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Page 1: SignS of the end timeS - Bible Witness Media Ministrybiblewitness.com/resources/magazines/Vol04_Iss05.pdf · SignS of the end timeS Days of Lot and Sodom: An End Time Sign of Immorality
Page 2: SignS of the end timeS - Bible Witness Media Ministrybiblewitness.com/resources/magazines/Vol04_Iss05.pdf · SignS of the end timeS Days of Lot and Sodom: An End Time Sign of Immorality

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USE OF ARTICLESThe articles may be freely used for non-commercial purposes, so long as they are quoted exactly, and the writer as well as the source identified.

EditorPrabhudas Koshy

Publishing & CirculationCo-ordinatorLok Kwok Wah

Technical EditorsAdrienne Foo, Carolyn Koshy, Ivy Chia,

Jenny Lok, Lok Kwok Wah, Mah Lean Choo

Cover DesignPirapong See

LayoutKenneth Wong

IllustrationsSharon Ng

PublisherBible Witness Literature Ministry of

Gethsemane Bible-Presbyterian Church,Singapore

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Contact InformationBy mail:

Bible Witness Literature Ministry510 Geylang Road, #02-06

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Tel: (65) 6741-1910 Fax: (65) 6741-1016

Web-site: www.biblewitness.com

E-mail: [email protected]

SignS of the end timeS

Days of Lot and Sodom: An End Time Sign of Immorality

Iniquity and Apostasy: End Time Signs from 2 Thess. 2:1-12

Wars and Rumours of Wars: An End Time Sign Right Before Our Eyes

Challenges to Christian Living: An End Time Perspective

Fearful Days: An End Time Experience

Youth’S PAge

Neo-Darwinism: Is there a Mechanism for Macroevolution?

Believers’ Thanksgiving

Children’S PAge

Bible Trivia - Genesis 5 & 6

Word Search - Genesis 5 & 6

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ContentS

Writers, other than the editor, are acknowledged in their respective articles.

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Global Sexplosion Rages On

Four thousand years ago, “... the LORD rained ... brimstone and fire ... out of heaven; and ... overthrew those cities, and all the plain, and all the inhabitants of the cities ...” (Genesis 19:24, 25). That put a stop to the sexplosion in Sodom and Gomorrah, and the men of Sodom who had “ ... compassed the house ... both old and young, all the people from every quarter ...” – those Sodomites who had gathered for a “gang rape” (Genesis 19:4) which was not to be.

Today, the gay movement has left the shores of the Dead Sea, and spread in epidemic proportions to every capital city of the globe. Annual Mardi Gras parades in San Francisco, New York and Sydney, and releases the gay and lesbian armies by their thousands, demanding recognition and rights. Everywhere, this unnatural perversion of the physiological function proliferates like wild fire.

But this is only the tip of the iceberg of sexual liberalization which has swept around the world in the last half century. The relentless march of urbanization and modernization, the crumbling of age old traditions of modesty and chastity, the supremacy of the Hollywood culture – aided by the IT revolution, telephone and television, internet, and the ease of global communication and air travel – have culminated in the return of the days of Sodom and Lot, which sound alarm bells for the initiated.

God’s Word Said It, Plain and Simple

In the midst of the ethical confusion and moral breakdown, comes one clear siren warning from God’s Word: “Likewise also as it was in the days of Lot; they did eat, they drank, they bought, they sold, they planted, they builded; but the same day that Lot went out of Sodom it rained fire and brimstone from heaven, and destroyed them all. Even thus shall it be in the day when the Son of man is revealed” (Luke 17:28-30).

If the days of Lot are here, can the Son of man be far behind?

God’s patient tolerance is not without limit; neither is it a sign of approval in weakness. Our God is, “... longsuffering to us-ward, not willing that any should perish, but that all should come to repentance” (2 Peter 3:9). God never approves of sin, and He never will. Sodomy was an abomination four thousand years ago. It is no different today, even if the majority vote for it. Truth and morality do not come by popular vote.

We are reminded that once upon a time God judged those arrogant sinners, “And turning the cities of Sodom and Gomorrha into ashes condemned them with an overthrow, making them an ensample unto those that after should live ungodly; and delivered just Lot, vexed with the filthy conversation of the wicked: (For that righteous man

Days of Lot and Sodom:An End Time Sign of Immorality

Tow Siang Hwa

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dwelling among them, in seeing and hearing, vexed his righteous soul from day to day with their unlawful deeds;) The Lord knoweth how to deliver the godly out of temptations, and to reserve the unjust unto the day of judgment to be punished” (2 Peter 2:6-9).

God is patient, allowing sinners time to repent, but His judgment will come at last, for sure.

What Then Must We Do?

What does the Church of God say to all this? The mainline establishment of Christendom had long ago capitulated to the god of this world and become the citadel of unbridled illicit sex and the filth of the flesh. Only God’s remnant few, the “... seven thousand in Israel, all the knees which have not bowed unto Baal...” (1 Kings 19:18), remain faithful in Bible-believing churches scattered here and there in isolated parts of the world.

My question to the reader: Are you one of the seven thousand? Can you say, like Elijah, “I have been very jealous for the LORD God of hosts: because the children of Israel have forsaken thy covenant, thrown down thine altars...” (1 Kings 19:14)?

Today, like the children of Israel in Elijah’s day, many in the churches have forsaken God’s covenant and thrown down His altars, and bowed their knees to the seduction of the

flesh and the Baal of Hollywood.Foreseeing this, the Apostle John wrote, “Love not the world, neither the things that are in the world. If any man love the world, the love of the Father is not in him. For all that is in the world, the lust of the flesh, and the lust of the eyes, and the pride of life, is not of the Father, but is of the world. And the world passeth away, and the lust thereof: but he that doeth the will of God abideth for ever” (1 John 2:15-17).

What is the Remedy to the Present Moral Decadence?

“If my people, which are called by my name, shall humble themselves, and pray, and seek my face, and turn from their wicked ways; then will I hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin, and will heal their land” (2 Chronicles 7:14).

God’s Word says it; again it is plain and simple. The prescription by the Physician of souls is clear, but will the patient accept it? Are you prepared to humble yourself, and pray, and seek the Lord, and turn from your wicked ways? The Lord patiently awaits our response, with promise of healing of our land.

