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SHILOH

IN THE BIBLE

Alan Smith

Elibooks

© Alan Smith 5777 (2017)All rights reserved

ElibooksP.O.B. 1, Lilac, Eli

4482800, IsraelTel. (02) 994-3836

(From overseas 972-2-994-3836)www.torahtextmakesenseofit.wordpress.comHebrew: www.torahusefatah.wordpress.com

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PREFACE

Many historical events recorded in the Bible are misinterpreted

due to someone not reading the text carefully and then jumping to

conclusions. These distortions are then passed down from

generation to generation. Among much else they apply to Shiloh,

alhough about its location, at least, there is (unlike that of Sodom,

or Rachel’s tomb, or the Red Sea Crossing) no dispute.

Not only the approximate site of Shiloh, but even the precise

location of where the Tabernacle was set up, is now known.

Archaeological researchers at Shiloh have recently found a marked

site measuring precisely 100 x 50 cubits and aligned exactly east-

west, which is too much of a coincidence to be anything other

than the site of the Tabernacle. (I have been there and seen it,

visitors are welcome.) This has aroused interest in ancient Shiloh,

but the distortions of history are today again presented.

I have therefore given all the biblical references to Shiloh,

which must be carefully read, along with certain other biblical

references that are relevant. Non-biblical sources are not reliable,

and with one exception which is not concerned with Shiloh but

often confused with it, they are not quoted.

It is assumed that the reader is familiar with the background

stories in which the quotations occur, as this is not the place to

give all thses in detail, though sometimes a reminder is added.

It is hoped that anyone writing about Shiloh will take into

account all that is pointed out in this booklet.

My thanks to the One who has preserved me in old age with the

strength to write this.

A.S., Eli (next to Shiloh), Mount Ephraim, Tammuz 5777

CONTENTS

1. Joshua 5

2. The Civil War 8

3. Eli and Samuel 13

4. Ahijah 16

5. Jeremiah 18

References (summary) 20

1. JOSHUA

The name, spelt variously as ¼D¼Ñ HI B¼D¼Ñ¼Î HI B ¼ÉWÑ HI B ¼ÉWÑ¼Î HI, may have

been originally Shilon ¼Ô¼D ¼Ñ¼Î HI with the final nun dropping off, since

a person who came from there (we will meet one) was called

¼ÎHÕ¼D¼Ñ¼Î HI a Shiloni,1 but this is uncertain, the nun may have been

simply an addition.2

Let us start at the beginning. Apart from a cryptic remark by

Jacob on his death bed (Gen. 49:10)

ÅÃÆLÎ?ÎH] È\K× ÊÎXLÑ DÇKÝ ÔÎ IT HÓ ÜYIÜÃÌ DÓX É eLÈXÉÎ HÓ iÍ JÆ jII ÝX_ÖLÎ?ÅWÑ -A,2 >-=$<% [1]

AÒÎ½H_ K× ß_KÉ DdHÎ DYÑ DÊ É eWÑÎ HIwhose meaning many have guessed at unconvincingly,

the first mention is in Joshua (18:1)

Ñ JÉÃÅ?ß JÅ ÒYLI XÕÎ_H] DIK[KÊ É eWÑ HI }Ñ IÅLÝ DKHÎ?ÎIÕ DT ß[KÈF×?ÑL] XkÑFÉjLdH[KÊ $A+- 6=)(- [2]

AÒ½JÉÎIÕ DÙHÑ ÉYLI DT DÐHÕ ÚJÝ_LÅ LÉ DÊ ÈXI×DÓwhere we are told that the people congregated at Shiloh and the

Tabernacle was placed there, after an initial stay at Joshua’s

temporary headquarters at Gilgal. From later texts (quoted below)

it emerges that Joshua set up his new headquarters at Shiloh. No

reason is either given or (from our knowledge of the locality)

apparent as to why he chose that spot. It was a fair distance from

Shechem, the natural centre of the country,3 and, unlike Shechem

1. A person who comes from Liverpool is called a Liverpudlian – where doesthe ‘d’ come from?

2. Compare Num.26, verse 20 (ÉÑÞ) and verse 23 (É×ÊÙ) but contrast verse 44

(ÉÕÓÎ).3. Jerusalem was not the natural centre but was chosen much later by David forstrategic, and more important political, reasons.

6 Shiloh in the Bible

or even Bethel, it lies some little way off the main north-south

highway.

It was from there that Joshua sent out a party of surveyors to

‘write’ (not actual maps as we know them) the rest of the land for

allocation to the remaining seven tribes; and at Shiloh, on their

return, he made the allocation.

