sim refraction
DESCRIPTION
STRATEGIC INTERVENTION MATERIAL (Felix T. Bunagan, MT-I MHS)TRANSCRIPT
Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) in Physics Makati High School
1 | P a g e
The Mystery of LIGHT
Please check the box.
I still do not understand the lesson.
Now, I understand what the lesson is all about.
Easy
Difficult
Alone
With one of my classmates to work with.
Student’s notes
After reading this page…
Within a group
Have you happened to look into a swimming pool?
What do you notice when you look into its floor? It seems
shallow isn’t it? But when you get into it, it is deep actually. The
part of our body submerged in the pool seems shortened. Why
do you think so? Sometimes you can still see the sun on the
horizon even after it supposed to be set in. Why do stars
twinkle? Is it magic? Have you ever wondered why such
phenomenon happens? Study this material and you will
discover the principle behind this phenomenon.
This lesson is focused on the Learning Competency “to
investigate the refraction properties of light. You will trace the
path of light by drawing the incident ray and the refracted ray;
measure the angle of incidence and angle of refraction,
determine the speed of light in different medium, describe the
relationship between the index of refraction and direction of
refraction using the Snell’s law and give practical application of
the phenomenon in everyday life.
What I think about the things to do.
For this lesson I want to study it …
GUIDE CARD
Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) in Physics Makati High School
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Swollen Pencil
Light Changes Speed
Light travels in straight path. What happens when it
enters a different medium? Let’s find out by observing the
light ray as it enters air-water interface.
Air
Water
1. What happens to the light wave as it enters at right
angle in air-water interface? (hint: notice the wavelength)
Please check the box for your answer.
Light speeds up as it enters the water.
Light slows down as it enters the water.
Materials:
Glass half-filled with water and pencil.
Procedure:
Dip the pencil perpendicularly to the water surface.
Set Up. (Please draw the set-up)
Questions:
1. What did you observe to the appearance of the pencil
that is emerged in water?
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
2. What causes the change in appearance of the pencil
emerged in water?
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
Refraction is a
boundary phenomenon. When
light strikes a boundary at
right angle (900) it does not
refract. However, the
speed of light
changes.
Light is both a particle and a
wave. Light wave with shorter
wavelength travels fast. Light
wave with longer wavelength
travels slow.
What you need to know.
What you need to know.
ACTIVITY CARD 1A
ACTIVITY CARD 1B
In this activity, you will observe and describe the behavior of light as it travels from one medium to another.
This link will help you understand more
about the topic.
http://interactagram.com/physics/optic
s/refraction
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Light travels in straight path with the same speed
in the same medium under uniform temperature. What
happens when light enters obliquely (<900) into a
different medium? Let’s find out by observing the light
ray as it enters the air-water interface.
Air
Water
1. What happens to light as it enters obliquely from air to
water?
Light is bent as it enters obliquely from air to water.
Light is not bent as it enters obliquely from air to
Water.
When light enters obliquely
into a medium of different
optical density, the speed
changes and it is bent. The
phenomenon
is called
Refraction of light.
What you need to know.
ACTIVITY CARD 2
Materials:
Glass half-filled of water and pencil.
Procedure:
Dip the pencil obliquely (less than 900) to the water
surface.
Set Up. (Please draw the set-up)
Questions:
1. What did you observe to the appearance of the pencil
that is emerged in water?
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
2. What causes the change in appearance of the pencil
emerged in water?
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________
Broken
Pencil
ACTIVITY CARD 2A Light Bends
Light is refracted whenever it
enters a medium of different
optical density obliquely. The
direction of bending is
determined by the index of
refraction of the two
medium.
What you need to know.
This link will help you understand more
about the topic.
http://hyperphysics.phyastr.gsu/hbase/
geoopt/refr.html
Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) in Physics Makati High School
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Light is Refracted
The line drawn
perpendicular to the water surface
at the point of incident is the
normal line. The ray that strikes the
second medium is the incident ray
and the ray that leaves the second
medium is the refracted ray. The
angle of incidence is the angle
between the normal line and the
incident ray and the angle of
refraction
is the angle between
the normal and the
Let’s classify the following terms by referring to
the illustration below. Write the letter that corresponds
to the term on the box.
1.) Light emerges from water to air. Classify what each
letters represent. Write the letter corresponding to the
terms listed below.
Incident ray Angle of incidence (θi)
Refracted ray Angle of refraction (θr)
Normal line
2.) Light emerges from water to air. Classify what each letters represent. Write the letter corresponding to the terms listed below.