Warning signs are flashing: the Lord’s return draws near. Judgment is on the way. “Return, my people, return! Forsake the filth of the world, the lust of the flesh and the lust of the eyes, and turn to the Lord of our salvation now, before the trumpet sounds.”

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The Lord Jesus Christ is coming back real soon. The “mystery of iniquity”

is already at work (2 Thessalonians 2:7). “The day of Christ is at hand” (2 Thessalonians 2:2). What must happen before Christ returns?

The Coming of the Antichrist

From 2 Thessalonians 2:1-12, we discover that the Second Coming of Christ will be preceded by the coming of the Antichrist. The word, “coming” (Greek: parousia), occurs twice in these twelve verses: the first time in verse 1: “the parousia of our Lord Jesus Christ,” and the second in verse 9 which talks about the parousia of the Wicked one (cf. verse 8).

Rebellion: God-rejecting Apostasy (v. 3)

Before Christ returns, there will be “a falling away first” (v. 3). The words, “falling away,” come from the Greek apostasia (literary to stand away from). It speaks of a rebellion against the Standard, the Truth, or the Law of God.

Now, who are the rebels, and against whom or what are they rebelling? Jesus reveals who they are in Matthew 24:10-13, “And then shall many be offended, and shall betray one another, and shall hate one another. And many false prophets shall rise, and shall deceive many. And because iniquity shall abound, the love of many shall wax cold. But he that shall endure unto the end, the same shall be saved.” In other

words, those who fall away are those who call themselves “Christians.” By and large, the visible church in the last days will forsake the Faith. These people who profess to be Christians were never regenerated in the first place. They do not have true faith.

Who are they? Well, they would be those who say: “I believe that Jesus Christ can bring me to heaven, but I also believe that I can get to heaven if I believe in other gods.” “I believe in Jesus Christ, but he is only a man, not God.” “I am a Christian, but I am also homosexual.” Paul describes them in verse 10: “they received not the love of the truth, that they might be saved;” and verse 12: “who believed not the truth, but had pleasure in unrighteousness.”

Judgment: God-sent Delusion (v. 11)

This apostasy begets judgment. God’s wrath will be poured out. And since they stubbornly and repeatedly choose to reject God’s Truth, God gives them up (1) to uncleanness, (2) to vile affections, and (3) to a reprobate mind (Romans 1:24-28). This is judicial hardening or blinding.

Now, please understand that it is not God that sends the lie. God is not a liar, and does not deceive. We understand this under the permissive will of God—since they desire to believe in Satan’s lie, and be deceived, God allows them thus to be.

Iniquity and Apostasy:End Time Signs from 2 Thessalonians 2:1-12

Jeffrey Khoo

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The end result will be condemnation (v. 12). There will be a dividing of the sheep and the goats, the wheat and the tares. Those who have not truly believed in the Lord will apostasise and be condemned. True believers will never be lost—God will keep them to the very end. But let us check ourselves: Are we truly saved? Have we sincerely and truthfully believed in the Lord Jesus Christ?

The Reign of Lawlessness (v. 7)

The word, “lawless,” occurs three times here: in verse 3, we read of the man of sin or lawlessness; in verse 7, the mystery of iniquity or lawlessness; and in verse 8, the Wicked or Lawless one. First, let us deal with the person of lawlessness.

Person of Lawlessness (v. 3)

He is called, in verse 3, the man of sin, and in verse 8, the Wicked one. In verse 3, he is also called the son of perdition. This same term was used in John 17:12 of Judas Iscariot who betrayed the Lord. From this, we see that the man of sin is (1) an individual or a person, not an institution, a nation, a force or an influence; (2) like Judas—someone who professes Christ but in all his deeds he undermines the Lord and works against Him; i.e., he is an Apostate (with a capital A); and (3) in verse 4, he is described as one who “opposeth” Christ. He is the Antichrist (i.e., Counter-Christ): he wants to take the place of Christ, to usurp Him as Lord and King. He possesses the Satanic ambition to be God Himself (cf. Isaiah 14; Ezekiel 28).

In verse 8, we are told that this particular Satanically-inspired person will be revealed. This Antichrist will imitate the coming of Christ. He will probably identify himself as the

Christ, the Messiah, the Saviour, and deceive many. “You are looking for your coming Saviour, I am he,” he will say. That is why Jesus warned us, “Take heed that no man deceive you. For many shall come in my name, saying, I am Christ; and shall deceive many” (Matthew 24:4-5).

How will the Antichrist capture the allegiance and adoration of the whole world? In verse 9, we are told that his coming is “after the working of Satan with all power and signs and lying wonders.” He will be empowered by Satan to perform deceptive miracles. I cannot help but think that today’s Charismatic miracle workers like Benny Hinn with all their signs and wonders are preparing the false church to receive this false Christ. Be careful, Christian, don’t be deceived. Know the truth and love the truth that you might be saved (v. 10).

Jesus Christ will not return until the Antichrist is revealed.

Principle of Lawlessness (v. 7)

“I do not see the Antichrist to be here yet. So I can still enjoy myself, do what I like, since Christ’s coming is nowhere near.” Paul warns those who think in this way in verses 5-6. Do not be presumptuous, the Antichrist can appear at any time. For although the person of lawlessness has not yet come, the principle of lawlessness is already at work (v. 7). In other words, this work of opposing Christ and His Church is already going on. For instance, the Thessalonian Church was already undergoing persecutions and tribulations (2 Thessalonians 1:4). 1 John 2:18 tells us, “Little children, it is the last time: and as ye have heard that antichrist shall come, even now are there many antichrists; whereby

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we know that it is the last time.” There are many antichrists present in the world today. Satan will spare no effort to destroy or corrupt the Word of God, to hinder the Church from preaching the Gospel, to attack God’s servants and His saints. So we must be ever diligent in preaching the Gospel, and ever vigilant in defending the Faith.

The Restrainer

What prevents the Antichrist from appearing right now is the work of the Restrainer. Verse 6, “And now ye know what withholdeth that he might be revealed in his time,” and verse 7b, “only he who now letteth will let, until he be taken out of the way.”

Who or what is this Restrainer? It is difficult to identify who or what the Restrainer is. There are many views: the Law of God, the Archangel Michael, the Holy Spirit, etc. I do not have the answer.

