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Q.6 Show card - 1

Cultivation practice

1. Ploughing2. Tilling3. Leveling4. Puddling5. Preparing ridges and furrow6. Nursery bed preparation7. Transplantation

8. Seeding9. Pre emergence weeding10. Fertilizer application11. Intercultural operations12. Post emergence weeding13. Insect & Pest management14. Disease management15. Late Post emergence weeding16. Harvesting17. Threshing18. Transportation

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Q.7 Show card - 2

Cultivation practice

1 Ploughing2 Tilling

3 Leveling

4 Puddling

5 Preparing ridges and furrow

6 Transplantation

7 Pre emergence weeding

8 Seeding

9 Fertilizer application

10 Intercultural operations

11 Post emergence weeding

12 Insect / Pest management

13 Disease management

14 Late Post emergence weeding

15 Harvesting

16 Threshing17 Transportation

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Q.8 Show card 3

Implements

1. Wooden Plough

2. Mould board plough3. Disc Plough

4. Rotavator

5. Disc harrow

6. Spike tooth harrow

7. Spring harrow

8. Blade harrow

9. Triangular tine harrow

10. Diamond harrow11. Five-tine cultivator

12. Seven-tine Cultivator

13. Three-tine Cultivator

14. Wooden Leveler

15. Bund former

16. Broad Bed Formers

17. Puddlers

18. Cage Wheels19. Harrow cum Puddler

20. Seed drill

21. Planter

22. Seed-cum-Fertilizer Drill

23. Weeder

24. Hand sprayer

25. Engine operated power sprayer

26. Self propelled walking type reaper 27. Reaper binder

28. Tractor front and rear mounted reapers

29. Combine harvesters

30. Blade sickle

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Q.9 Show card 4

Implements

1. Wooden Plough2. Mould board plough

3. Disc Plough

4. Rotavator

5. Three-tine Cultivator

6. Five-tine cultivator

7. Seven-tine Cultivator

8. Power tiller

Q.10 Show card 5

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Needs at Ploughing / Tilling stage

1. To achieve Inversion of soil

2. Need to achieve deep tillage for sugarcane field for first crop3. Need greater depth of displacement of soil

4. To Remove unwanted roots of last crop grown

5. To break compacted soil

6. Ensure that roots have better grip of the soil

7. to facilitate proper mixing of organic manure from previous cropand ensure better microbial activity

8. Need to achieve required depth of tillage

9. To ensure that weeds and surface trash are buried

10. Maximize the moisture retention

11. Need to attain require depth for seeding

12. Open the soil for aeration

13. To let soil expose to weathering agents

14. Need to plow soil in the corners

15. Cost effective

16. Time saving17. Cover more area at a given point of time

Q.11 Show card 6

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Implements

1. Disc harrow2. Spike tooth harrow

3. Spring harrow

4. Blade harrow

5. Triangular tine harrow

6. Diamond harrow

Q.12 Show card 7

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Needs at Leveling stage

1. To ensure uniform flow of water to the field

2.Ensure that vegetable plant gets grip of the hard soil so asto increase stand-ability

3. Ensure that roots have better grip of the soil

4. Need to prevent water runoff

5. Need to level the ground

6. To achieve loosened soil

7. Ensure uniform granularity of soil

8

. Breaks clods, stirs the soil

9. uproots the early weeds and breaks soil crust

10.soil smoothening

11. To achieve early root penetration and proliferation

12.Need for finer soil particles and greater firmness in thevicinity of the seeds

1soil mulching after the rains

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14.Land shaping to provide the required gradient for drainingexcess water during rainy season

Q.13 Show card 8

Implements

1. Wooden Leveler

2. Bund former

3. Scraper

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Q.15 Show card 10

Needs

1. Smooth surface of seed bed to retain moisture2.

Need to loosen the soil to prepare seed bed in a smallcompact area

3.Transplanting method of rice cultivation ensures bettergrowth so prepare nursery bed

4.Ability to plough and till the corners of the field plot

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Q.16 Show card 11

Implements

1. Puddlers2. Cage Wheels

3. Harrow cum Puddler

4. Cultivator cum puddller

Q.17 Show card 12

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Needs at Puddling stage

1. Make the soil clayey and compact

2. Need to decrease percolation of water and increase waterholding capacity

3. homogenized puddled - break the clods

4. Sufrace soil should get buried

5. to kill weeds by decomposing them

6.facilitate transplanting of paddy seedlings by making the soilsofter

Q.18 Show card 13

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Implements

1. Transplanter

2. Seed Drill3. Dibbler

4. Seed cum fertilizer drill

Q.19 Show card 14

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Needs

Transplanta

tion

1. penetrate harder soil

2. bury weeds and trashes3. need to achive softer soil for paddy seedlings

4. to maintain row to row distance

Seeding/Sowing

1. Need to sow at adequate depth and adequate spacing

2.Ensure that there is no competition between the plantsfor nutrients, space and sunlight