ÆjÃf DÐHÑ oÒÎ HÐ DÑÃÉ KÉ?ß JÅ K× nOIDÉ DÎ Ê KÛ DÎKÊ XÐXIÑI[KÊ ÒÎYHILÕFÅ LÉ XÓ_OÜL[KÊ +A+- 6=)(- [3]

ÉÃÙpX Î eKÑ IÅ XÆXI DÊ iW LßDÅ X[Æ DßHÐ DÊ ÚJÝ kLÅ LÆ XjÐ D KÉ Dß HÉ DÊ XÐpDÑ Ý gÃÓÅ IÑ Ú JÝ kLÅ LÉ?ß JÅAÉ ½WÑ HI DT YLÎ DÎ Î_IÕ DÙHÑ Ñ]LÝDU Ò_JÐ LÑ EÎjHÑ DI KÅ

É_L× DÆ HI DÑ ÒÎ]VÝ L× JÑ LÉXaÆ Df DÐH[KÊ ÚJÝ eLÅ LÆ XÝ DÆ K×K[KÊ iÒÎ HILÕFÅ LÉ X[Ð DÑI[KÊ ,A+- 6=)(- [4]

AÉ ½WÑ HI ÉYJÕ FÌ K_ KÉ?Ñ JÅ K×]OIDÉ DÎ?Ñ JÅ XÅaÃÆL[KÊ Ý JÙXIÖ?Ñ K× ÒÎYHÜLÑFÌ

Ò jLI?Ü J KÌ DÎKÊ XLÎ DÎ Î IÕ DÙHÑ ÉYWÑ HI DT Ñ]LÝDU K×aOIDÉ DÎ ÒjJÉLÑ oE IÑ DIK[KÊ -A+- 6=)(- [5]

AÒ ½LßÃÜ DÑ DÌ KÓ D] ÑYIÅLÝ DKHÎ Î_IÕ DÆHÑ ÚJÝ]LÅ LÉ?ß JÅ K×aOIDÉ DÎThe details of the allocation made before God, in front of the

Tabernacle at Shiloh are concluded by

ÔXqÕ ?ÔHT K× bOIDÉÎHÊ @Ô IÉÃ] KÉ Ý LË L× DÑ JÅ X ÑFÌHÕ Ý JIFÅ ß nWÑ LÌ D KÉ É J IÅ $4A,- 6=)(- [6]

Ñ JÉÃÅ Ì KßYJb eLÎ DÎ Î IÕ DÙ HÑ iÉWÑ HI DT @Ñ[LÝDÇ DT @ÑjIÅLÝ DKHÎ?ÎIÕ DT oßDZ KÓ DÑ ßDÆ LÅ LÉ Î IIÅLÝ DÊAÚJÝ ½LÅ LÉ?ß JÅ ÜYI KÌ IÓ X f KÐ DÎKÊ ÈXI×DÓ

Allocating towns for the Levites was then dealt with at Shiloh

É LX HÛ TLÎ DÎ Ý eÃÓÅ IÑ TÔ K×jKÕ D] Ú JÝ[JÅ DT É gWÑ HI DT Ò kJÉÎIÑFÅ XjÝ DTKÈ DÎKÊ %A$/ 6=)(- [7]

AXÕ ½If DÓ JÉ DÆHÑ ÔYJÉÎ IIUÝ DÇ HÓX ß JÆXLILÑ ÒÎYVÝ L× XÕ_LÑ?ß JßLÑ É eJIÃÓ?ÈKÎ DÆand finally it was from Shiloh that Joshua released the men of

Reuben, Gad and Manasseh to return to their homes in land

allocated to them by Moses across the Jordan.

É gJJKÕ DÓ KÉ Í JÆ II @Î HÛFÌKÊ ÈkLÇ?ÎIÕ DÆX ÔjIÆXÅUÝ?ÎIÕ DT X nÐ DÑI[KÊ XÆ OIL[KÊ ,A%/ 6=)(- [8]

È gL× DÑHU KÉ Ú JÝ JÅ?Ñ JÅ ß JÐkJÑ LÑ Ô K×XLÕ D]?ÚJÝ JÅ DT Ý JIFÅ ÉYWÑ HJ HÓ Ñ eIÅLÝ DKHÎ Î IÕ DT iß IÅ IÓAÉ ½JIÃÓ?ÈKÎ DT YLÎ DÎ Î_Hb?Ñ K× W eLÆ?XËFÌÅÂÕ Ý JIFÅ iÒ LßLY OÌFÅ Ú JÝ[JÅ?Ñ JÅ

Shiloh in the Bible 7

Shortly afterwards there was a rumour of a planned attempt at

secession by these tribes, and the rest of Israel assembled at

Shiloh to go to war against them

É eWÑ HI }Ñ IÅLÝ DKHÎ?ÎIÕ DT ß[KÈF×?ÑL] XkÑFÉjLdH[KÊ ÑXIÅ LÝ DKHÎ Î IÕ DT XY× DÓ DIH[KÊ %- %/ 6=)(- [9]

AÅ½LÆ LcKÑ ÒYJÉÎIÑF× ßD_ÑF×KÑbut first they investigated and found that the rumour was false,

based on a misunderstanding, and the idea was dropped.