The popular view is that it is the Holy Spirit. The Holy Spirit is presently doing this work of convicting the world of sin, of righteousness, of judgment (John 16:8). He is not only active in the Church, but also in the world in restraining evil, from letting evil run amok. Come to think of it, it is not just the Spirit, but also the

Word of God, and the Lord’s angels, etc. that are doing the restraining work. So it could be a combination of these. So once the Lord withdraws His restraining hand, this sin-cursed world will take its natural course, and wickedness will reach its height with the Wicked one leading the way.

Conclusion

There will be two comings: the coming of Christ, and the coming of the Antichrist. The Antichrist will first come before Christ returns. And when Christ returns, He will destroy all His enemies by “the spirit of his mouth,” and “the brightness of his coming” (v. 8).

For which coming are you waiting? Whose side are you on? Christ or Antichrist? May you be found on the Lord’s side, for it is the winning side. Those who attack our Perfect God and His Perfect Word today are on the losing side. “And for this cause God shall send them strong delusion, that they should believe a lie: that they all might be damned who believed not the truth, but had pleasure in unrighteousness” (vv. 11-12).

If you are still not a Christian, I plead with you, dear reader, to believe in Jesus Christ, and you will be saved.

Rev. Dr. Tow Siang HwaSenior Pastor of Calvary

Pandan B-P Church

CAlvArY PAndAn B-P ChurChSunday Worship at 10:15 am

201 Pandan GardensSingapore 609337

Website: www.calvarybp.com

Rev. Dr. Jeffrey KhooAcademic Dean of Far Eastern Bible College

true life B-P ChurChPastor: Rev. Dr. Timothy TowSunday Worship at 10:30 am

RELC Auditorium30 Orange Grove Road

Singapore 258352

ConTribuTorS of ArTiClES

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People often think the world is

going to get better with the appointment of new politicians in governments or the forming of new organizations and committees for world peace. But the Bible is clear that in the end times, the world will be full of wars and rumours of wars. There will be big wars, small wars, ethnic wars, and wars of all sorts. The world is going to see an escalating violence for Jesus said, “And ye shall hear of wars and rumours of wars: see that ye be not troubled: for all these things must come to pass, but the end is not yet. For nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom” (Matthew 24:6-7a).

Nowadays, the world wakes up to rumours and reports of war every morning. Every nation on earth is filled with fear of war. Even our tiny nation, Singapore, which has always been a peaceful nation, wakes up every day to reminders of real threats of

terrorism. The preparation to thwart and to deal with any such terrorist attack cannot go unnoticed; they are seen in the streets, in shopping centres, in entertainment facilities, in schools, etc. The enemy is hard to spot, yet the threat of massive destruction and death is all too plain. A vigilant government, police and military are so crucial for every country.

World War I was often referred to as “The War to End All Wars.” But, the years following 1918 saw more wars than all the wars ever fought before. How about the purported end of “the Cold War” in 1989 that apparently brought an end to the terrible nuclear stand-off between the two superpowers, U.S.A. and the former Soviet Union?

We often hear grisly rumours about the threats emerging out of the end of the Cold War. The ‘crumbs’ falling off the nuclear ‘tables’ of the old Soviet Union are being picked up by rouge states, arms traders and terrorists. Alexander Lebed, the former Russian security chief, alleged that some 80 atomic demolition munitions (ADMs) from the former Soviet arsenal, developed for the KGB in the 1970s, had vanished since the collapse of the Soviet Union. He made these allegations, according to media reports, in a closed

Wars and Rumours of Wars:An End Time Sign Right Before Our Eyes

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door meeting with a U.S. congressional delegation in May 1997. Three months later, Lebed repeated his charges in an interview with the CBS newsmagazine, 60 Minutes. When Lebed’s charges were broadcast, top-ranking Russian defence officials publicly denied them. However, Lebed’s charges about missing ADMs were backed up by a former advisor to President Yeltsin, Aleksey Yablokov. And adding more fuel to the fire, there are rumours everywhere that Osama bin Laden has acquired portable nuclear devices known as “nuclear suitcase bombs” through Chechnya. Rumours of wars!

Aren’t we also aware of the threats of bioterrorism? It is the use or threatened use of microorganisms or toxins to produce disease and/or death in humans, animals or plants. Bioterrorists undertake such actions to create fear and intimidate governments and people. Bioterrorism is insidious because biological agents are hard to detect upon covert release; they are nondiscriminate killers. Unlike conventional weapons, bioweapons are a relatively inexpensive means of eradicating people from an environment

while preserving structures. It is widely believed that 15 or more nations have offensive bioweapons programmes. With the collapse of the Soviet Union and the economic instability that ensued, the possibility exists that their research into weaponizing bioagents has been sold to terrorists.

The gravity of these reports can hardly be overstated. The implications of having such weaponry in the hands of terrorists can be perilous. We can be sure that all governments around the world are carefully monitoring the movements of all such arms trades. But it is impossible, as the Bible warns us, for any one to put a stop to the escalating terror of war.

Since the Al-Qaeda’s attack on the twin towers of America on 11th September 2001, big and small wars have been flaring up everywhere. Immediately after the war began in Afghanistan to destroy the Taliban and Al-Qaeda, there were terrorist attacks in Pakistan, India, the Philippines, Indonesia, Thailand, Spain, Sudan, Kenya and many other nations. Just a couple of years ago, by the grace of God, the vigilant government of Singapore thwarted a deadly plot by the JI terrorists in Singapore.

Flashes of the fearsome war waged against Iraq’s tyrant ruler, Saddam Hussein, who had killed thousands of people in Iraq, continue to play on the minds of many people. In that war, thousands lost their lives. Did the capture of Saddam Hussein end all the conflicts in Iraq? Now, the U.S. and allies are fighting other forces in the same land. When will it all end? How many more new wars and terrorist attacks will this Iraq conflict set ablaze? If we take seriously the recent history of wars as part of the fulfilment of Biblical end time prophecy, we can expect more small and big wars to come.

The International Red Cross estimated that in the 20th century, more than 100 million people were killed in wars. Thus, we can be very sure this 21st century will see a lot more deaths in war than the past centuries. Every nation on earth is facing the threats of intra-national and international warfare. Consider the following compilation of the current “major” and “minor” wars, though some of them appear to be dormant. This list is by no means exhaustive.

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Algerian Civil War

Burundi Civil War: The Tutsi-dominated government is fighting Hutu rebels, who use Congo as their base.