3. Need to maintain row spacing

4. maintain seed to seed spacing

5. To achieve require depth of seed placement

6. gap filling for unseeded area

7.Better row spacing to avoid lodging and achieve plantgrowth

8. Manually cut the sugarcane seed sets

Q.20 Show card 15

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Implements

1. Weeder

2. Push-pull weeder

3. Three-tine Cultivator 4. Five-tine cultivator

Q.21 Show card 16

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Needs for weeding practice

Preemergenceweedin

g

1. Ensure minimum impact of the herbicide on the croptherefore pre emergence chemical weeding done

2. Minimize the possibility of re growth therefore preemergence weeding done

3. Due to broadcasted seeds manual weeding is more timetaking while spraying weedicide is more convenient inWheat

4. Time saving and cost efficient method to control weeds

5. destroyed Deep rooted and difficult weeds in preemergence stage

Postem

ergenceweeding

1. Chemical weedicides cost effective and convenient

2. Post emergence weeding also loosens the soil whichprovides better aeration

3. optimize the yield through weeding4. Use proper chemicals according to the type of weeds

5. Time saving and cost efficient method to control weeds

6. Make multiple benefits through mechanical postemergence weeding

7. To restrict the competition for nutrition and sunlightfor the crop

8. Minimize cost by mixing weedicide with sand andbroadcast it on ground

Q.22 Show card 17

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Implements1. Weeder

2. Wheel Hoe

3. Three-tine Cultivator

4. Five-tine cultivator

5. Seven-tine cultivator

Q.23 Show card 18

Needs

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Intercu

ltural

operation

1. Avoiding the use of tractor and perform the interculturaloperation exactly between the rows

2. Need to displace the ridges and cover the furrows

3. To loosen the soil and help proliferation of roots4. Helps better aeration of soil

5. To remove weeds

6. Ensure proper channelizing of water

7. Earthing up ridges

Irrigation

1. Need for timely and adequate water

2. Need to maintain the temperature of soil

3. Achieve temperature regulation of soil by irrigating in nightin summers and daytime during winters

Q.24 Show card 19

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Implements1. Hand sprayer

2. Foot sprayer

3. Engine operated power sprayer

4. Lever operated sprayers (Rocker Sprayer)

5. Tractor-mount Sprayer

Q.25 Show card 20

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Needs

CropProtection

1. Cost efficient and convenient

2. To ensure that flowers are not blown offwhile spraying pesticides

3. Convenient to spray for heighted crops

4. Regulate the amount of application

5. To avoid excessive application that might proveharmful or wasteful

6. Constant output of the machine

7. Discharge at greater length

8. Spraying at the time of pest attack

9. Effective spraying /Quality spraying10. Require less time for spraying

11. Better coverage

FertilizerApplication

1. Uniform spray of chemicals fungicides / weedicides

2.Regulate the amount of application to avoid excessiveapplication that might prove harmful or wasteful

3. constant output of the machine

4. Timely availability5. Higher tank capacity to accommodate large

volume liquid

6. improve the chances of better growth

7. Effective spraying /Quality spraying

8. Require less time for spraying

9. Better coverage

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Q.26 Show card 21

Implements

Harvesting

equipments 1. Reaper

2. Combine harvesters

3. Blade sickle

4. Diggers

5. Chopper harvester

Threshing

equ

ipment

1. Pedal operated thresher

2. Decorticator

3. Mechanical Thresher

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Q.28 Show card 22

Needs

Harvesting 1.

For sugarcane, cut from the bottom of the canewhich further prevents the unwanted growth ofthe crop which would compete with the ratoon

2.Reduce turn around time for planting at next crop

3.Harvesting at proper stage of maturity and hencefaster turnaround

4.Cut at the ground level to minimize crop stubble andfacilitate drudgery in ploughing

5.Achieve prevention of weight loss of ripe cropdue to over maturing

6.Stacking of the crop

7.To reduce harvesting duration to avoid crop damages

8.Collection of crop for making bundles

9.Loading and transportation of bundles

10. Minimize the grain loss

11.

