C M Y K Yxxx,2019-08-05,A,001,Bs-4C,E2

U(DF463D)X+%!$!#!=!}

DAYTON, Ohio — On Sunday,Americans woke up to news of ashooting rampage in an enter-tainment district in Dayton, Ohio,where a man wearing body ar-mor shot and killed nine people,including his own sister. Hoursearlier, a 21-year-old with a rifleentered a Walmart in El Paso andkilled 20 people.

In a country that has becomenearly numb to men with gunsopening fire in schools, at con-certs and in churches, the back-to-back bursts of gun violence inless than 24 hours were enough toleave the public stunned andshaken. The shootings groundthe 2020 presidential campaignto a halt, reignited a debate ongun control and called into ques-tion the increasingly angry wordsdirected at immigrants on thesouthern border in recent weeksby right-wing pundits and Presi-dent Trump.

“It’s outrageous,” said TerrionFoster, who works in accountingand lives in Kansas City, Mo.,where he was out shopping at afarmer’s market near downtownon Sunday afternoon. “It’s reallysad because I feel like you can’tgo anywhere and be safe. I’m 50years old and I didn’t think I’d bealive to see some of the thingsthat are going on today.”

The shootings prompted Re-publicans, including Mr. Trump,to condemn the gunmen’s actionsand offer support to the people ofDayton and El Paso. Democratsurged Congress to take actionand pass stricter gun laws. “Wehave a responsibility to the peo-ple we serve to act,” SpeakerNancy Pelosi said in a statement.

Residents of El Paso were onedge, grimly aware of a manifestoposted online that the authoritiessaid was written by the suspect,Patrick Crusius, 21, who was inpolice custody. The manifestospoke of a “Hispanic invasion ofTexas,” described an imminentattack by the writer and railedagainst immigrants.

Federal investigators in ElPaso said they were treating themassacre at the Walmart thatalso wounded another 27 on Sat-urday morning as an act of do-mestic terrorism, and prosecu-tors said they were consideringfederal hate crime charges. Theywere also considering federalgun charges that would carry thedeath penalty.

“We are going to conduct a me-thodical and careful investigationwith a view toward thosecharges,” said John F. Bash, theUnited States attorney for the

2 Gunmen Kill 29 inAttacks in Dayton

and El Paso

This article is by Campbell Rob-ertson, Julie Bosman and MitchSmith.

A vigil was held in Dayton, Ohio, on Sunday for the victims of a mass shooting early that morning that occurred within 24 hours of another mass shooting in El Paso.MADDIE McGARVEY FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Parishioners during a vigil at Blessed Sacrament church in El Paso. Texas state troopers guarded the entrance to Cielo Vista Mall, where 20 people died on Saturday.ADRIANA ZEHBRAUSKAS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES ADRIANA ZEHBRAUSKAS FOR THE NEW YORK TIMES

Continued on Page A12

ONE SHOOTING MASSACRE FOLLOWS ANOTHER,SHAKING A BEWILDERED NATION TO ITS CORE

TOKYO — North Korea hadlaunched its third barrage ofshort-range missiles in just over aweek, parading its growing abilityto strike its neighbors with devas-tating firepower.

But instead of banding togetheragainst a common adversary lastweek, the two American allies inthe path of the missiles — Japanand South Korea — were locked intheir own bitter battle with rootsstretching back over 100 years.

The discord stems from Japan’scolonial occupation of the KoreanPeninsula before and during

World War II, and what, if any-thing, it still owes for abuses com-mitted during that era, includingforced labor and sexual slavery.The long-simmering conflicterupted into a full diplomatic cri-sis on Friday, when Japan threat-ened to slow down exports of ma-terials essential to South Koreanindustries.

By Saturday night, thousands ofprotesters marched in the streetsof Seoul, accusing Japan of an“economic invasion” and threat-ening an intelligence-sharingagreement that the United Statesconsiders crucial to monitoringNorth Korea’s nuclear buildup.

Washington has long relied onboth countries to stand alongside

it to help counter China’s rise andthe nuclear-armed North. But de-spite the dangers of a deepeningdivide between its allies, theTrump administration has beenreluctant to get involved to repairthe rift.

President Trump said he might

As Trade Conflict Worsens Japan-South Korea Relations, U.S. Takes a Step BackThis article is by Motoko Rich, Ed-

ward Wong and Choe Sang-Hun.

Continued on Page A8

TONE Beto O’Rourke handedPresident Trump some blame inthe El Paso shooting. PAGE A14

At campaign rallies before lastyear’s midterm elections, Presi-dent Trump repeatedly warnedthat America was under attackby immigrants heading for the

border. “You look atwhat is marchingup, that is an inva-sion!” he declaredat one rally. “That is

an invasion!”Nine months later, a 21-year-

old white man is accused ofopening fire in a Walmart in ElPaso, killing 20 people and injur-ing dozens more after writing amanifesto railing against immi-gration and announcing that“this attack is a response to theHispanic invasion of Texas.”

The suspect wrote that his

views “predate Trump,” as ifanticipating the political debatethat would follow the blood bath.But if Mr. Trump did not origi-nally inspire the gunman, he hasbrought into the mainstreampolarizing ideas and people onceconsigned to the fringes of Amer-ican society.