Chad-Central African Republic Border Conflict

Congolese War in Congo: This is a regional war. Estimates put the number of dead in this war at over one million, mostly civilians. Congolese rebels, backed by Rwanda, Uganda

and Burundi, seek the overthrow of President Kabila who is supported by the armies of Angola, Zimbabwe and Namibia.

Ivory Coast Civil War

Liberian Civil War

Namibia’s Caprivi Uprising

Oromo Rebellion in Ethiopia

Rwandan Civil War: Before losing power, the Hutu rulers and their

militia massacred over half a million people. The Hutus now conduct a guerrilla war.

Sudanese Civil War: According to recent U.S. government analysis, this war has become genocide. The U.N. reports that 50,000 people have already died in Darfur.

Somali Civil War

Ugandan Civil War

Wars in Africa:

major and minor Wars Currently fought Around the WorldWars in Asia:

Afghan War: Part of America’s worldwide war on terrorism.

Burma (Myanmar) Civil War: The longest and very complex civil war.

China-Japan Conflict: Japan’s suspicion of China that it is secretly planning for an attack on Japan, exacerbated by recent intrusion of China’s nuclear submarine into Japan’s waters.

India’s Conflicts: (i) Kashmir Conflict, (ii) Hindu-Muslim Sectarian Violence, which claimed thousands of lives, (iii) Ethnic Conflicts: Naga Rebellion, Mizo Rebellion, Tripura Rebellion, Assam Rebellion, etc., and (iv) Naxalite

Guerrilla War in the states of Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Orissa and Madhya Pradesh.

Indonesia’s Conflicts: (i) West Papua Rebellion, (ii) Aceh Rebellion, (iii) Ambon Ethnic Violence, and (iv) Sulawesi Sectarian Violence.

Nepal Civil War: Maoist guerrillas seek to overthrow the Nepal monarchy.

North Korean Conflicts: North Korea’s nuclear threats against South Korea, Japan and their allies. Currently, the world is nervously watching North Korea.

Philippines Conflicts: (i) Muslim rebellion in the southern Philippines led by the Abu Sayyaf Group,

which is linked to Osama bin Laden’s Al-Qaeda, and (ii) New People’s Army Rebellion: The Communist New People’s Army (along with the rival Alex Boncayao Brigade [ABB]) is attempting to overthrow the Philippine government and install a Marxist regime.

Sri Lankan Civil War: Sri Lanka’s civil war is due to problems between the Tamil minority and the Sinhalese majority. Over 70,000 deaths have resulted from this war.

Thailand Government’s Conflict with the Muslims in the South

Taiwan-China Conflict

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Wars in europe:

Wars in the middle-east:

Basque Separatist’s (ETA) Revolt in Spain

Chechnyean War (Russia)

Northern Ireland’s Conflict: A very long series of conflicts between the Catholic terrorist

group known as IRA and a Protestant majority loyal to London.

Al-Aqsa Intifada: Israeli-Palestinian Conflict.

Iranian Mujahadeen Khalq Guerrilla War: After the Iranian Revolution in 1979 toppled the government of the Shah, the Mujahadeen Khalq soon began a bloody guerrilla war against the new Islamic government. The Mujahadeen are currently based in Iraq and conduct cross-border raids into Iran, as well as conducting urban

guerrilla operations in the cities and conducting political assassinations.

Iran’s Nuclear Programme: Perceived by the U.S. and others as a nuclear weapon development programme; and thus creating a high risk political situation that can explode into a war.

Israel and Syria in Lebanon: On 10th January 2003, Israeli troops shot and killed one Syrian soldier

and captured another in an apparent attempt by the Syrian soldiers to infiltrate across the border into the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights.

Iraq-Coalition Conflict: Presently, U.S. army is on the offensive against the insurgents in Fallujah.

Kurdish rebellion in Iraq and Turkey

Colombian Civil War: Marxist guerrillas began a Cuban-inspired insurgency in the 1960s, which is now strengthened by their de facto alliance with narcotics-producing crime cartels.

U.S.A.’s World War Against Terrorism: Officially beginning 7th October 2001, this American-led crusade

against Al-Qaeda thus far involves: the campaign against Al-Qaeda and the Taliban in Afghanistan, the search by U.S. and Pakistani forces for Al-Qaeda fighters in Pakistan, the deployment of U.S. special forces to aid government forces in the Philippines to battle the Abu Sayyaf guerrillas on the southern Philippine island of

Bamiyan, the deployment of U.S. special forces to Yemen to train and aid government forces dealing with rural tribes possibly allies of Al-Qaeda, and the deployment of U.S. special forces to the Republic of Georgia to train and aid government forces against rebels. Other unannounced military, paramilitary and covert missions.

Wars in the Americas:

mammoth expenses for PeacekeepingPeace efforts are all over the world, to bring an end to conflicts and rumours of wars. In the process of resolving wars, enormous number of personnel and

huge amount of money are sacrificed. To help us to understand the kind of effort and expenses, we will look at the United Nations’ peace efforts,

which cost them billions of dollars and thousands of people. Consider this information from the U.N.’s website:

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Even with such relentless peace efforts made by the U.N. and other organizations, all sorts of conflicts, violence and wars are increasingly becoming unstoppable. Is it not a wake-up call to all of us to realise that the Lord’s prophecies of the end time signs are coming to pass? As media reports on wars and terrorism become all too common, there is a tendency not to pay heed to them. Nonetheless, we must not become spiritually lethargic and be unaware of the Lord’s impending return. Be prepared. Our Lord is coming soon.

Rev. Prabhudas Koshy (Editor)Pastor of Gethsemane B-P Church

gethSemAne B-P ChurChSunday Worship at 9:30 am

10 Eunos Road 8, #05-31Singapore Post Centre

Singapore 408600Website:

www.gethsemanebpc.com

Dr. Vincent ChiaA medical doctor by profession,

and a member of Gethsemane B-P Church.