The Book of Joshua contains no further references to Shiloh.

When he assembled all the people for his final speech Joshua

chose Shechem, which had two great advantages: it was central

and with easy access from across the Jordan; and the special

acoustics there between Mounts Gerizim and Ebal made it easier

to address a large number of people when loud speakers had not

yet been invented.

––––––––––––––––

2. THE CIVIL WAR

With four exceptions (in the Book of Judges) – three in one

story and a fourth in another – there is no further mention of

Shiloh until the time when Elkanah and his wife Hannah used to

go there every year to worship and sacrifice to God, with Eli the

High Priest in charge and his two not-exactly-righteous sons

helping him. Hannah prayed there for a son, and was answered

with the birth of Samuel, who later served there as an assistant to

Eli. All this has led to the mistaken idea that Shiloh was the

permanent home of the Tabernacle continuously for several

hundred years from the time of Joshua until the time of Samuel.

But – we mentioned the exceptions. In the intermediate period

there was at one point a Civil War where Shiloh comes in at the

end, but before that something else is directly relevant. At one

point all the people went to Bethel where the Holy Ark was, the

High Priest being Phinehas son of Eleazar son of Aaron.

TX] DÆH[KÊ Ñ gIÅ?ßÎ IÆ XÅÃÆL[KÊ ÒkL× LÉ?ÑLÐ DÊ ÑjIÅLÝ DKHÎ oÎIÕ DT?ÑLÐ XÑF×K[KÊ */?)/A/ 1-,8)= [10]

ÒÎYHÓLÑ DIX ßD_ÑÃ× X]ÑF×K[KÊ ÆJÝXL× LÉ?È K× ÅXYÉ KÉ?ÒD[KÆ XÓX_ÛL[KÊ eLÎ DÎ Î IÕ DÙ HÑ iÒ LI XÆ DI[I[ KÊÒÎYHÓL[ KT ÒÎ eHÉWÑ EÅ LÉ ßÎ VÝ DT TÔDÝFÅ Ò gLI DÊ XLÎ ÎKT ÑYIÅLÝ DKHÎ?ÎIÕ DÆ X_ÑFÅ DIH[KÊ A½LÎ DÎ Î_IÕ DÙ HÑSSSSSSSSS hÒ IÉ LÉ ÒÎ HÓL[ KT ÊÎgLÕLÙ DÑ @È IÓÃ× Ô kÃÝFÉ KÅ?Ô JT ÝjLË L× DÑ JÅ?Ô JT Ö LÌ DÕÎ HÙpX AÒ½IÉ LÉNote that it was not at Shiloh. If this Phinehas was Aaron’s

grandson, this took place soon after the time of Joshua (and other

evidence points to this), though he may have been a great-great

grandson which dates it later, but still before the time of Eli. The

uncertainty of the exact date need not concern us here. The Ark

was at Bethel and it would hardly have been taken out of the

Tabernacle leaving the latter at Shiloh, so we may assume that the

Tabernacle was there at Bethel. Why it should have been moved


we do not know, nor can we guess, but it was certainly restored

to Shiloh before the time of Eli. Nonetheless it was not at Shiloh

continuously from Joshua to Samuel.

Support for the Tabernacle being at Bethel comes from a

remark in the same story, in the events at most a few weeks

earlier that led up to the Civil War. The Levite on his way home

from Bethlehem to Mount Ephraim met an old man, a fellow-

countryman from Mount Ephraim, in Gibeah, and told him he was

‘on the way to the House of God’ (Judges 19:18). Assuming he

was telling the truth, this makes more sense if the House of God

was in Bethel, which he would have to pass through as Mount

Ephraim started just beyond it. Shiloh was a lot further north, off

the beaten track, and far less likely.

Now let us take a look at what happened immediately after they

went to Bethel. The army moved from Bethel and set up a camp

at Shiloh, to which place four hundred girls were brought from

Jabesh Gilead to provide wives for the survivors of Benjamin.

É LÝF×KÕ ißDÅ IÓ ×[KTUÝ KÅ È gL× DÑHU IÎ IÆLÎ @Î IÆ DID[ HÓ X mÅ DÛ DÓH[KÊ %-A$/ 1-,8)= [11]

É eWÑ HI iÉJÕFÌ K_ KÉ?Ñ JÅ Ò[LßDÅ XÅjHÆL[KÊ ÝXLÐLË Æ K] DI HÓ DÑ IÎYHÅ É]L×UÈLÎ?ÅWÑ ÝaJIFÅ É eLÑXß DÆAÔ K×½LÕ D] ÚJÝ_JÅ DT ÝYJIFÅ

Why did they set up camp at Shiloh, of all places? Who knows?

