singapore land transport policy

8/6/2019 Singapore Land Transport Policy

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Prepared by

Mohd Syaril Azman 57274110024

Haisal Faris bin Jaafar 57275110036

Transportation Policy


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Economics of Land Transport in Singapore -Managing Traffic Congestion in Singapore


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The rapid industrial growth that this city-statebegan in the 1960s brought about severe urbancongestion during the 1970s.

A densely located population with a strongpreference for automobiles, coupled with a highconcentration of industries on a small land area,led to heightened travel delays and air pollution.

In order to plan, develop and manage of all surface

transportation policies and infrastructures,Singapore had established the Land TransportAuthority (LTA) under the Ministry ofCommunications in 1995.


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LTA was formed through a merger of fourprevious departments: the Roads andTransportation Division of the Public Works

Department, the Registry of Vehicles, the LandTransport Division of the Ministry ofCommunications, and the Mass Rapid TransitCorporation.


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Manage demand for private vehicle transportand, in so doing, reducing congestion and airpollution levels dramatically.

The Singapore government has implementedseveral policies to address congestioneffectively:

Area Licensing SchemeElectronic Road Pricing

Vehicle Quota System


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VQS fixes an annual limit on the number ofvehicles that can be purchased in Singapore.

The Government controls the vehicle population

based on targets that considered road capacity andtraffic conditions.

The target growth rate of the vehicle population isdetermined annually that dictated by the level atwhich traffic is projected to be able to flow easily,

given forecasted infrastructure investment. This target also influenced by prevailing traffic

conditions and the rate at which old vehicles aretaken out of use.


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The government publicizes the number ofCertificates of Entitlement (COEs) which aprospective buyers have to bid in the category

of vehicle that they wish to purchase.


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The ALS was introduced in Singapores CBD in 1975.

Its primary objective was to limit traffic and alleviatecongestion during the peak commuting times in only

the most congested areas. Secondary objectives of the ALS were to improve

overall accessibility and mobility within the CBD,which were felt to be very important to the citys

economic life and vitality.


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Entry into Restricted Zone (RZ) was allowed ifthe vehicle owner had pre-purchased a colored

entry license. Restricted hour from 7.30 AM to 10.15 AM and

from 4.30 PM to 6.30 PM. However in 1997,ALS was extended to a full-day scheme from7.30 AM to 7.00 PM.


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Electronic Road Pricing (ERP) is an advancedsystem which is used to manage traffic byapplying a charge for the use of heavily used

expressways and roads at certain times. Based on a pay-per-use scheme, it works in

tandem with vehicle ownership measures suchas the Certificate of Entitlement (COE) to bettermanage congestion on Singapores roads.


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The ERP system consists of toll collectinggantries located at all roads leading into theCentral Business District (CBD) and on

expressways and arterial roads prone to heavytraffic during peak hours.

Sensors on these gantries charge a toll whenyou pass through and payment is deducted

from a stored value Cashcard through a devicecalled an In-vehicle Unit (IU).

Installing the IU is a mandatory requirementfor all Singapore-registered vehicles.


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singapore land transport policy

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