Preacher Tan Kian SingBerean B-P Church

BereAn B-P ChurChSunday Worship at 10:30 am

4 Mount Emily RoadSingapore 228484mailing Address:Block 130, #10-1347

Bedok Reservoir RoadSingapore 470130

Website: www.bereanbpc.com

PersonnelMilitary personnel and civilian police serving in peacekeeping operations on 30th September 2004 62,289

Countries contributing military personnel and civilian police on 30th September 2004 102

International civilian personnel on 30th September 2004 3,896

Local civilian personnel on 30th September 2004 7,228

Total number of fatalities in peacekeeping operations since 1948 as of 30th September 2004 1,846

financial AspectsApproved budgets for the period from 1st July 2004 to 30th June 2005

About $2.96 billion

Estimated total cost of operations from 1948 to 30th June 2004

About $31.54 billion

Outstanding contributions to peacekeeping on 30th September 2004

About $2.65 billion

ConTribuTorS of ArTiClES

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In 1 Thessalonians, the Apostle Paul comforted the persecuted and afflicted Thessalonian

Christians by reminding them of the hope of the return of Christ. He encouraged them to be prepared at all times, for the Lord Jesus Christ could return at any moment. But some in the church had misinterpreted and misapplied Paul’s proclamation that Christ could come at any moment. They became lazy and disorderly in the church with the excuse of waiting for Christ’s return.

Today, more than 2,000 years later, we see that Christ’s return is even nearer. But it would be wrong if we take advantage of the Lord’s imminent appearance as an excuse for idle waiting and doing nothing but just gazing heavenward.

The Word of God has given us many challenges on how we should live in the light of Christ’s return.

Firstly, let us hold fast to our faith and forsake not the gathering with other fellow saints. The writer of Hebrews 10:23-25 exhorts, “Let us hold fast the profession of our faith without wavering; (for he is faithful that promised;) and let us consider one another to provoke unto love and to good works: not forsaking the assembling of ourselves together, as the manner of some is; but exhorting one another: and so much the more, as ye see the day approaching.” Are you holding fast your faith? If you do, you will be able to say on that day like the Apostle Paul in Philippians 2:16 – “Holding forth the word of life; that I may rejoice in the day of Christ, that I have not run in vain, neither

laboured in vain.” Let every Christian bear the testimony of Paul in Titus 1:9 – “Holding fast the faithful word as he hath been taught, that he may be able by sound doctrine both to exhort and to convince the gainsayers.” {gainsayer: one who speaks against something or someone}. In 1 Timothy 4:1, Paul warns, “Now the Spirit speaketh expressly, that in the latter times some shall depart from the faith, giving heed to seducing spirits, and doctrines of devils.”

Let us therefore take heed of God’s Word that we may not fail to stand firm on our faith: 1 Thessalonians 5:21 – “Prove all things; hold fast that which is good.” 2 Thessalonians 2:15 – “Therefore, brethren, stand fast, and hold the traditions which ye have been taught, whether by word, or our epistle.” 2 Timothy 1:13 – “Hold fast the form of sound words, which thou hast heard of me, in faith and love which is in Christ Jesus.” Jude 3 – “Beloved, when I gave all diligence to write unto you of the common salvation, it was needful for me to write unto you, and exhort you that ye should earnestly contend for the faith which was once delivered unto the saints.”

Till the Lord comes again, this is what He wants us to do: to hold fast our faith in Him (Revelation 2:25 – “But that which ye have already hold fast till I come.” Revelation 3:3 – “Remember therefore how thou hast received and heard, and hold fast, and repent. If therefore thou shalt not watch, I will come on thee as a thief, and thou shalt not know what hour I will come upon thee.” Revelation 3:11 – “Behold, I come quickly: hold that fast which thou hast, that no man take thy crown.”).

Challenges To Christian Living:An End Time Perspective

Tan Kian Sing

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But how are you to hold fast your faith unless you gather together to build up one another? Let us be challenged to attend all the church activities regularly. We need to come together as often as we can so that we can exhort one another in the faith and in doing good works (Hebrews 3:13 – “But exhort one another daily, while it is called To day; lest any of you be hardened through the deceitfulness of sin.”).

Secondly, we are also to observe the Lord’s Supper with the Lord’s return in mind (1 Corinthians 11:26 – “For as often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew the Lord’s death till he come.”). Do you miss the Lord’s Supper regularly? Note that each time you miss partaking the Holy Communion, you violate the commandments to assemble ourselves together, to remember the Lord’s death in saving us, and to testify the Lord’s coming again.

A third challenge is to be patient as we wait for the Lord’s return (James 5:7-8 – “Be patient therefore, brethren, unto the coming of the Lord. Behold, the husbandman waiteth for the precious fruit of the earth, and hath long patience for it, until he receive the early and latter rain. Be ye also patient; stablish your hearts: for the coming of the Lord draweth nigh.”). James further exhorts in James 5:10-11 – “Take, my brethren, the prophets, who have spoken in the name of the Lord, for an example of suffering affliction, and of patience. Behold, we count them happy which endure. Ye have heard of the patience of Job, and have seen the end of the Lord; that the Lord is very pitiful, and of tender mercy.” Poor righteous Job, though he suffered much, he endured and held fast to his faith in the Lord (Job 27:6 – “My righteousness I hold fast, and will not let it go: my heart shall not reproach me so long as I live.”).

Fourthly, we need to live separated lives. The Apostle John admonishes in his epistle, 1 John 3:2-3, “Beloved, now are

we the sons of God, and it doth not yet appear what we shall be: but we know that, when he shall appear, we shall be like him; for we shall see him as he is. And every man that hath this hope in him purifieth himself, even as he is pure.” John further instructs in 1 John 2:28 – “And now, little children, abide in him; that, when he shall appear, we may have confidence, and not be ashamed before him at his coming.”

Fifthly, let us be concerned with heaven. The Apostle Paul writes: “If ye then be risen with Christ, seek those things which are above, where Christ sitteth on the right hand of God. Set your affection on things above, not on things on the earth. For ye are dead, and your life is hid with Christ in God. When Christ, who is our life, shall appear, then shall ye also appear with him in glory” (Colossians 3:1-4).

Sixthly, Christians are to preach the Word and win souls as they wait and watch for the Lord’s return. The charge is in 2 Timothy 4:1-2: “I charge thee therefore before God, and the Lord Jesus Christ, who shall judge the quick and the dead at his appearing and his kingdom; preach the word; be instant in season, out of season; reprove, rebuke, exhort with all longsuffering and doctrine.” Jude admonishes in Jude 21-23 – “Keep yourselves in the love of God, looking for the mercy of our Lord Jesus Christ unto eternal life. And of some have compassion, making a difference: and others save with fear, pulling them out of the fire; hating even the garment spotted by the flesh.”

Indeed, we need to keep working while watching and waiting for the Lord’s return. Being prepared for Christ’s coming again is to be occupied till He comes. We need to build up one another in the faith and to spread the Gospel. Let us live responsibly for the Lord until the day He returns, and we shall appear with Him blameless.