Incident ray Refracted ray
Normal line Angle of incidence (θi)
Angle of refraction (θr)
A B
E
C
D
What you need to know..
E D
C
B
ACTIVITY CARD 3
Please check the box to assess your
understanding about the activity.
I still do not understand
the activity.
Now, I understand what the activity is all about.
Understanding Check
In this activity, you will trace the path of light the incident ray, refracted ray, angle of incidence, angle of refraction and normal line.
A
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How light is refracted in different media
When a ray of light
passes from one medium to
an optically denser medium,
its speed decreases, and
is refracted or bent
towards the normal.
When a ray of light
passes from one medium to
an optically less dense
medium, its speed increases,
and
is refracted or bent
away the normal.
Refraction of light from DENSE medium to a
DENSER medium. (air-water interface)
Air
θi
1. Measure the angle of incidence and angle of refraction
using protractor. How can you compare the two angles?
Please check the box for your answer.
The angle of incidence is greater than the angle of refraction.
The angle of incidence is less than the angle of refraction.
Refraction of light from DENSER medium to a DENSE
medium. (water-air inteface)
θi
Air
2. Measure the angle of incidence and angle of refraction using protractor. How can you compare the two angles? Please check the box for your answer.
The angle of incidence is greater than the angle of refraction.
The angle of incidence is less than the angle of refraction.
θi
Water
What you need to know.
θr Water
ACTIVITY CARD 4
θr
In this activity, you will; a. Determine the direction of
bending of light in denser medium
b. Determine the direction of light in less dense medium.
This link will help you understand more
about the topic.
http://library.thinkquest.org/27066/lightr
ays/nlrefraction.html
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How much light bends in a medium?
Snell's law gives the
relationship between angles of
incidence and refraction for a wave
impinging on an interface between
two media with different indices of
refraction. The law follows from the
boundary condition that a wave be
continuous across a boundary, which
requires that the phase of the wave
be constant on any given plane. In
equation,
n1sin θi =n2sin θr
where: n1 = index of refraction of the first medium. N2=index of refraction of the second medium θi= angle of incidence θr = angle of refraction
Draw the indicated angle of incidence in the table below using a protractor and ruler then calculate the angle of refraction (rounded off to whole number) and draw the angle of refraction. (Note: air – water interface)
Air
Water
Condition: n1 < n2
n1 (air) n2 (water) θi θr
1 1.00 1.33 200
2 1.00 1.33 300
3 1.00 1.33 500
4 1.00 1.33 650
1. What happens to the angle of refraction as the angle of
incidence is increased in a less dense medium (air) to a denser
medium (water) interface?
____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________
2. What can you say on the relationship between the angle of
incidence (θi) and the angle of refraction (θr)?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
3. What is the direction of bending of light in a less dense
medium to denser medium?
____________________________________________________
____________________________________________________
1 2 3 4
ACTIVITY CARD 5
What you need to know.
In this activity, you will compute the value of angle of refraction applying Snell’s law.
This link will help you understand more
about the topic.
http://www.youtube.com/watc?v=c2o
73FyN3l
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Draw the indicated angle of incidence in the table below using a protractor then calculate the angle of refraction and draw the angle of refraction. Round off (θi) to whole number . (Note: water –air interface) Air
Water
Condition: n1 > n2
n1 (water) n2 (air) θi θr
1 1.33 1.00 400
2 1.33 1.00 300
3 1.33 1.00 200
4 1.33 1.00 100 1. What happens to the angle of refraction as the angle of
incidence is increased in a denser medium (water) to a less
dense medium (air) interface?
The angle of refraction Increases. The angle of refraction decreases The angle of refraction is equal to the angle of incidence. 2. What is the direction of bending of light in a denser medium
to a less dense medium?
Bent towards the normal
Bent away from the normal
3. What can you say on the relationship between the angle of
incidence (θi) and the angle of refraction (θr)?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Formula derivation from Snell’s
law:
Sample computation using
calculator.
n1 = 1.33 θi = 700
n2 = 1.00 θr = ?
Using scientific calculator, press
the following in order
1 2 3 4
What you need to know.
n2 sinθr
n1 sinθi
n1
n2
θr
=
=
ACTIVITY CARD 6
How much light bends in a medium?
Please check the box to assess your
understanding about the activity.
I still do not understand the activity.
Now, I understand what the activity is all about.