Perhaps to take the Tabernacle back there away from Bethel which

belonged to the tribe of Benjamin? But it does not say so.

These four hundred girls were not enough, they needed six

hundred, so where could they find another two hundred? (It was

essential to find wives for them, otherwise they might revert to the

behaviour that led to the war in the first place.)

While at Shiloh they learned something that gave them an idea.

An anuual festival ‘to God’ was about to take place.


Ý mJIFÅ É LÓÎ gHÓLÎ @ÒÎ HÓL[ HÓ DkÑ HI DT jLÎ DÎ?Ç KÌ oÉI HÉ X nÝ DÓÅÂ[KÊ ,-A$/ 1-,8)= [12]

É LÓXJÐ DI ÑYIÅ?ßÎ IT HÓ É_LÑÃ× LÉ É eL HÖ DÓjHÑ I JÓ eJJ KÉ É LÌUÝ DË HÓ }Ñ IÅ?ßÎ IÆ DÑ ÉLÕD[Ù Dc HÓAÉ½LÕDÆ DÑHÑ ÆJÇYJ HÓX

As part of the festivities the girls would come out from Shiloh

and dance. The Benjamites were told to hide in the nearby

vineyards, and when the girls came out to dance to come out of

the vineyards, seize them, and take them home as wives.

Ò_Jf DÆKÝFÅKÊ XYÐ DÑ ÝXÃÓÅIÑ ÔYHÓLÎ DÕ HÆ Î_IÕ DT?ß JÅ [XfX KÛ DÎKÊ] ÊÛÎÊ $/-/A$/ 1-,8)= [13]

iÒ JßÅ LÛÎHÊ cßDÑÃÌ D_KT ÑXÌLÑ hDÑÎ HI?ßDÕ DÆ X_Å DÛjIÎ?Ò HÅ ÉI HÉpDÊ Ò gJßÎ HÅUÝX AÒÎ½HÓLÝ D] KTÚJÝ_JÅ ÒYJf DÐKÑFÉKÊ DXÑÎ HI ßD Õ DT HÓ DYf DI HÅ IÎ_HÅ Ò]JÐ LÑ Ò_Jf DÙ KÍFÌKÊ ÒÎ eHÓLÝ D] KÉ?Ô HÓ

AÔ»½ÓLÎ DÕHT[No, the girls did NOT dance in the vineyards as some

imagine from carelessly reading the text.

A few thousand years later at an annual festival in

Jerusalem (not Shiloh) on the fifteenth of Av the girls all

came out and danced in the vineyrads (Mishnah Ta’anit 4:8),

hoping to find husbands. Confusion between the two has led

to a belief that the Shiloh festival was on the fifteenth of Av,

but there is no evidence to support any connection. No

reason is given for either festival or for the date.]

The men could only hide in the vineyards in the summer when

the vines are fully grown and in full leaf. After that the leaves are

gradually shed and the trees are pruned right down ready to grow

again next year.

One may make a guess at the festival. Shiloh was probably at

the centre of a large vine-growing area (it is again today, though

to a far lesser extent) and the festival would have been to

celebrate the end of the grape picking towards the end of the

summer (and the later one at Jerusalem likewise), just as Shavuot,


earlier, celebrates the end of the wheat harvest.

Incidentally, if Shiloh could provide not less than two hundred

unmarried girls, it must have had a fair-sized population! So why

was the Tabernacle moved to Bethel?

The real problem with verse 19 ([12] above) is not the purpose

of the festival, but something else.

They were told that there was to be ‘an anual festival to God in

Shiloh which is to the north of Bethel east of the highway from

Bethel to Shechem and to the south of Lebonah’.

Arab villages usually retain the biblical names (slightly

modified), so it is reasonably assumed that the site of Lebonah is

approximately that of the modern Arab village of Luban.

Three questions arise:

1. Why go into all this detail to give the location of Shiloh? The

Tabernacle had been there, it was Joshua’s headquarters for a long

time, and it would have been well-known. As we will see, this

was before it was destroyed. No other place mentioned in the

book has its location so described, and the exact location is not

relevant to the story.

2. If the location must be given, why not give it at the first

mention, the place where they set up their camp (verse 12)?

3. In any case it is wrong – Shiloh is east of Lebonah, not south!

The answer 4 is that the location does not refer to that of

Shiloh but to that of the festivities, a local one belonging to

Shiloh, in which surrounding villages would join, but the site

chosen was south of Lebonah, at some distance from Shiloh town.

