sistem selcoperm

8/9/2019 Sistem Selcoperm

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Electrochlorination

Electrochlorination – Overview


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Electrochlorination

Why electrochlorination?

• Chlorine as disinfectant is often used

– Depot effect

– Effectivity

– Regulations and standards

– Low-cost disinfection agent

• Risks of chlorine gas

– Chlorine discharge by wrong handling or technical failure

– Safety thinking especially in dense populated regions

– Local regulations for transportation


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Electrochlorination

Why electrochlorination?

• No handling with dangerous chemicals

– Common salt is harmless and can be stored without problems

• Always fresh hypochlorite available

– no decomposition compared to commercial hypochlorite solution– few generation of by-products (chlorate)

• Cost saving production

– Chemicals and energy less than 1 € per kg chlorine with common salt electrolysis


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Electrochlorination

Method of electrolytic chlorine production

Salt + Water

Anode (+) Chlorine

Sodiumhydroxide +Hydrogen

Cathode (-)

Sodium hypochlorite + Hydrogen + Salt+ Water

+2 NaCl 2 H2O

Anode (+)

Cl2

2NaOH + H2

Cathode (-)

NaClO + H2 + NaCl + H2O


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Electrochlorination

Disinfection effect of electrolytic chlorine

Electrolytical chlorine production2 NaCl + 2 H20 2 NaOH + Cl2 + H22 NaOH + Cl2 NaCl + NaClO + H20

e-

Reaction with waterNaClO + H20 NaOH + HClO

HClO + H20 H30+ + ClO-

HClO is the disinfectant,not Cl2 or ClO

- !

High pH dependancy


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Electrochlorination

pH effect on hypochlorite effectiveness

pH range with 90% HClO content


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Electrochlorination

Disinfection effect with hypochlorite

Microbicidal effect• irreversible oxidation (plus chlorination) of cell components,

structure proteins, enzymes, DNA

Characteristics• extensive application spectrum at pH 5 to 7

• sensitive against organic load

• corrosive at application temperatures > 40°C and pH < 7

• strong product influence – taste / smell

• AOX (adsorbent organic halogens) – contribution


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Electrochlorination

Types of electrolytic chlorine production

Chlorine

Electrolysis

Undivided cell Membrane divided

cell

Saturated

brine Diluted

hydrochloric

acid

Dilutedbrine

Natural brine

( ocean water )

Chloride containing water


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Electrochlorination

Undivided cells with NaCl

NaCl +

H2O

H2

NaClO

solution

NaClNa+

+

Anode Cl-

H2O OH-H+

NaOH Cl2 NaClO

-

Cathode


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Electrochlorination

NaClO 4

3+-

7

H2O, softened

H2

Air

H2O, supply

NaCl + H2O, saturated

1

5

2

1 Water softener2 Brine tank3 Undivided cell4 Degassing tank H2 5 Ventilation

6 Storage tank 7 Dosing pump

6

Function principle undivided cell electrolysis


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Electrochlorination

1 Softener2 Brine tank3 Membrane cell4 Degassing tank Cl2 5 Reaction tower

6 Degassing tank H27 Dosing pump8 Mixing tank9 pH measurement

10 Dosing pump

10

Cl2

NaClO

Rest brine

H2O, softened

H2

Air

H2O, supply

Saturated Brine

1

5

7

2

3

4

6

89

+-NaOH +H2

Rest brine + Chlorine gas

NaOH

Function principle, membrane standard method


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Electrochlorination

Cathode (-)

(2 H+ +2e- => H2)

Anode (+)

(2 Cl- Cl2+2 e-)

ca. 0,3 g/l Chlorine solution

Operation water80 - 100 l/h

H2 to the air

Flow meter withmin. monitoring

Acid drainca. 1% HClpH 1-2

Function principle, hydrochloric acid electrolysis

l hl i i


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Electrochlorination

Comparison of electrolytic methods

*) without maintanance (high spare parts costs)

Undivided cell Membrane divided cells

Raw material Diluted brine Saturated brine Diluted hydrochloric acid

Cell construction Undivided flow-through cell Membrane divided cell Membrane divided cell

Salt consumption per kg Cl2 3,0 – 3,5 kg 1,7 – 2,0 kg -

Acid consupmtion per kg Cl2 - - 1,2 kg at 100 % conc.

