SHORT SEA SHIPPING: WHY AND HOW IS IT PROMOTED BY THE EC?

EGEST BARBULLUSHI

ANTWERPEN, 8 JAN. 2010

INTRODUCTION

Definition:

The European Commission uses the following, purely technical, definition:

“Short sea shipping is the transport of goods and/or passengers along a route which at least in part consists of the sea or the ocean, but on which the ocean isn’t crossed.”

History:

• EC major priority since 1992

• In 1997 and 1999, the Commission started the development of short sea shipping

• In 2001, the EC issued White Paper (Marco Polo, Structural Funds)

• In 2003 the EC published Programme for the Promotion of Short Sea Shipping

INTRODUCTION

WHY?1. Shifting the increased road traffic to sea transport

2. Sustainable and Efficient Transport(in economic, social and environmental terms)

3. SSS is the only mode of transport able to challenge the fast growth of road transport

Congestion/noise/pollution/accidents

2001: 0,5% of EU GDP

2010: will rise to 1% of EU GDP

80 billion euro a year if no action is taken

ADVANTAGES

• door-to-door transport via hundreds of European ports

• cheaper than road transport

• reliable

• environmentally friendly

• guaranteed transit times

0

0,005

0,01

0,015

0,02

0,025

0,03

0,035

0,04

road SSS rail inland waterway

External Costs per ton.km

External Cost(ton.km)

Source: EuropeanCommission, 2007

Evolution of final energy consumption in transport, by transport mode, 1990-2004, EU-25 (in million toe)

Final energy consumption of Road, Rail, IWN & Air, EU-27, 1990 to 2006 (million TOE)

Greenhouse gas emissions,by transport mode IN 2006 (% CO2 equivalent)

KEY FACTORS FOR SSS DEVELOPMENT

• Improvements made in port services-port efficiency and costs

• Correlation and cooperation between ports

• Further development of inland waterways

• The 2003 Programme for the Promotion of Short Sea Shipping set out 14 actions with the objective to improve the efficiency of the mode and overcome obstacles to its development

1. Legislative Actions

2. Technical Actions

3. Operational Actions

HOW?

HOW? Legislative Actions

o Implementation of the Directive on certain reporting formalities for ships arriving in and/or departing from ports of the Member States (IMO-FAL).

o Implementation of the Marco Polo I and II programme

o Standardisation and harmonisation of intermodal loading units

o Development of 'Motorways of the Sea‘

o Improvement of the environmental performance of Short Sea Shipping

HOW? Technical Actions

o Guide to Customs Procedures for Short Sea Shipping

o Identification and elimination of obstacles to making Short Sea Shipping more successful

o Alignment of the national application of, and computerisation of, EU Customs Procedures

o Research and Technological Development

HOW? Operational Actions

o One-Stop Administrative Shops

o Ensuring the vital role of Short Sea Shipping Focal Points

o Maintaining the efficient operation and guidance of Short Sea Promotion Centres

o Promoting the image of Short Sea Shipping as a successful transport alternative

o Collection of statistical information

HOW?1) DIRECTIVE ON CERTAIN REPORTING FORMALITIES FOR SHIPS (IMO FAL)2) THE MARCO POLO PROGRAMMES3) INTERMODAL LOADING UNITS4)MOTORWAYS OF THE SEA5) ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF SHORT SEA SHIPPING6) GUIDE TO CUSTOMS PROCEDURES FOR SHORT SEA SHIPPING7) IDENTIFICATION AND ELIMINATION OF OBSTACLES TO SHORT SEA

SHIPPING8) SIMPLIFICATION OF COMMUNITY CUSTOMS PROCEDURES9) RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT10) ONE-STOP ADMINISTRATIVE SHOPS11) SHORT SEA SHIPPING FOCAL POINTS12) SHORTSEA PROMOTION CENTRES13) IMAGE OF SHORT SEA SHIPPING14) STATISTICS