Understanding Check
θi
Sin-1
Sin-1
1
x
sin
7
0
sin
=
answer
=
shif
t1.0
0
1.33 /
In this activity, you will compute the value of angle of incidence applying Snell’s law.
Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) in Physics Makati High School
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The speed of light is different in
almost transparent material. In a vacuum
the speed of light is about 3.0 x 108
m/s.
A measure of the optical density
of a material is its index of refraction (n).
The index of refraction of a material is the
ratio of the speed of light in a vacuum to
its speed in another material. In equation,
Where
C= speed of light in vacuum
V = speed of light in the material
n = index of refraction.
Since the speed of light in vacuum is
always greater than in any
material, the values of the
index of refraction are
always greater than 1.
What you need to know.
n c
v ____ =
ACTIVITY CARD 7 How fast light travels in materials?
Please check the box to assess your
understanding on the activity.
I still do not understand
the activity.
Now, I understand what
the activity is all about.
Light travels at different speed in different media
because of the difference in the index of the materials.
Fill in the table below to determine how fast light travels in
a material using the equation for index of refraction.
Material Index of refraction (n)
Speed of light (v)
Vacuum
1.00
Air
1.0003
Ice
1.31
Water
1.33
Crown glass
1.52
Light flint glass
1.58
zircon
1.93
diamond
2.15
1. Which material does light travel the fastest?
_________________________________________
2. Which material does light travel the slowest?
__________________________________________
3. What is the relationship between the speed of light in the
material to its index of refraction.
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
Understanding Check
In this activity, you will compute the speed of light in different material using the equation for index of refraction.
Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) in Physics Makati High School
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Directions: Fill in the table with the correct value for the unknown quantities. Round off your final answer in
three decimal places for n1 and n2 and round off to whole number the values for angle of incidence (θi )and
angle of refraction(θr ).
n1
n2
Angle of
incidence (θi
Angle of
refraction (θr )
1.333
1.000
300
_______
1.333
1.501
_______
390
1.000
_______
600
410
_______
1.461
500
320
1.000
_______
350
140
1.544
1.333
550
_______
_______
1.523
800
630
1.362
1.000
_______
550
1.309
_______
450
440
_______
1.362
600
790
ACTIVITY CARD 8
In this activity, you will calculate the value of index of refraction, angle of incidence and angle of refraction using Snell’s Law.
Can you do it right?
Derived equations from
the Snell’s law.
n1 =
n2 sin θr
Sin θi
n2 sin θi
Sin θr
n2 Sin θr
n1
n1 Sin θi
n2
n2 =
θi =
θr = Sin -1
Sin -1
What you need to know.
Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) in Physics Makati High School
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Directions: Below is the table of the index of refraction and the speed of light in the material. Plot the data on the graph provided below the table.
1. What does the graph between the index of refraction of the material and the speed of light tells?
2. What happens to the speed of light in the material as the index of refraction increases?
ACTIVITY CARD 9
In this activity, you will determine the relationship of index of refraction, angle of incidence and angle of refraction using Snell’s Law.
Index of refraction
( n )
Speed of light in the material (V)
( x108)
1.31 2.29
1.36 2.21
1.58 1.90
1.66 1.81
1.92 1.56
2.147 1.40
Plot me!
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2
Index of refraction (n) vs. speed of light in the material (v)
Index of refraction (n)
Speed
of ligh
t in th
e material (v)
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Directions: Connect the optical instrument that is being described
ACTIVITY CARD 10
In this activity, you will distinguish the different optical instruments.
What is it?
1. An apparatus for taking photographs, generally consisting of a lightproof enclosure having an aperture with a shuttered lens through which the image of an object is focused and recorded on a photosensitive film, plate, or sensor.
2. A device that throws an enlarged image of a transparency onto a surface above and behind the person using it. Alterations and additions can be made to the material on the transparency while the projector is in use
4. An optical device, such as a pair of field glasses or opera glasses, designed for simultaneous use by both eyes and consisting of two small telescopes joined with a single focusing device.
5. It is a convex lens which is used to produce a magnified image of an object. The lens is usually mounted in a frame with a handle
6. It is an instrument for viewing objects that are too small to be seen by the naked or unaided eye.
3. An optical device in which light from an object is gathered and focused by lenses, with the resulting image magnified by the eyepiece.
7. A machine that makes paper copies of documents and other visual images quickly and cheaply. Most current photocopiers use a technology called xerography, a dry process using heat.
binocular
microscope
Overhead projector
Photocopier
Telescope
camera
Magnifying lens
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What I already know about this page. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What I learned from this page. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What I want to know about this page.