Power consumption per kg Cl2 4,0 – 4,5 kWh 4,5 – 5,0 kWh 4,0 – 4,5 kWh

Product Hypochlorite solution 6-8 g/l Hypochlorite solution 25 g/l Chlorine solution 0,5 - 1 g/l

Operation costs per kg Cl2 0,80 – 1,00 € 0,60 – 0,80 € 6,00 – 8,00 €

Advantages SimpleRobustReliable

No salt carry-overHigh product concentration

Low operation costs *)

SimpleRobustReliable

Disadvantages High salt consumptionSalt carry-over in product

Only high purity salt suitableComplex, susceptible to

malfunctionHigh spare parts costs

High operation costsLow product concentration

Preferred application Drinking water applicationsVery suitable for export

business

Public bathsAlso drinking water

Not suitable for export business

Small, private swimming poolsNo drinking water plants

El t hl i ti


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Electrochlorination

Cost calculation, comparison of methods

Method Qty. chemicalsper year

Chemicalcosts

Power costs perkg Chlorine *)

Operationcosts / year

Liquid chlorine 1.000 kg 1,30 € / kg - 1.300 €

Hypochlorite solution 6.667 kg 0,58 € / kg - 3.866 €

Chlorine granulate /tablets

1.540 kg 4,00 € / kg - 6.160 €

Membrane elektrolysis 1.700 kg 0,18 € / kg= 306 €

0,55 € = 550 €

856 €

Undivided electrochlorination 3.200 kg 0,12 € / kg= 384 €

0,50 € = 500 €

884 €

*) without dosing equipmentInvest costs must be calculated separately dependant on the system dimensioning.All dosing systems for chemicals must follow certain local legal regulations concerning installation placeand maintenance. So a total cost comparison can only be done individually.

Chemical cost comparison for an average swimming pool(1000 kg chlorine per year)

El t hl i ti


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Electrochlorination

Grundfos Alldos Electrochlorination Systems

Product family name: SelcopermCapacities: 125 / 250 / 500 / 1000 / 2000 g/h

System: Complete plug-and-play systems:electrochlorination system +storage tanks for brine and product solutions

Typical disinfection tasks:

• Drinking water treatment

• Municipal waste water treatment

• Swimming pool water treatment

• Industrial waste water treatment

El t hl i ti


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Electrochlorination

Electrochlorination System SelcopermInstallation scheme:

Electrolysissystem

Brine tank

Producttank

Dosingpumps

Ventilationsystem

El t hl i ti


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Electrochlorination

Example for installation in drinking water plant

Electrochlorination System Selcoperm

Brine tank

Electrolysissystem

Producttank

Dosingpump

Ventilationsystem

Chlorine

measurement

El t hl i ti


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Electrochlorination

Components:

Controlunit

Ventilationmotor

Front view

Display for airflow rate

Main

switch

Power and signalsupply lines


Electrochlorination


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Electrochlorination

Components:

Water flowmeter and

switch

Water softener

Left side view

Water coolingfor electronics

Dosing pumpfor brine

In- and Outlet for waterand brine

Sample valves for water,brine and product


Electrochlorination


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Electrochlorination

Components:

Right side view

Control

unit

Electrochlorination cell

Connection to

product storage tank

Ventilationsystem

Degassing column

Hydrogen outlet


Electrochlorination


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Electrochlorination

Details electrolysis cell

• Electrodes in transparent PVC tube with five years warranty

• Voltage between electrodes 26 to 28 V

• Dual containment between electrolyser chamber and vent pipework

• Brine concentration entering the electrolyser is between 20 and 30 g/l

• Concentration sodium hypochlorite leaving the electrolyser< 8 g/l

• Product temperature is kept below 35 °C which is monitored

• The product is kept at a consistent composition via the control panelmonitoring and adjusting :

Water flow

Amperage Voltage

Temperature



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Electrochlorination


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Electrochlorination

System requirements

Inlet water:- Good quality filtered water (particles < 100 µm)- Low fluoride (< 2 mg/l), iron (< 200 mg/m³) and manganese content(< 20 mg/m³)- Between 125 and 140 litres of water is required to produce 1 kg chlorine.