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Jesus repeatedly tells us that terror and fear will grip the hearts of the people in the days that lead

to the end of the world. “But when ye shall hear of wars and commotions, be not terrified: for these things must first come to pass; but the end is not by and by. Then said he unto them, Nation shall rise against nation, and kingdom against kingdom: and great earthquakes shall be in divers places, and famines, and pestilences; and fearful sights and great signs shall there be from heaven” (Luke 21:9-11). He also said, “Men’s hearts failing them for fear, and for looking after those things which are coming on the earth: for the powers of heaven shall be shaken” (Luke 21:26).

A former U.S. President, F.D. Roosevelt, in an address to Congress in 1941, said that one of our essential human freedoms is the freedom from fear. Since then, much is said and done to get fear out of human minds. Though this is a good and just cause, it is an utter impossibility. The events of our times only aggravate the sense of fear in human hearts. Whether it be terrorism, or wars, or pestilences, or natural calamities, people everywhere live in fear. Just as Jesus said, “Men’s hearts are failing them for fear.”

The root cause of troubles and fears is sin and rebellion against God. As long as sin increases, there is no hope for calm and tranquillity. The Lord God Almighty says, “The wicked are like the troubled sea, when it cannot rest, whose waters cast up mire and dirt. There is no peace, saith my God, to the wicked” (Isaiah 57:20-21).

No man can fully free himself from fear until he is “born again” through faith in the Lord Jesus Christ. He is the Prince of Peace, and He alone will be responsible for peace on earth. Man is absolutely unable to rid the world of fear, as evidenced by the long history of wars and rumours of wars that have permeated the globe to this day. According to the unfailing Biblical prophecy, this world is not

heading towards a man-made utopia, but towards the Great Tribulation, the time of greatest suffering the earth has ever known (cf. Revelation 6:15-17).

Of all the hundreds of things that men fear, perhaps the greatest is the “fear of death” (cf. Hebrews 2:15). Anyone who has never been saved by the grace of God and washed in the blood of Christ has every reason to fear death, to die in his sins. “It is a fearful thing to fall into the hands of the living God” (Hebrews 10:31, cf. 9:27). Death is not the end for man. God’s Word says that after death, each of us will forever be either in the torment and punishment of hell, or in the joyful bliss of heaven (Luke 12:4-5; John 14:1-3). At the moment of physical death, one’s eternal destiny is forever sealed. The greatest fear anyone could ever have is an eternity in hell.

Jesus died on Calvary’s cross for our sins, bearing all the judgment that we deserved. Now, He offers salvation to everyone who will confess his sins to God, and trust Christ as his Saviour, believing that He died for him. You cannot be free from fear until all your sins are forgiven. Believe on Christ “in Whom we have redemption through His blood, even the forgiveness of sins” (Ephesians 1:7).

Once we are cleansed of our sins and are delivered from eternal damnation, we can be sure that the Lord will be with us, even in death. Jesus also assures us, “Fear not; I am the first and the last: I am He that liveth, and was dead; and, behold, I am alive for evermore, Amen; and have the keys of hell and of death” (Revelation 1:17-18). If, at anytime you feel afraid, as the terrors of the end time increase, pray to the Lord for His peace. He promises, ““My peace I give unto you: not as the world giveth, give I unto you. Let not your heart be troubled, neither let it be afraid” (John 14:27).

Fearful Days: An End Time Experience

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If evolution is true, there must be a viable mechanism for it to occur. Neo-Darwinists

alleged that natural selection and random mutations could turn a fish into a philosopher. They claimed that millions of years of accumulated mutations, via natural selection, produced the myriad of living organisms we see today. My objective in this brief treatise is to refute that claim.

The Importance of Defining “Species”

In biology, all living organisms are classified according to a standard naming system known as taxonomy. Taxonomy enables biologists to classify living things into different levels: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species. For the purpose of our current discussion, we will accept “species” as the lowest level of the classification system (although we realise that certain species are classified further into sub-species). As an example, humans are classified into the order of Primates, the family of Hominidae, the genus of Homo, and

the species of sapiens. Therefore, we are called Homo sapiens.

The Bible teaches that God made all living creatures according to their created “kinds”. Two similar kinds of animals can “bring forth” (Genesis 1:24), that is, reproduce. The Bible does not specify any further what a “kind” of animal is. Although a horse and a donkey are two different species, they can reproduce and generate offsprings. According to the Bible, the horse and donkey belong to the same “kind”.

It is important for us to note that a created “kind” is not the same as the term, “species,” used in scientific discussions. It can be inferred from Scripture that a “kind” is probably at the level of “genus” or higher in secular taxonomy. Since taxonomy is a man-made system of biological classification, it does not reflect biblical descriptions.

Moreover, the meaning of “species” varies among biologists. A finalised definition of “species” does not exist. The generally accepted definition of species is “a reproductively isolated community

Neo-Darwinism: Is there a Mechanism for Macroevolution?

Vincent Chia

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occupying a specific niche in nature”. To compound the problem further, the science of taxonomy is based upon arbitrary criteria. The definition of

species can change according to the whims and fancies of the academia.

In this article, the term, “species,” is used as it is found in many of the scientific literature, and not as a synonym for the creative “kind” found in the Bible.

Evolution, Microevolution, and Genetic Variation

Before we can rebut the evolutionists, we must recognise their definition of the word, “evolution”. The standard biology textbook will try to convince credulous readers that the various species of finches on the Galapagos Islands are evidence for “evolution”. However, the numerous species of finches only demonstrate the process of speciation. It does not prove that humans come from a hairy, arboreal, ape-like creature.

Speciation does occur in nature. A species can gradually “evolve” into another species. In this sense of the word, “evolution” is tenable. But the Neo-Darwinist does not believe “evolution” to mean only speciation, or simply, changes in an existing species. The biblical apologist must remember that for the evolutionist, the word, “evolution,” has a mélange of radically different meanings.