While other leaders have ex-pressed concern about bordersecurity and the costs of illegalimmigration, Mr. Trump hasfilled his public speeches andTwitter feed with sometimesfalse, fear-stoking language evenas he welcomed to the WhiteHouse a corps of hard-liners,demonizers and conspiracytheorists shunned by past presi-

In Texas Gunman’s Manifesto,An Echo of Trump’s Language

By PETER BAKER and MICHAEL D. SHEAR

Continued on Page A15

NEWSANALYSIS

EL PASO — Two nations physi-cally and culturally come togetherin El Paso. The bustling Walmarton the city’s east side, just minutesfrom the border with Mexico, ex-emplified those ties.

The store was a border versionof Middle America: A large num-ber of Mexican-American familiesfrom El Paso crowded into themegastore daily for inexpensivegroceries and, late in the summer,back-to-school supplies. Almost asoften, families from Mexico droveacross the international bridge tobuy bargain TVs, cartons of dia-pers and discount clothing. It wasone of the company’s top 10 inAmerica: Where most stores of its

kind average 14,000 customers aweek, the El Paso Walmart, a retailanalyst said, saw 65,000.

Its racks were stocked withMexican soccer jerseys, cans ofchiles and salsa and Mexicanflags, folded beneath the Ameri-can and Texas flags on display. Thepharmacy’s staff members werefully bilingual.

“It really does feel like a UnitedNations store,” said Burt P.Flickinger III, a retail consultantwho has visited and studied thestore.

This is the border as it is livedeveryday, far from the heated na-tional debate over immigration.Children come and go across theinternational boundary for school;others come for jobs and shopping.

A Store That Connected Cultures,Until a Killer ‘Came Here for Us’

This article is by Simon Romero,Manny Fernandez and MichaelCorkery.

Continued on Page A13

Fredrick Brennan was gettingready for church at his home inthe Philippines when the news ofa mass shooting in El Paso ar-rived. His response was immedi-

ate and instinctive.“Whenever I hear

about a mass shoot-ing, I say, ‘All right,we have to researchif there’s an 8chanconnection,’” he said

about the online message boardhe started in 2013.

It didn’t take him long to findone.

Moments before the El Pasoshooting on Saturday, a four-page message whose authoridentified himself as the gunmanappeared on 8chan. The personwho posted the message encour-aged his “brothers” on the site tospread the contents far and wide.

In recent months, 8chan hasbecome a go-to resource forviolent extremists. At least threemass shootings this year —including the mosque killings inChristchurch, New Zealand, andthe synagogue shooting inPoway, Calif. — have been an-nounced in advance on the site,

8chan on WebIs Dark RefugeFor Extremists

Continued on Page A15

KEVINROOSE

THE SHIFT

As debates rage over solutions, busi-nesses are watching income slip awayaround Lake Hopatcong, N.J. PAGE A17

NEW YORK A17, 20

Algae Bloom Ruins SummerThe last-player-standing game Fortnitecreated a sensation, and has inspiredimitators hoping to cash in. PAGE B4

BUSINESS B1-5, 8

The Fight Over Battle RoyaleThe Netflix sitcom “Derry Girls,” set in1990s Northern Ireland, uses a lighttouch to deal with a tumultuous era.Above, a scene from Season 2. PAGE C1

ARTS C1-6

Humor in a Conflict Zone

The state news media reported thecommandeering of an Iraqi ship smug-gling fuel to Arab countries, the thirdsuch action in the last month. PAGE A4

INTERNATIONAL A4-9

Iran Seizes a Tanker AgainDuring soccer’s three-month windowfor buying and selling the rights toplayers, Sevilla thrives by relying onuncommonly deep scouting and a verysmart man with a cellphone. PAGE D1

SPORTSMONDAY D1-6

Mastering the Transfer Market

The au pair’s boyfriend has beencharged in the murders that stunned aNew Jersey neighborhood. PAGE A20

Club Owner and Nanny Killed

Ukraine’s president, Volodymyr Zelen-sky, a former comedian, is makinginroads with Russian speakers. PAGE A4

Playing to Putin’s Crowd

After swaying key Democratic candi-dates, climate liberals like the SunriseMovement flex their muscles. PAGE A16

NATIONAL A10-16

Next Step for Climate ActivistsBrex gives charge cards to new firms,and its growth is a sign of Silicon Val-ley’s unflagging exuberance. PAGE B1

Start-Ups Serving Start-Ups

Nike aired an ad during the Women’sWorld Cup. Visa demanded new con-tract terms with U.S. Soccer. Will morecompanies join in, and will their contri-butions be decisive? PAGE D1

Sponsors Join Equal-Pay Fight

Charles M. Blow PAGE A19

EDITORIAL, OP-ED A18-19

PUSHING BACK Mexico vowed totake action to protect Mexicansliving in the U.S. PAGE A16

DEBATE The gun lobby has struc-tural advantages, but activistshave grass-roots energy. PAGE A14

VOL. CLXVIII . . . No. 58,410 © 2019 The New York Times Company MONDAY, AUGUST 5, 2019 Printed in Chicago $3.00

Clouds and sunshine. Highs in the80s to lower 90s. Partly to mostlycloudy tonight. Showers or thunder-storms late north. Lows in the 60s tolower 70s. Weather map, Page B6.

National Edition