Signals & Systems

B-Tech (Hons)

Signals & Systems

Lecture # 1

Instructor

Engr. Kashif Shahzad

2015

Course Details

Text Book: Discrete Time Signal Processing

by Alan V. Oppenheim

& Ronald W. Schafer

Course Instructor: Kashif Shahzad

Email: kashifshahzad31@yahoo.com

Cell: +92 333 5186231

Course homepage:

http://kashifshahzad31.wordpress.com

Course Breakdown

Assignments: 10%

Quizzes: 10%

Others: 05%

Mid Term: 25%

Terminal: 50%

DSP IntroductionApplication of mathematical operations

to digitally represented signals

IN OUTA/D D/ADSP

-3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4

x[0]x[1]

n

General Introduction

Discrete Time Signal sequence x[n]

- as opposed to continuous-time signals x(t) - “time” = independent variable

Examples

Discrete in Nature - stock market indices

NasDaq daily closing value from Aug 1995 to Jan 1996

- population statistics

Birth in Canada from 1995-1996 to 1999-2000

Example Sampled continuous-time (analog) signals- Speech

Digital Images 2-D arrays (matrices) of numbers

Typical DSP Applications

DigitalRadiographicImaging

Ultrasound MedicalImagingSpy

SatelliteImagingMilitaryAppls

Real Time Video Cameras

& Cell Phones

VideoCommunications

Space ImagingAppls

Optical Wearable Computers

Web wirelesstechnologyData Storage

& Transmission

Car Awake warning system

RealTime DSPEmbedded

Systems

SpeechRecognition

Example: Speech Modeling

Impulse Train

Generator

Noise Generator

Pitch Period

×u(n)

Time-varying digital filter

Vocal Tract Parameters

s(n)

G

An Embedded System

Control Panel

PROGRAMMABLEDSP

PROGRAMMABLEDSP

ASIC

FPGA

MICROCONTROLLER

CODEC

Dual Port Memeory

System Bus

Controller Process

User interface process

DSP Assembly

Code

Analoginterface

Real Time Operating

system

Embedded signal Processing System

Host port

Memory interface

Host port

Memory interface

Example Embedded System

OutputBitstream

49.152 MHz

Sine wave clock

Xilinx 4062TMS320C6201

68332

SRAM

FLASH

SBSRAM

DDS

A/D

HSP52014

8-bit DAC &LPF

amplifier &squarer

I/Osquare waveoutput

To RF Board

From RF Board

SDR Board Design

FPGASPARTAN3

XC3S1500FG676I- XC3S2000FG676I

VCCINT=1.2V/470mAVCCAUX=2.5V/100mA

VCCO1=3.3V/mAVCCO2=2.5V/mA

AD9640DUAL ADC

14BIT, 105 MSPSAVDD=1.8V/310mADVDD=1.8V/34mA

DRVDD=3.3V/35mA

GC5016Quad Wideband DUC/DDC

VPAD=3.3V/180mAVCORE=1.8V/420mA

DUAL Channel 14 bit ,

125 MSPS (Max) DAC,

DAC2904, VA=3.3V/64mA

VD=3.3V/19.5mA

RS232 Interface DB9

DSPTMS320DM6446

CVDD 1.2V/767mADVDD 1.8V/102mA

DVDD 3.3V/6mA

32

47

IN

AD8352Differential

Amp

AMPFILTER

NETWORKNot

implemented

IN

POWER IN

HPI / VLYNQ interface

LVCMOS_1.8V

32BIT

JTAG

Title: Tranceiver BoardSize: A Revision: 1.3Date: 08/04/08 Drawn by: ASK

RSSI Analog Interface

8 Channel ADCMCP3008

VD=3.3V/0.5mA4-Bit

RS232 TRANSCEIVERMAX3232EID

I-Input

Q-Input

I-Output

Q-Output

167

Clock GeneratorAD95133 outputs

GAIN CONTROL (6-BIT)

PA interface

6-Bits Output power control

Filter Selection

3-Bit Rx Filter Selection

HMC610 RSSI

x2

1-Bit T/R Control

5-Bit Frequency controlSythesizer Interface

T/R Switch

/2

2x MT47H64M16BT-5E1G DDR SDRAM

64M x 321.8VD/mA?

OSC

EthernetInterface

RJ45

Ethernet PHYDP83848I

IOVDD=3.3V/150mAAVDD=3.3V/100mA?

20

Digital Power(SMPS)1.2VD1.8VD2.5VD3.3VD

Analog(LDO Linear PSU)

1.8VA3.3VA

PLATFORMFLASH

XCF08P 3.3VD/20mA

28F256J3, 128Mb16MB Intel Strata flash

3.3V/80mA

JTAGEXP HEADER

16-32 IO

64-LFCSP_VQ

SOIC-16

TQFP-48

PBGA-252

FG-676 (BGA) FSG-48 (BGA)

PBGA-N361

LQFP-48

SPI

IN

IN

IN

16-LFCSP_VQ

SOIC-16

Spartan3 SUPPORTS LVCMOS-1.8

AUDIO SERIAL PORTASP HEADER

SSNSilicon Serial Number

Device 0

DataData

Waveform 1

Software Defined RadioAll configurable HW

FPGA

Device 4

Device 1

DSP

General Purpose Processor

Algo4 Proprietary½

FECFramer 1 V.35

16 QAM

OFDM

COTS SDR Platform

Key Features1.DSP core from TI2.FPGA from Xilinx 3.Dual-channel analog-to-digital converter4.Dual-channel digital-to-analog converter 5.Bandwidth (5 MHz or 20 MHz) 6.RF module operating between 360 MHz and 960 MHz 7.Ethernet remote access capabilities8.ARM Processor

Design Options1. Tactical military communications2. Military communication gateways3. Handset and man pack systems 4. Vehicular systems

Course Objectives

To establish the idea of using computing techniques to alter the properties of a signal for desired effects, via understanding of Fundamentals of discrete-time, linear,

shift-invariant signals and systems in Representation and Analysis: sampling,

quantization, Fourier and z-transform; Implementation: filtering and transform

techniques; System Design: filter & processing algorithm

design. Efficient computational algorithms and

their implementation.

Course Outline

Course Outline

Prerequisite

A fundamental course in signal and system

Liner System analysis and transform analysis

convolution and filtering

Fourier transforms

Laplace and z transforms

Historical Perspective

Who is who of DSP

Cooley and Tuckey

Inventors: Oppenhiam, Schaffer ...

Inventors: Parks & McCllelan

Inventors: Gold and Rader

Inventor: J. Kaiser

Inventor: Haskell

Original Speech

Analysis:• Voiced/Unvoiced decision• Pitch Period (voiced only)• Signal power (Gain)

G

Pulse Train

Random Noise

Vocal TractModel

V/U

Synthesized Speech

DecoderSignal Power

PitchPeriod

Encoder

Linear Predictive Coding

Inventor: James G. Dunn

DSP Components

Signals

Basic Types

Basic Types of Digital Signals

Basic Types of Digital Signals

sindemo

Basic Types of Digital Signals

Sine and Exp Using Matlab% sine generation: A*sin(omega*n+theta)

% exponential generation: A^n

n = 0: 1: 50;

% amplitude

A = 0.87;

% phase

theta = 0.4;

% frequency

omega = 2*pi / 20;

% sin generation

xn1 = A*sin(omega*n+theta);

% exp generation

xn2 = A.^n;

operations

Basic Operations

Operations in Matlab

xn1 = [1 0 3 2 -1 0 0 0 0 0];

xn2 = [1 3 -1 1 0 0 1 2 0 0];

yn = xn1 + xn2;