The first meaning of evolution is “microevolution”. Genetic variation producing a physical change in organisms at or below the species level is known as “microevolution”. Common knowledge tells us that organisms within a species can vary in physical appearances. For example, individuals belonging to the species Homo sapiens have different height and skin colour. This is due to minor genetic differences between them.

glossary

Archosaurs: Archosaurs (meaning “ruling lizard”) were reptiles that dominated the Mesozoic Era. They included the crocodilians, pterosaurs, thecodonts, dinosaurs and allegedly, birds.Enzymes: Complex proteins that are produced by living cells and catalyze specific biochemical reactions at body temperatures.Mutation: Changes in the molecular nature of DNA. Mutations may or may not result in measurable changes in an organism’s outward appearance or functioning.Natural selection: The driving force behind change in organisms. Only the organisms best suited for the environment and for competition for mates will reproduce, leaving their genetic material to persist.Neo-Darwinism: The belief that all plants and animals are descended from a common ancestor through natural selection and mutations.Taxonomy: The science of systematic classification of animals and plants according to their presumed relationship. Organisms are classified into their respective Kingdom, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genus, and Species.Theropod: Theropods were fast moving, bipedal carnivores (meat-eaters) with grasping hands and clawed digits. Theropods lived from the mid-Triassic period until the end of the Cretaceous period (on the evolutionary time-scale). Theropod means “beast-footed”. The term, theropod, was first used in 1881.

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Nevertheless, a Caucasian, a Eurasian and a Chinese are all humans, belonging to the same species called Homo sapiens.

Sometimes genetic variation in a species can result in speciation. In every observed case, that newly “evolved” organism belongs to the same genus or “kind” of the original species. For example, variation in beak shape and size produces different species of finches. Nevertheless, a finch is still a finch. Again, there are various species of rabbits with different coats and colours. Some of these rabbits are not interfertile, but they are obviously rabbits. To derive the hypothesis of molecules-to-man evolution from such observations is unjustifiable. True evolution would require the transformation of an organism beyond the level of order, class and phylum.

Limitations of Genetic Variation and Macroevolution

Genetic variations do occur, but there are limitations to such variations. Mutation and natural selection can result in the recombination of pre-existing genetic information. However, these natural processes do not create new genetic information. It is new genetic information that is required to produce a new kind of animal.

What evolutionists are trying desperately to defend is “macroevolution”, the second meaning to the word, “evolution”. Macroevolution is the change of one kind of animal into another kind. In practice, this usually implies changes above the genus and family level. For example, evolutionists believe that some theropod dinosaurs evolved into birds. In fact, paleontologists consider birds as specialised archosaurs. For macroevolution to occur, there

must be sequential, cumulative addition of new and beneficial genetic information through mutations. But mutations cannot add any new information to the genetic code.

Neo-Darwinists regard macroevolution as simply the accumulation of micro-evolutionary changes. Despite the lack of empirical evidence, Neo-Darwinists believe that a bacterium can change into a ballerina. The justification of macroevolution from observed micro-evolutionary changes is presumptuous at best.

Information Theory: The Achilles heel of Neo-Darwinism

The key to extirpating the theory of Neo-Darwinism is the theory of information. When we write a letter to a friend, or make a phone call, we put our thoughts into writing and phonated words. The information contained is transmitted through paper, ink, and telecommunication equipment. The elusive entity called information is obviously not the paper, ink or telephone wirings.

Information is immaterial, yet it requires matter for its transmission. This is true whether the message is in Turkish, Tamil or Tagalog. The medium on which information travels can change, without the information having to change. Our voices compress air molecules in sound waves. Electrons travel along telephone wirings. No matter what medium is used, the medium itself is not the information.

This ethereal substance called information is the key to understanding what delineates life from non-living matter. It is the Achilles heel of all naturalistic explanations of life, which say that life is nothing more

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than matter obeying the physical laws of nature. The organisation of inorganic matter into life necessitates vast amount of information. The human body requires an immense amount of instructions for the building of various organs. That information is contained within microscopic molecules called deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA).

Each human DNA molecule is made up of 3 billion subunits called nucleotides. These nucleotides can be likened to letters of the alphabet. The nucleotides are subsequently arranged into messages called genes. Each gene contains meaningful instructions for life, such as the blueprint for the human eye.

In the absence of certain enzymes, the DNA molecule cannot replicate itself. It requires complex biochemical machinery for copying and subsequent gene expression. In turn, the array of biochemical pathways involved requires pre-existing genetic information for its production. This logically leads to a chicken-and-egg problem.

The DNA molecule per se is not the message itself. It is simply the carrier of the intended message. Unless the letters (nucleotides) of DNA are arranged in a specific order, the DNA molecule cannot code for any usable message. The evolutionist cannot explain the origin of information by the random arrangement of biological molecules.

Dr. Werner Gitt, a specialist in information theory, has studied the phenomenon of information in great detail. He notes that information is a feature of all living things, and that information never arises without an intelligent source. Dr. Gitt believes that the laws about information are also the best evidence for creation, as

the DNA of all living things contains information to reproduce life. Non-living matter in nature has no such code. Therefore, the information to produce life is not available to them.

There can be no code and no information without an intelligent source of this information”, he says. “As the theory of evolution has no ultimate aim, it does not explain the purposeful details which we observe in living systems.”

In his book, Not By Chance: Shattering the Modern Theory of Evolution, biophysicist and information theorist Dr. Lee Spetner points out that mutations never add information, but only reduce it. This includes even the rare helpful mutations. He also points out that natural selection is insufficient to accumulate slight genetic advantages. It would be too weak to overcome the effects of chance; mutants would generally be eliminated in the natural world.Since the origin of information requires intelligence, and mutation is unable to increase genetic information, the theory of Neo-Darwinism is fatally flawed. It is decidedly impossible to create new genetic information via random mutation and natural selection. Consequently, no feasible mechanism for macroevolution exists. The demise of Neo-Darwinism is inevitable. Let no man reject the truth of the Bible for some fallible, man-made theory. It is time for man to repent of their pride, and give glory to our Creator God.

“For by him were all things created, that are in heaven, and

that are in earth, visible and invisible, . . . all things were created by him, and for him:”

Colossians 1:16

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feast together and then rise up to dance. The feasting that does not glorify the Lord will only lead to greater wickedness.

Thanksgiving must begin with repentance and faithIf we give thanks with impenitent hearts, it will not please the Lord. Isaiah, the prophet, warned against praising or worshipping God without a repentant and cleansed heart. “Bring no more vain oblations; incense is an abomination unto me; the new moons and sabbaths, the calling of assemblies, I cannot away with; it is iniquity, even the solemn meeting. Your new moons and your appointed feasts my soul hateth: they are a trouble unto me; I am weary to bear them. And when ye spread forth your hands, I will hide mine eyes from you: yea, when ye make many prayers, I will not hear: your hands are full of blood. Wash you, make you clean; put away the evil of your doings from before mine eyes; cease to do evil” (Isaiah 1:13-16).