4. For this idea I am indebted to Dr. Yoel Elizur of Ofra, who has even sugestedthe probable site, alongside modern Eli.


The fourth mention of Shiloh in the Book of Judges is casual.

At some uncertain time between that of Joshua and that of

Samuel, the tribe of Dan stole Micah’s idol and took with it

Jonathan the Levite ‘priest’, setting up both in the town they

named Dan. Micah’s idol was there ‘all the time God’s House was

at Shiloh’.

ßD_Î EÉ Î]IÓ DÎ?ÑL] ÉXLK L× Ý JIFÅ ÉYLÐÎ HÓ Ñ JÖ_Jb?ß JÅ Ò eJÉLÑ XÓÎ HKL[KÊ $0A+- 1-,8)= [14]

AÉ ½WÑ HI DT ÒÎYHÉWÑ EÅ LÉ?ßÎ ITLater, Jeroboam put a golden calf there instead, but Jonathan’s

descendants still served there as priests ‘until the exile’ (verse 30).

––––––––––––––––

3. ELI AND SAMUEL

Once a year Elkanah with his two wives went to Shiloh to

worship God and offer a sacrifice.

ßaÂÊ FÌ Kf DI HÉ DÑ É LÓÎ eHÓLÎ @ÒÎ HÓL[ HÓ TDÝÎ H× IÓ ÅX[É KÉ IÎjHÅ LÉ oÉLÑ L× DÊ &A$ $?0$)2= [15]

A½LÎÎKÑ ÒÎYHÕ FÉÃ] Ö eLÌ DÕ HÙX TÎHÕ DÙ LÌ Î gHÑ I×?ÎIÕ DÆ Î IÕ DI Ò mLI DÊ ÉXWÑ HI DT ßDYÅLÆ DÛ _LÎ ÎKÑ KÌ]ÃT DË HÑ DÊOne wife, Hannah, who was childless, prayed there for a son

Î HÑ I× DÊ ÉXÃß LI Î IÝFÌ KÅ DÊ ÉYWÑ HI DÆ É_LÑ DÐ LÅ Î]IÝFÌ KÅ ÉeL KÌ Ò LÜ LfKÊ ,A$ $?0$)2= [16]

A½LÎ DÎ Ñ_KÐÎ IÉ ßYKË XË DÓ?Ñ K× Å eIaH] KÉ?Ñ K× iÆ IIÂÎ Ô gIÉÃ] KÉand her prayer was answered. When this son, Samuel, was old

enough she brought him to Shiloh and left him to assist Eli at the

Tabernacle.

ÉjLÙÎ IÅ DÊ iÉ LIWÑ DI ÒÎ[VÝ LÙ DT Xf gKÑ LÓ DU Ý JIFÅK] W kL_ H× XÉjIÑF× KfKÊ '/A$ $?0$)2= [17]

AÝ K×½LÕ Ý K×YK KÉ DÊ DXÑ HI YLÎ DÎ?ßÎIÆ XÉ_IÅ HÆ DfKÊ ÔHÎeKÎ Ñ JÆ IÕ DÊ iÌ KÓjJÜ ß_KÌ KÅOnce a year on the annual visit she would bring him a coat.

Elkanah and Hannah lived in the area known as Mount Ephraim,

and Shiloh was roughly in the centre of that area, so it could not

be very far away, yet she visited her son only once a year.

Perhaps she was afraid that if she saw him often she might be

tempted to take him home, against her vow. The boy grew up.

Meanwhile the Ark had returned from Bethel to Shiloh

eLÎ DÎ Ñ KÐÎ IÉ DT ÆXIÐWI ÑYIÅXÓ DIX É eJT DÐHÎ ÒJÝ JÍ iÒÎ HÉWÑ EÅ Ý[IÕ DÊ &A& $?0$)2= [18]

AÒÎ½HÉWÑ EÅ ÔD»ÝFÅ ÒYLI?Ý JIFÅSamuel certainly did not sleep inside the Tabernacle. There are

two possible explanations of the verse:

(i) The lamp had not yet gone out (while Samuel lay down to

sleep) in the Sanctuary.

(ii) The word ¼ÑKÐ¼Î IÉ refers to a building, a temple (which we will

consider later) which enclosed the Tabernacle and its surrounding


area, and Samuel slept inside the temple but not in the Tabernacle.

Samuel began to become a navi (‘prophet’), receiving direct

messages from God.