__________________________________________________________________________
air
600
water
1. Draw the refracted ray above with the correct angle.
2. What is the measure of the refracted angle?
____________________________________
____________________________________
3. What is the relationship of the angle of incidence and the
angle of refraction?
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of refraction
The angle of incidence is less than to the angle of refraction
The angle of incidence is greater than the angle of refraction
4. What is the relationship of the index of refraction(n) of the
two media? (air and water)
nair is greater than nwater
nair is equal to nwater
nair is less than nwater
ASSESTMENT CARD 1
Please check the appropriate box.
Much, much more More!
A little.. Nothing.
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Student’s notes
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air
water
1. Draw the refracted ray above with the correct angle.
2. What is the measure of the refracted angle?
42o
45o
50o
3. Determine the relationship of the angle of incidence
and the angle of refraction.
The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of
refraction
The angle of incidence is less than to the angle of
refraction
The angle of incidence is greater than the angle of
refraction
4. What is the relationship of the index of refraction(n) of
the two media? (air and water)
nair is greater than nwater
nair is equal to nwater
nair is less than nwater
ASSESTMENT CARD 2
30o
What I already know about this page. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What I learned from this page. ______________________________________________________________________________ What I want to know about this page. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Please check the appropriate box.
Much, much more More!
A little.. Nothing.
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Condition: n1 > n2
Water
glass
2. Draw the angle of refraction (approximation) in
water-glass interface.
3. Where is the angle of refraction directed?
To the normal line
Away from the normal line
A ray of light strikes a flint glass with index of refraction of 1.58.
What is the speed of light in the material in m/s ? ( c =3 x108 m/s)
Illustration:
Given Formula
Solution:
ASSESTMENT CARD 3
What I already know about this page. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What I learned from this page. ________________________________________________________________________________________________________ What I want to know about this page. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Please check the appropriate box.
Much, much more More!
A little.. Nothing.
How much did I learn?
Student’s notes
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Directions: read each items carefully. Choose the letter of the best answer. Write your answer on the space provided
before each number.
ASSESTMENT CARD 4
__ 1. The higher the density of a material, the ________ a time light has getting through it
a. Harder b. easier c. faster
__ 2. The optical density is also known as the
a. Index of refraction b. index of incidence c. index of refraction
__ 3. The optical density can be found by dividing the speed of light by ________________.
a. The speed of sound
b. The speed of light in the substance
c. The temperature of the substance
__ 4. When a light travels from a more dense material such as glass to a less dense material such as air, the light ray
refracts;
a. In the same direction b. away from the normal line c. towards the normal line
__ 5. The perpendicular to where light hits a substance is called ___________________.
a. The index of refraction b. the angle of refraction c. the normal
__ 6. In most materials, what does the index of refraction depend on
a. Speed b. Frequency c. wavelength
__ 7. What is refraction?
a. When light bounces off another object
b. When light bends at a boundary
c. When light passes through water and continues in straight line.
__ 8. What does “Snell’s Law” state?
a. A ray of light bends in such a way that the ratio of the sine of the angle of incidence to the sine of the angle
of refraction is a constant.
b. That light does not come from the sun
c. That light does come from the sun
__ 9. When light travels slower in an object, the object is more __________________.
a. Optically dense b. Thick c. Thin
___ 10. When a light ray refracts from air to water, the angle of refraction is ________________.
a. Less than the angle of incidence
b. The same as the critical angle
c. More than the angle of incidence
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A.
B.
A ray of light
Optically _________________
medium
Speed ________________
Refracted_________________ normal
θi
θr
Towards the no refraction denser Away from the increases parallel Less dense decreases perpendicular
A ray of light
_____________ to the surface
____________________
_
ENRICHMENT CARD 1
CARD 4 Learning through Diagrams
Fill in the blanks with the correct terms. Refer from the box below for the choices.
Easy
Hard
Alone
With one of my
classmates to work with
Within a group
Alone
What I think about the
things to do..
For this task I want to do it..
water
Illustration A
Illustration B
Glass
Air
air
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ENRICHMENT CARD 2
CARD 4 Concept Mapping
Complete the concept map below by filling up the boxes with the appropriate concepts using the linking words as a guide on how these concepts are related to each other.