Minimize the fodder loss

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12. Collect crop stubbles for paddy

13. Low damages in digging

Thr

eshing

1. Need to ensure minimum breakage of grains

2. Optimally utilize the crop potential and maximizethe returns

3. To Get better rate in market

4. Separating grain from kernel / cob5. Cleaning of grain

6. One pass threshing

7. Increasing utility

Q.29 Show card 23

Needs

PostHarvesting1. Storage facility

2. Availability of transport on time

3. Cheap transport in required

4. Labour availability for loading / unloading

5. Least damage to the produce while loading / unloading

/transport

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Q.30 Show card 24

Needs

Marketing

1. Market to be available nearby

2. Immediate payment of produce

3. Least formalities (filling forms / chalans etc.)

4. Least commission to be charged from middlemen

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Q.32 Show card 25

Needs

Trans

portation

1.Should be able to carry farmload to the Mandis

2.Should be able to carry load in gradient/uphill areas

3. Ability to carry full trailers sugarcane load tofactories

4.Ability to carry fodder load

5.Should transfer farm produce from field

6. Should have enough tilt to facilitate degree ofloading and avoid additional labor cost

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Q.37 Show card 26

Needs1. Already owning animals for farming purpose2. Insufficient availability of funds3. Barriers in getting loans from banks4. Very high interest rates charges by banks5. Very high interest rates charges by money lenders

6. High maintenance costs of tractors7. Apprehensions regarding the use of mechanized

equipment / tractors during off seasons8. Tractors does not suit the needs of small sized farms9. Land preparation needs are fulfilled using domestic

animals10. Easy availability of labor

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11. Cheap labor available12. Hiring tractors and mechanical equip suffices our need

Q.38 Show card 27

Needs

1. Need for faster on time operation

2. Increased labor cost / wages of agriculture labor

3. Low yield and time taken in manual/animal drawn process

4. One pass convenient operation for sprayers

5. Unavailability of low cost affordable machine6. Multipurpose machine to perform standardized process

7.Low annual usage and hence high costnot profitable of smallfamers

8. Unavailability of animated power/draught animals

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9. Increased labor cost / wages of agriculture labor

10. Availability of irrigation facilities

11. Increase in agriculture yield

12. Usage of high yielding varieties

13. Double cropping / cropping intensity

14. Labour productivity as compared to equipments

15. Other agricultural inputs and rate realization

16. Availability/ Unavailability of finance

17. Farmers overall affordability to buy a tractor ( farm income)

18. Very high interest rates charges by banks19. Very high interest rates charges by money lenders

20. High maintenance costs of tractors

21. Apprehensions tractors usage during off seasons

22. Tractors does not suit the needs of small sized farms

23. Land preparation needs are fulfilled using domestic animals

Q.39 Show card 28

Statements

1.Farming is just a way of life..no other source of income andhence the only option ( cannot sustain its livelihood withoutfarming)

2. It seems that there is always so much to do that I have littletime for myself or any leisure activities3. Success on my farm is driven by my own abilities

4. Success on my farm is driven by resorting to use ofmechanized & effective operation

5.Grow higher %age of horticulture crop and need mechanizedoperation for on time operation to realize better yield andcommitment

6. I am confident in my ability to deal with the changes that aretaking place in agriculture

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7. I dont know enough about various implements that areavailable for better farm operation

8. I am not aware of government programmers and financeoption available to me

9. Not confident of taking loan and feel that farm yield is highlyuncertain10. I am sure of my farm yield due which is possible through

mechanized operation11. I always keep my self abreast with the latest development in

agriculture12. I always try to improve my agriculture practices and make it

more cost effective13. I always take initiative to gather more and more information on

new developments in agriculture

14. I take up training from agri institutes for better farming15. Ready to change farm practices..adaptive to change

16. Planning to increase farm operation

17. Do not see it a point investing in farming

18. Farming is not the main source of income

19. Non farm employment by other family members

20. Wish to getting established in the farming process by supportfrom government & other agencies

21. I always like to experiment with new crop in my field

22. My fellow farmers follow me / take my guidance in farmingactivities

23. I grow crop only for commercial purpose

24. I grow crop mostly for self consumption purpose

25. Farming is my secondary occupation

26. I grow multiple crops at a time

27. I prefer growing crops which yield quick returns

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28. I prefer growing crops which yield big returns

29. I sell my produce only to the factory / mill

30. I sell maximum of my produce soon after harvesting

31. I always wait and watch for the rates to increase in the market

32. I keep a watch on the market rate of crop to decide the crop tobe grown

33. I grow a crop which is best suitable to the local condition

34. I want my children to continue farming

35. I want my children to discontinue farming and take up someother job

Q.47 Show card 29

1. 2 Wheelers

2. 4 wheelers

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3. Air Conditioner

4. Cell phone / Mobile

5. Black and White television

6. Colored television7. Plasma TV

8. LCD TV

9. Digital camera

10.Regular Refrigerator

11.Frost free Refrigerator

12.Radio/ FM

13.Hi-Fi or music centre/system

14.Home theatre system

15.Microwave oven

16.PC/Home computer

17.Vacuum cleaner

18.Video camera/camcorder

19.Video recorder/player

20.Washing machine

21.None of these