XLÎ DÎ?ßÎ IT ßDß DÑKV?ß JÅ ÌYKf DÙH[KÊ Ý JÜ eÃT KÉ?È K× }Ñ IÅXÓ DI Æ[K] DIH[KÊ ),A& $?0$)2= [19]

AÎ½HÑ I×?Ñ JÅ ÉYLÅUÝ K_ KÉ?ß JÅ ÈÎ_HU KÉ IÓ Å eIÝLÎ Ñ IÅXÓ DIXThe significance of Samuel opening the doors of the House of

God will be considered later.

Ñ]IÅXÓ DI?Ñ JÅ aLÎ DÎ ÉjLÑ DÇHÕ?ÎH] ÉXWÑ HI DÆ ÉÃÅLÝ IÉ DÑ YLÎ DÎ Ø JÖ_Â[ KÊ $/A& $?0$)2= [20]

A½LÎ DÎ Ý_KÆUÈ HT DYÑ HI DT

Eli’s sons used to seriously misbehave towards those who came

to Shiloh to offer sacrifices, and Eli was cursed for this.

Ý JIFÅ Ñ\Ã] ÝX eÝ Lb KÆ DÅ iß KÌjK KdKÆ D[Å ÈX gV KÆ DÅ ÝDk[ H] KÆ ÉjL] HÉ DÊ '-A% $?0$)2= [21]

AÉ ½WÑ HI DT ÒYLI ÒÎ_HÅ LT KÉ Ñ eIÅLÝ DKHÎ?ÑLÐ DÑ XKF×KÎ ÉLÐ\L] DXT ÔYIÉÃ] KÉ Ì_KdHÎ Ç eIÑ DË K_ KÉ É JÑF×KÎ

In a later war against the Philistines the Israelites found

themselves on the losing side. In response to popular request, Eli’s

two sons then took the Ark to the battle scene.

É L_ LÑ Ñ eIÅLÝ DKHÎ Î IÕ DÜHË TXÝ DÓÅÂ[KÊ cÉJÕFÌ K_ KÉ?Ñ JÅ hÒ L× LÉ ÅÃÆL[KÊ '-&A' $?0$)2= [22]

eLÎ DÎ ßÎ VÝ DT TÔDÝFÅ?ß JÅ É gWÑ HJ HÓ XÕÎ IÑ IÅ ÉaLÌ DÜHÕ ÒÎXHf DI HÑ DÙ Î IÕ DÙ HÑ ÒDY[ KÉ ]LÎ DÎ XÕaLÙLÇ DÕß IÅ Ò gLJ HÓ XÅ DKH[KÊ É eWÑ HI iÒ L× LÉ Ì[KÑ DIH[KÊ AXÕÎ½IÆ DÎÃÅ Ø_K] HÓ XÕYI× HIÂÎ DÊ XÕ eITUÝ HÜ DÆ ÅÃÆLÎ DÊßÎ VÝ DT TÔDÝFÅ?Ò H× Î gHÑ I×?ÎIÕ DÆ Î IÕ DI Ò mLI DÊ ÒÎXHÆ OÝ D] KÉ Æ IIÂÎ ßDYÅLÆ DÛ ]LÎ DÎ?ßÎVÝ DT ÔDaÝFÅ

AÖ ½LÌ DÕÎ HÙX ÎYHÕ DÙ LÌ ÒÎ eHÉWÑ EÅ LÉEli was probably against the idea, as he was worried. Both of

his sons were killed (in fulfilment of part of the curse) and the

Ark was captured by the Philistines.

ÅXXÉ KÉ ÒD [ KT ÉYWÑ HI Å_ÃÆL[KÊ É eLÐLÝF× K_ KÉ IÓ TÔ HÓLÎ DÕ HT?IÎ HÅ ÚLÝ[L[ KÊ %-A' $?0$)2= [23]

AD ½IÅÃÝ?Ñ K× ÉYLÓLÈFÅKÊ ÒÎ eH×OÝ DÜ ÊÎ LV KÓXOn hearing the news Eli collapsed and died.


The Philistines found the Ark to be a ‘hot potato’ and after only

seven months they returned it. However it was not returned to

Shiloh – the Israelites had a job to find a place for it. And Shiloh

is not mentioned again anywhere in the Bible (apart from referring

to the home of someone, which we will come to) until several

hundred years later by Jeremiah (supported in one of the Psalms),

who refers to its destruction. That means that something happened

to Shiloh during that seven months that the Philistines held the

Ark, and the Sanctuary was never restored there. It is generally

assumed that the Philstines came and destroyed it, but that is not

mentioned and there is evidence against that.

–––––––––––––––––

4. AHIJAH

After the time of Eli the next references to Shiloh are to a

period a few generations later on, in the time of Solomon.5

A navi (so-called ‘prophet’) named Ahijah lived there and is

referred to as Ahijah the Shilonite. This distinguishes him from

another Ahijah, Eli’s grandson and successor as High Priest who

is mentioned casually in the story of Saul’s battle against the

Philistines.