CONCEPTS:
Refraction, Light encounters a discontinuity, Light rays to bend either toward or away from its
normal path, the angle of refraction is less than the angle of incidence, a vacuum to air, from air to
glass, from glass to water or other transparent material.
causes
Occurs when hence
Such as when light
travels from
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1. Xena loves skating. One time she skates at the park. While
skating on a cemented way, the right front wheel of her
skateboard went on the grass as shown in the illustration.
A. Which of the four wheel’s of the skateboard slows down first?
_____________________________________________________
B. What will happen to the path of the skateboard?
_____________________________________________________
C. To what direction will it go?
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
2. Nygel went out for Fishing. As he stood on the rock, he saw a
fish near him. ( Refer to the illustration)
How would he aim his spear so he can hit the fish?
a. little higher b. directly c. little bit lower
Answer: ________
Explanation:
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________
Easy
Hard
With one of my
classmates to work with
Within a group
Alone
What I think about the
things to do..
For this task I want to
do it..
Applying Refraction
CARD 4
ENRICHMENT CARD 3
This link will help you understand more
about the topic.
http://hyperphysics.psyastr.gsu/hbase
/geoopt/refr.html
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REFERENCE CARD 1
When light enters a medium of different optical density, the
speed of light is affected. The angle into which light enters the
medium determines whether light is bent. When light enters the
medium parallel to the surface, it is not bent. When light enters the
medium obliquely, it is bent. The bending of a light ray because of the
difference in optical density of the medium is called refraction of
light.
The two laws of refraction are:
The incident ray, the refracted ray and the normal at the point
of incidence all lie in the same plane.
The ratio of sin θi and sin θr is a constant, where θi is the angle
of incidence and θr is the angle of refraction.
Light is not refracted
Light slows down and
refracted towards the normal
Light speeds up and
refracted towards the normal
Angle of incidence (θi) = 900
Please check on the box
After studying the lesson…
I fully understand the
concepts and their
applications.
I partially understand
the concepts and
their applications.
I still do not
understand the
concepts and their
applications.
Self Check
Learn the Basics of Refraction
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REFERENCE CARD 2
CARD 4
More about
Refraction
Snell’s law describes the relationship between the different angles of light as it passes from one transparent medium to another. When light passes from one transparent medium to another, it bends according to Snell's law which states:
,
where: n1 = refractive index of the medium the light is leaving, θ1 = angle of incidence n2 = refractive index of the medium the light is entering,
θ2 = angle of refraction
The refractive index or index of refraction of a substance is a measure of the speed of light in that substance. It is expressed as a ratio of the speed of light in vacuum relative to that in the considered medium. The velocity at which light travels in vacuum is a physical constant, and the fastest speed at which energy or information can be transferred. However, light travels slower through any given material, or medium, that is not vacuum
Refraction of light at the
interface between two media of
different refractive indices, with
n2 > n1. Since the velocity is lower
in the second medium (v2 < v1),
the angle of refraction θ2 is less
than the angle of incidence θ1;
that is, the ray in the higher-
index medium is closer to the
normal.
References:
Faughn/Serway, Serway’s College Physics,
The Thomson Learning, 2006.
Hewitt Paul G., Conceptual Physics, Third Edition, Addison-
Wesles Publishing Company, 1997
Bentilio, Eulalia N. et. al., Science and Technology Textbook
for Fourth Year, Book Media Press Inc. 1992
Physics.bu.edu/py106/notes/refraction/html
www.physicsclassroom.com
www.physicsapplets.com
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index#cite_note-0
Please check on the box
After studying the lesson…
I fully understand the
concepts and their
applications.
I partially understand
the concepts and
their applications.
I still do not understand
the concepts and
their applications
Self Check
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CHECK YOUR ANSWER
ACTIVITY CARD 1
Illustration
1. The part of the pencil emerged in water seems to be enlarged.
2. The difference in the optical density of air and water causes the
portion of the pencil emerged in water to be enlarged.
ACTIVITY CARD 1A
1 Light slows down after as it enters the air water interface.
ACTIVITY CARD 2
1. The pencil seemed broken when emerged in water.
2. The change in speed of light from air-water interface caused the
light to be refracted. As a result the pencil seemed broken.
ACTIVITY CARD 2A
1. Light is bent as it enters obliquely from air to water.
Write the answer on the space
provided.
Answers I get
correctly….
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
________________________
Answers I didn’t get correctly
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
I still need more explanation
about….