When we think of God’s mercy, we must humble ourselves and repent of our sins. Rather than engaging in merry-making that is fleshly and sinful, we should go down on our knees and repent of the great evil of using God-given opportunities and talents for sinful activities.

The child of God gives thanks when he looks to the cross of Jesus Christ and finds forgiveness for his many sins. Our thanksgiving must therefore begin at the cross of Christ Jesus. It is only through the cross of the Lord Jesus Christ that we find forgiveness of our sins and true happiness.

The greatest reason for thanksgiving of the child of God is the knowledge and experience of the salvation of God. The greatest gift of

As we approach the end of year 2004, let us not forget

to be a thankful people. “It is a good thing to give thanks unto the LORD, and to sing praises unto thy name, O most High” (Psalm 92:1).

Let us take time to remember His goodness towards us and praise Him for all the mercies He has showered on us. To encourage all God’s people to engage in thanksgiving to God, I have written the following exhortation.

Every thanksgiving psalm in the Scripture is a heartfelt response to God’s goodness to His servants. They are not the songs of the ungodly, but the praises of His saints. For example, Psalm 92 was written to be sung in the worship of God by His people. It urges believers to give thanks to God. Thanksgiving is believers’ unique and indispensable duty.

The Lord takes no pleasure in the praises of the unbelieving. Even if the ungodly sings a song of praise, he does not genuinely give thanks to God. I have noticed that on Thanksgiving Day, many gather not to glorify the Lord but to glory in their wealth, pleasures and vain imaginations of their lustful hearts. They

Believers’ Thanksgiving

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God to us is the gift of His Son, Jesus Christ, and the gift of the forgiveness of sin and righteousness in Him.

He took my sins away, He took my sins away,

And keeps me singing ev’ry day!

I’m so glad He took my sins away,He took my sins away.

Thanksgiving is about acknowledging the Lord’s greatness and goodnessAt the year end, we are thankful not only for our salvation and sanctification, but also for the many material blessings that the Lord has given to us. The Scripture reminds us, “But thou shalt remember the LORD thy God: for it is he that giveth thee power to get wealth” (Deuteronomy 8:18).

All the glory for all things belongs to Him alone. Without such acknowledgment, all of man’s thanksgiving is abominable unto God. The Lord is the One who blesses us and He is to be worshipped.

If we ever exalt our efforts above the mercies of the Lord, we will be robbing God of His glory. Let us therefore be quick to attribute glory to the

Lord. He is the Creator of heaven and earth and all that they contain. He is the owner of the whole universe. He is the God of providence who rules over all. He is the source of all good things. He gives life and breath to all living creatures. In Him we live, and move, and have our being. Man has nothing of himself; even every breath that man takes is a gift of God.

As we receive all things from this God, we are under solemn obligation to give Him thanks and to worship Him as our God, and to serve Him with all that He has given us. Thanksgiving begins with a voluntary, joyful, zealous acknowledgment of this God. It is, first of all, recognising the greatness of this God. Secondly, it is living our lives in obedience to this God. Thanksgiving is a life of service unto this God. A man who pretends to give thanks even to the one and only true God and who does not acknowledge and serve this God in his daily life is a hypocrite.

Our thanksgiving to God must never end with thanksgiving for material things. This would be an insult to God. God has given to His elect children a far greater blessing. In His sovereign grace and mercy, God has given us the blessings of salvation. These blessings are of far greater value than all the riches of this world. The Christian is one who understands this. For this reason, even the poverty-stricken child of God can and does give thanks to the Lord. “Although the fig tree shall not blossom, neither shall fruit be in the vines; the labour of the olive shall fail, and the fields shall yield no meat; the flock shall be cut off from the fold, and there shall be no herd in the stalls: yet I will rejoice in the LORD, I will joy in the God of my salvation” (Habakkuk 3:17, 18). Is this also our confession?

It is good to give thanks unto the Lord because thanksgiving causes the child of God to consider deeply the wonderful works of the LORD. The more we consider the greatness and goodness of the LORD, the more we learn to love Him, to rely upon Him, and to glorify Him.

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fill in the blanks with letters of the correct answers from the words below:

1. Seth was born when Adam was _____ years old.

2. Adam lived _____ years before he died.

3. _____was Seth’s son.

4. Seth was _____ years old when he died.

5. All the days of Enoch was _____ years.

6. _____ walked with God until he was taken up by God.

7. _____ lived 969 years, and he was the man who lived the longest.

8. Shem, Ham and Japheth were sons of _____.

9. Noah made the ark with _____ wood.

10.The ark’s length was _____ cubits, breadth _____ cubits, and height _____ cubits.

11.The ark had _____ stories.

12._____ of every kind of living thing on earth would come to the ark.

Answers to vol. 4, issue 4 - Bible trivia from genesis 4.Pg. 22 - 1. (c); 2.(a); 3. (b); 4. (b); 5. (a); 6. (b); 7. (b); 8. (c); 9. (b); 10. (a).Pg. 23 - 1. Cain; 2. Enoch; 3. Lamech; 4. Jabal; 5. Jubal; 6. Tubalcain; 7. Seth; 8. Enos.

a. 930 b.Enos c.365 d.130 e.912

f. Enoch g.Noah h.gopher i. Methuselah j. 30

k. 50 l. 300 m.2 n.3

Bible Trivia - Genesis 5 & 6

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true or false

1. _____ Genesis 5 records the earliest generations of mankind.

2. _____ God created man and woman on the same day.

3. _____ Adam had a son called “Seth”.

4. _____ Noah was given his name because “he shall comfort”.

5. _____ The sons of God took wives from the daughters of men

according to their choice.

6. _____ The Lord said, “My Spirit shall not always strive with man”.

7. _____ In those days, there was little wickedness on the earth.

8. _____ The Lord was happy in those days that He made man on the

earth.

9. _____ Noah did not need God’s grace.

10._____ Noah was unwilling to make the ark according to God’s

command.

11._____ God said that He will destroy the whole earth and the living

things in it with the flood.

12._____ God asked Noah to bring food into the ark for his family and

all the animals.

Word Search - Genesis 5 & 6

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