Salt:- Food quality grade salt is recommended- 3 to 3,5 kg salt is required to produce 1 kg chlorine

Power supply:-4,5 to 5 kW is required to produce 1 kg chlorine


Electrochlorination


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Electrochlorination

End product sodium hypochlorite solution

Typical specifications:

Total chlorine content ≤ 0,8 % (≤ 8 g per litre)

pH 8 - 8,5

Specific density ~ 1,014 g/cm³Product storage time nearly unlimited at 25 °C

Freezing point -1,1 °C

Product concentration and pH value are lower than in commercial

sodium hypochlorite solutions (concentration ~ 15 %, pH ~ 10) Higher long-term stability, no pH correction with sulphur acidnecessary


Electrochlorination


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Electrochlorination

Hydrogen as By-product

Potential hazards minimized through engineering:

• Vertical electrolyser in difference to some competitors, therefore nohydrogen accumulation in the electrolyser

• Hydrogen separation in clear degassing column before outlet toproduct tank

• Dual contained electrolyser, degassing column and vent pipework

• Quantifiable air flow through the dual containment

• No source of ignition

• Never more than one litre hydrogen (0,09 g) in the system at a time


Electrochlorination


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Electrochlorination

Safety in use of the process

Selcoperm will fail safe in the event of following conditions:• Incorrect water flow• High / low amperage• Over temperature in electronics, electrolyser cell or product outlet

• Ventilation failure• Extra high or extra low product tank level• Leakage in hydraulic / electrolyser chamber or in product tank• System inhibit via any site alarm

The system is designed so that no electrical equipment is sited in apotentially explosive environment.


Electrochlorination


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Electrochlorination

User advantages

• Low operator involvement

• Low maintenance (inspection once a year)

• Safe handling and simple storage of salt as raw material

• No separate plant room as for chlorine gas necessary• Low operation costs

• Efficient production of disinfectant

• Long term stable product storage

• Low investment costs

• No hazardous products


Electrochlorination


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Electrochlorination

Applications

Treatment of swimming pool water


Electrochlorination


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Electrochlorination

Applications


Example: Installation ofSelcoperm 500 in Söllingen(Germany) as replacement ofhypochlorite dosing


Electrochlorination


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Electrochlorination

Applications


Example: Installation of Selcoperm1000 in Heidelsheim (Germany) asreplacement of chlorine gas dosing


Electrochlorination


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Electrochlorination

Drinking water treatment:

A) Raw water treatment

B) Final disinfection

A

B

Electrochlorination System SelcopermApplications

Electrochlorination


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Electrochlorination

Applications

Drinking water treatment

Example: Installation ofSelcoperm 250 in water plantAlconbury (UK) as alternative tochlorine gas system


Electrochlorination


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Electrochlorination

Applications

Waste water treatment

Example: Installation of a Selcopermwith 10.5 kg/h for waste watertreatment in Larnaca (Cyprus)



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Electrochlorination


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Salt saturator tank - 10 tons


Electrochlorination


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Delivery program Selcoperm

Selcoperm electrochlorinators

Type Capacity g Cl2 / h Capacity kg Cl2 / day

SES-125 125 3

SES-250 250 6SES-500 500 12

SES-1000 1000 24

SES-2000 2000 48

Variants: voltage/frequency and connections on unit (metric/imperial)

Dimensions (W x D x H) / mm: 700 x 900 x 1800Weight: ca. 100 kg


Electrochlorination


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Type Capacity / kg Diameter (mm) Height (mm) SET-150-S 150 550 644

SET-300-S 300 556 930

SET-500-S 500 790 1035

SET-1250-S 1250 1019 1157

Brine tanks

Product storage tanks

Delivery program Selcoperm accessories

PWS T1000 test kit for measuring salinity and product concentration


Type Capacity / L Width (mm) Depth (mm) Height (mm)

SET-350-P 350 1024 724 1200

SET-501-P 500 1184 864 1250

SET-700-P 700 (2x350) 1804 784 1250

SET-991-P 1000 1474 1074 1500

SET-1001-P 1000 (2x500) 2084 924 1300

SET-2000-P 2000 1350 - 1800

SET-3000-P 3000 1535 - 2000

SET-5000-P 5000 1950 - 2400

SET-10000-P 10000 2000 - 3800

Electrochlorination


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Market situation electrochlorination

Competi-tor

Prominent W&T Severn Trent

System a) Dulco Zon MCEa

b) CHLORINSITU II

OSEC-B MCT 12/24/36

Disadvan-tage

a) membrane system:higher maintenancecosts, minor lifetime

b) non-divided cell:only 3-phase power

supply, 3.8kg salt/kgCl2, >7kWh/kg Cl2

• ca. 15 % less yield

• less secure H2Elimination

• higher investmentcosts

• horizontalelectrolyser cell

• no dual containment

• H2 dilution fan onlyas option

Most important competitors

In addition many local manufacturers with simple systems in low price segment areexisting, for example Ekran (RU), Titanor (Ind.), Water Eng. (AUS), Salchlor (AUS).


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