

Its foundation depth is 100 m.

There are 12 spans are used in foundation of Gomti Aqueduct. The distance

between two spans is 32.5 m.

The total length of Aquaduct is 382m.

The depth of Aqueduct is 38.5m.

Its up & down stream transition is 35 & 55 m respectively.

It contain two types of supports :

a) Roller

b) Rocker support

Discharge of Gomti Aquaduct is 357 cubec/ sec

Its contain SSU bearing 5m at starting & 5m at end of aqueduct.SSU bearing

is used to resist the shakes of earthquake.


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The height of Aqueducts upper & lower part from ground is 15m & 7.5m

respectively.

Fig: (11) Transition curve Fig: (12) Opening of Gomti

Aqueduct

Uses of Aqueduct The main use of the aqueduct is to transport clean water to a large population of

people, in a city for example, but they are also used to irrigate crops where little or

no water naturally occurs. Still another use of the aqueduct is for transportation

since they can allow large barges to pass over difficult terrain such as valleys and

ravines. There are also side benefits to the use of aqueducts, for example they can

help control flooding.


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Fig: (13) Prestressed reinforced beams

Advantages of aqueduct: It helps us to get water fast.

It gives us fresh, clean, and refreshing water.

It gives jobs to people.

Disadvantage of aqueduct: It takes a lot of space.

It is too expensive.


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Gomti Aqueduct model

Fig: (14) Model of Gomti aqueduct

Fig: (15) Prestressed steel


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T- Diagram of Sharda Sahayak Canal System


site visit gomti aqueduct in lucknow

Documents

site visit report

canal lining

novapdf http

g e introduction

g e acknowledgement

g e certification

g e content

guidance of