ÎkHÑ I×?ÔJT ÖjLÌ DÕÎ Hb?Ô JT @ÈDÆ LÐÎ HÅ Î nHÌFÅ ÆX nÍ HÌFÅ?Ô JÆ É L[ HÌFÅKÊ &A'- $?0$)2= [24]

AÔ ½LßLÕDÎ EYKÑ LÉ Î_H] × eKÈLÎ ÅWÑ iÒ L× LÉ DÊ ÈDXÙ IÅ Å IKÂÕ DYÑ HI DT ]LÎ DÎ @ÔaIÉÃ](The ‘priest in Shiloh’ was of course Eli, not Ahijah who wore

the Ephod. Shiloh of the Tabernacle was no longer.)

Ahijah told Jeroboam that God had decided he should be king

of Israel, only not over all of it. This happened, but Jeroboam

abused his position and turned the population to idolatry. He

placed two golden calves, one at Dan in the far north, already a

‘holy city’ to the Danites who had placed Micah’s idol there; the

other at Bethel in the far south of his territory, which (by its

name) had a ‘holy’ history and where in addition the Ark had

once been; but he did not attempt to revive Shiloh (where Ahijah

lived) in the middle.

When his son was critically ill Jeroboam sent his wife to

disguise herself and go to Shiloh to consult Ahijah

X e×UÈIÎ ÅWÑ DÊ ßÎeH Kf DI HÉ DÊ iÅLÕ Î HÓX[Ü D gf DI HÅ DÑ ÒkL× DÆLÝLÎ Ý JÓÅjÂ[KÊ %A'- $?1-/02 [25]

ÅÎ eHÆL KÉ É L[ HÌFÅ iÒ LI?ÉI HÉ É gWÑ HI Df DÐ KÑ LÉ DÊ ÒXL× DÆLÝLÎ ß JI IÅ [ DfYKÅ] ÎßÅ?ÎH]AÉ½JY KÉ Ò_L× LÉ?Ñ K× E JÑYJÓ DÑ Î]KÑ L× Ý_JTVÈ?ÅXÉ

5. Apart from the refernce to Saul’s battle, given below.


ßÎ IT ÅYÃÆ LfKÊ É eWÑ HI E JÑ IfKÊ iÒ LÜjLfKÊ Ò eL× DÆLÝLÎ ß JI IÅ TÔ I] K K×[KfKÊ 'A'- $?1-/02 [26]

AD½ÆÎ IL HÓ ÊÎYLÕ Î I× XÓ_LÜ Î]H] ßD eÅUÝ HÑ ÑÃÐLÎ?ÅWÑ TXÉjL[ HÌFÅKÊ ÉXL[ HÌFÅAlthough blind from age (probably from a cataract), Ahijah,

forewarned by God, recognised her footsteps. He told her that the

child would die as she re-entered her home town, that Jeroboam

would be punished, and so it was. However, nothing in this story

tells us anything about Shiloh except that Ahijah lived there, and

therefore the actual town itself, as against the Sanctuary, was

either not destroyed (see later) or was rebuilt.

Solomon had meanwhile removed a descendant of Eli from

being High Priest, in conformity with the curse.

i$I¬ K2 D0 XL- -K0 3YI(N¤ >}_- D( H2 < eL>L- D% J$?> J$ i(N2W0 D ¸J<[L& D-K) */A% $?1-/02 [27]

A(½W0 H Dx -YH0 I6 >-_Ix?0 K6 <]Jx Vz <_J F$ eL- D- < K% Uz?> J$

–––––––––––––––

5. JEREMIAH

Jeremiah refers to the destruction of Shiloh by God in revenge

for Israel’s misbehaviour, and threatens a repeat with Jerusalem.

ÒYLI Î]HÓ DI Î Hf DÕaK] HI Ý jJIFÅ D eÑÎ HI DT Ý JIFÅ TÎ HÓDÜ DÓ?Ñ JÅ ÅgLÕ?XÐ DÑ Î H] %-A* (-2<- [28]

AÑ ½IÅLÝ DKHÎ Î_H_ K× ßYK×LÝ ÎfIÕ Db HÓ D eÑ Î HßÎ HK L×?Ý JIFÅ ß IÅ TXÅUÝX ÉXLÕ DIÅVÝ LT

ÒÎ HÌ DÍÃT iÒ Jf KÅ Ý[JIFÅ ÊÎgLÑ L× Î HÓ DI?ÅLÝ DÜHÕ ÝaJIFÅ @ßHÎ KT KÑ Î HßÎ kHK L× DÊ '- * (-2<- [29]