_________________________
_________________________
_________________________
________________________
________________________
Student’s Note
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CHECK YOUR ANSWER
ACTIVITY CARD 3
1. a) A – incident ray
E – refracted ray
B – normal line
C. Angle of incidence
D – Angle of refraction
ACTIVITY CARD 4
1. The angle of incidence is GREATER than the angle of
refraction.
2. The angle of incidence is LESS than the angle of refraction.
ACTIVITY CARD 5
Condition: n1 < n2
n1 (air) n2 (water) θi θr
1 1.00 1.33 200 15O
2 1.00 1.33 300 23O
3 1.00 1.33 500 350
4 1.00 1.33 650 430
1. The angle of refraction increases as the angle of incidence is
increased.
2. The angle of incidence is directly proportional to the angle of
refraction.
3. Light bends away to the normal line.
2.b) B – incident ray
D – refracted ray
E – Normal line
A – angle of incidence
C – angle of refraction
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15 23 35 43
15 30 50 65
Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) in Physics Makati High School
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CHECK YOUR ANSWER
ACTIVITY CARD 6
Condition: n1 > n2
n1 (water) n2 (air) θi θr
1 1.33 1.00 290C 400
2 1.33 1.00 220C 300
3 1.33 1.00 150C 200
4 1.33 1.00 50C 100
1. The angle of refraction increases
2. Bent away from the normal
3. The angle of incidence is directly proportional to the angle of
refraction.
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Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) in Physics Makati High School
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ACTIVITY CARD 7
Material Index of refraction (n)
Speed of light (v)
Vacuum
1.00
3.0 x 108 m/s
Air
1.0003
2.999x108 m/s
Ice
1.31
2.29 x 108 m/s
Water
1.33
2.26 x 108 m/s
Crown glass
1.52
1.97 x 108 m/s
Light flint glass
1.58
1.90 x 108 m/s
zircon
1.93
1.55 x 108 m/s
diamond
2.15
1.39 x 108 m/s
1. Vacuum
2. Diamond
3. The higher the index of refraction, the slower light travels in
the material
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ACTIVITY CARD 8
1. 4200 6. 72O
2. 45 7. 1.680
3. 1.34 8. 340
4. 2.11 9. 2.11
5. 2.37 10. 1.54
.
ACTIVITY CARD 10
1. Camera
2. Overhead projector
3. Magnifying glass
4. Binocular
5. Telescope
6. Microscope
7. Photocopier
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2.4
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.2
Index of refraction (n)
Speed
of ligh
t in th
e material (v)
Index of refraction (n)
+ +
+ +
+
+
Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) in Physics Makati High School
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ASSESTMENT CARD 1
1.
2. 410
3. The angle of incidence is less than the angle of refraction.
4. n air is less than n water
ASSESTMENT CARD 2
2. 400
3. The angle of incidence is less than the angle of refraction.
4. n air is less than nwater
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600
410
450
300
Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) in Physics Makati High School
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ASSESTMENT CARD 3
1. Given: nglass = 1.58,
c= 3x108 m/s
Solution:
V = 3.0 x 108 m/s
1.58
2.
3. Away from the normal
ASSESTMENT 4
1. A
2. A
3. B
4. B
5. C
6. A
7. B
8. A
9. A
10. A
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water
glass
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CONCEPTS:
Refraction, Light encounters a discontinuity, Light rays to bend either toward or away from its
normal path, the angle of refraction is less than the angle of incidence, a vacuum to air, from air to
glass, from glass to water or other transparent material.
REFRACTION
LIGHT RAYS BEND EITHER TOWARD
OR AWAY FROM ITS NORMAL PATH
LIGHT ENCOUNTERS A
DISCONTINUITY
A VACUUM TO AIR, FROM AIR TO
GLASS, FROM GLASS TO WATER OR
OTHER TRANSPARENT MATERIAL
THE ANGLE OF REFRACTION IS LESS
THAN THE ANGLE OF INCIDENCE
causes
Occurs when hence
Such as when light
travels from
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Strategic Intervention Material (SIM) in Physics Makati High School
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= 1.90 x 108 m/s
ENRICHMENT CARD 1
A.
B.
ENRICHMENT CARD 2
1. A. The front right wheel slows down first.
B. The skateboard will change course.
C. It will go right ward.
2. Little bit lower
Explanation:
Because of refraction, the fish appears to be higher than its
actual location. So aiming the spear little bit lower than what you
actually see it will make you hit the fish.
A ray of light
Optically denser medium
Refracted away from the normal
Speed increases
A ray of light
Perpendicularly to the surface
No refraction
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