HOW?1) DIRECTIVE ON CERTAIN REPORTING FORMALITIES FOR SHIPS (IMO FAL)2) THE MARCO POLO PROGRAMMES (Legislative)3) INTERMODAL LOADING UNITS4)MOTORWAYS OF THE SEA (Legislative)5) ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE OF SHORT SEA SHIPPING6) GUIDE TO CUSTOMS PROCEDURES FOR SHORT SEA SHIPPING7) IDENTIFICATION AND ELIMINATION OF OBSTACLES TO SHORT SEA

SHIPPING8) SIMPLIFICATION OF COMMUNITY CUSTOMS PROCEDURES9) RESEARCH AND TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENT10) ONE-STOP ADMINISTRATIVE SHOPS11) SHORT SEA SHIPPING FOCAL POINTS12) SHORTSEA PROMOTION CENTRES (Operational)13) IMAGE OF SHORT SEA SHIPPING14) STATISTICS

Motorways of the Sea(MoS)• Introduced and founded by the TEN-T

• Bypass land bottlenecks

• Introducing new intermodal maritime-based logistics chains

• Regular and frequent maritime links for the transport of goods between Member States

• Quality of services (frequency, punctuality, liability, perenniality)

• Requires partnership and co-operation

Map of Motorways of the Sea

Marco Polo I

• Marco Polo I ran from 2003-2006

• €102 mill. budget

• Aim: shifting 12 billion t km per year from road transport to other means

• Funding only projects concerning freight transport services

Marco Polo II• Duration: 2007 –2013

• Budget € 450 mil.

• Shifting 140 bill. ton.km. from road equal to 7 mil. routes of 1000km each

• The new programme identifies Motorways of the Sea as a specific new action.

• More money, more themes, more countries.

Short Sea Promotion Centers

• 22 centers in Europe

• Offer neutral, impartial advice on the use of SSS

• Independent from specific interest groups

• Work together with EC promotion policy

• Networked in the European Short sea Network (ESN)

ESN

Source: SPC Turkey

Problems to be solved

• it has not yet reached full integration in the multimodal door-to-door supply chain;

• it involves complex administrative procedures;

• it requires higher port efficiency and good hinterland accessibility.

COMPLEXITY

Source: Psaraftis 2009

QUESTIONS???

More Info:• ec.europa.eu

• www.shortsea.info

• www.espo.be > Active Policy Issues > Motorways of the Sea

• Paixao, A. C. and Marlow, P. B.(2001) 'A review of the European Union shipping policy', Maritime Policy & Management, 28: 2, 187 — 198

• Paixao, A. C. and Marlow, P. B.(2002) ‘Strengths and weaknesses of short sea shipping’ ,Marine Policy 26: 167–178

• Casaca, Ana C. Paixão and Marlow, Peter B.(2005) 'The competitiveness of short sea shipping in multimodal logistics supply chains: service attributes', Maritime Policy & Management, 32: 4, 363 — 382

• Baird, Alfred J.(2007)'The economics of Motorways of the Sea‘(, Maritime Policy & Management, 34: 4, 287 —310

• García-Menéndez, L. and Feo-Valero(2009), M.'European Common Transport Policy and Short-Sea Shipping: Empirical Evidence Based on Modal Choice Models', Transport Reviews, 29: 2, 239 — 259

• Ng, Adolf Koi Yu,(2009) 'Competitiveness of short sea shipping and the role of port: the case of North Europe‘, Maritime Policy & Management, 36: 4, 337 — 352

Video

COMs• COM(2003) 155 final

• REGULATION (EC) No 1382/2003 OF THE EUROPEAN PARLIAMENT AND OF THE COUNCIL of 22 July 2003

• COM(2004) 453 final

• COM(2004) 478 final(Marco Polo II)

• COM(2006) 314 final(Mid-term review of the E.C. 2001 Transport White Paper)

• Corrigendum to Regulation (EC) No 16922006 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 2006 establishing the second Marco Polo programme for the granting of Community financial assistance to improve the environment

• COM(2007) 575 final(Blue Book)

• COM(2007) 575 final(An Integrated Maritime Policy for the European Union)