AD½Ñ HI DÑ Î HßÎYHK L× Ý_JIFÅ K] ÒXJÐÎ IßDÆFÅKÑ DÊ ÒYJÐ LÑ Î Hf_KßLÕ?Ý JIFÅ ÒD eÜ L_jKÑ DÊ D eT

[ißÅÂY KÉ] (ÉßÅËÉ) ÝÎ[H× LÉ?ß JÅ DÊ ÉXWÑ HI D] ÉYJY KÉ ßHÎ_KT KÉ?ß JÅ Î]Hf KßLÕ DÊ )A)/ (-2<- [30]

AÚJÝ ½LÅ LÉ _IÎ DU ÑYÃÐ DÑ É eLÑ LÑ DÜHÑ Ô If JÅ

ÝÎ_H× LÉ DÊ ÉeJY KÉ ßHÎ KT KÉ iÉJÎ DÉHÎ TDÑ HI D] Ý gÃÓÅIÑ kLÎ DÎ?Ò II DÆ LßÎjITHÕ oK×XV KÓ ,A)/ (-2<- [31]

A½LÎ DÎ ßÎ_IÆ DT XÉYLÎ DÓUÝHÎ?Ñ JÅ Ò]L× LÉ?ÑL] ÑaIÉ LdH[KÊ ÆXIIDÎ ÔÎ IÅ IÓ ÆYKÝ EÌ Jf ßÅ]ÂY KÉHis remarks are supported by a Psalm

AÒ½LÈ LÅ LT Ô_I] HI Ñ JÉlgÃÅ DXÑ HI Ô K] DI HÓ IÃZH[ZKÊ 5A+6 1-0(2 [32]

Yet the Tabernacle and Altar that Bezalel made appear again

long after Eli (though before Jeremiah), in the time of Solomon.

They had somehow made their way, without the Ark, to Gibeon

(2Chron 1:35).6 How could it be that they were not destroyed?

And what was destroyed?

The first of the verses quoted above says ‘Go to my place in

Shiloh and see what I did to it.’ There was a terrible mess there

that could still be seen some five hundred years later in the time

of Jeremiah, and there had been no attempt to rebuild.

6. A suggestion that they were once at Nob has no biblical support. Theshowbread there was a mere reminder, not the real thing, or David could nothave eaten it.


We refer back to the statement that Samuel ‘opened the doors

of God’s House’. The Tabernacle did not have doors, and anyway

as he was not a priest Samuel would not be allowed to approach

the actual Tabernacle. The conclusion is that the Tabernacle was

enclosed in some sort of building of wood or more likely stone,

which may have surrounded the entire area. This explains

Jeremiah, since if it was destroyed there must have been

something to destroy, yet the Tabernacle and Altar (and perhaps

more) survived till the time of Solomon.

It is generally assumed, though nothing is mentioned in the

Bible, that the destruction was by the Philistines. If it was the

Philistines who came and destroyed Shiloh, how did they leave

the Tabernacle intact and how were these rescued? And why was

nothing rebuilt? Far more likely the Philistines did not reach

Shiloh, but the destruction was by an earthquake or something

similar. (I have experienced an earthquake, admittedlly a very

mild one, in my house in nearby modern Eli, which adjoins

Shiloh.) This could have destroyed the outer structure while all

inside it was rescued and removed from the area.

Although not mentioned in our records, the destruction made a

great impression on the people, who still remembered it at the

time of Jeremiah, or he would not have mentioned it.

A final reference to Shiloh in Jeremiah

-_I+ D¬O& D2 ¸- eH$ 1- H4 N2 D T3}< D2W¹ H2| }[0 H¹ H2 1mJ/ D¹ H2 1- H L4pF$ |$N%L£K) (A$2 (-2<- [33]

A½L- D- >-_Ix $-YH% L( D0 1 eL'L- Dx i(L4}% D0| ([L+D4 H2| 1-XV'U'Ny D> H2| 1-YV'L& D% -_I6O< D;| 3]L;L*‘Eighty men arrived from Shechem, from Shiloh, and from

Samaria .....’ confirms that the town still existed in Jeremiah’s

time, even after the destruction of Jerusalem, and his earlier

remarks were about the Sanctuary.


Why was Shiloh destroyed? Eli’s sons misbehaved towards the

people who brought sacrifices and even insulted the sacrifices

themselves, bringing about a curse on Eli and his descendants, but

if the priests misbehaved why should the people be punished? For

a partial reply, we read that Eli’s sons also slept with the women

who gathered around the Tabernacle, the corollary being that the

women consented (or worse), which indicates the hypocrisy of the

population in their religious practice.

They are still excavating at Shiloh, let us see what they will

come up with.

OCCURENCES OF SHILOH IN THE BIBLE

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