SHADING• Shading helps to give the illusion of form (3D-ness) by showing range from light to dark. • Methods of shading include: hatching, cross hatching, scribble, stipple, blending, patterns or colour. • The number of lines (or dots or pattern), the closeness together of these lines (or dots or patterns),

or the pressure put on the pencil work together to create the different value shades.

TIPS WHEN SHADING:1. LIGHT SOURCE – where the light is coming from

• TIP - draw a little arrow to show where the light is coming from2. HIGHLIGHT - the LIGHTEST value (parts), created because these surfaces face the light

source3. MIDTONES – where the surface is receiving less and less light (therefore will be darker and

darker GREY). There should be a couple middle shades.4. DARKEST (CORE SHADOW) is the DARKEST value – on the opposite side from the light

source5. SHADOW behind the object – opposite from the light source

• TIP - a shadow should not have a sharp edge, but rather one that fades to lighter

PRESSURE AND BLENDING• Slowly move the pencil back and forth• Use different pressure on the pencil to create lighter or darker shadings.

o Press VERY LIGHTLY for light shades and gradually press HARDER for darker shades. • A blending stump can sometimes be used to blend the pencil lines together using SMALL

circular motions. Although it can also make the difference between the middle shades less noticeable, erasing all your hard work. :(

o (AVOID using your finger to blend - this adds oil to the page, often added grease spots, rubbing away the surface of the paper, or makes everything the same shade instead of multiple shades)

HATCHING• Uses a series of short parallel lines. • They can go diagonally, horizontally, vertically or follow the shape of the object. • To create a value scale from light to dark you draw lines getting closer and closer together.

o The lightest would be no lines, the darkest would be lines touching and greys would get gradually closer together.

• Sometimes the hatching lines can change direction to indicate a different shade or colour or object in the picture.

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CROSSHATCHING• To create shades, lines are drawn at different angles to each other, layer upon layer. First in one

direction. Then in another. Then another. Etc. • Keep adding more and more layers - more and more lines overlap to create darker shades.

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SCRIBBLE (or Scumbling)• The pencil moves around in random directions back and forth in scribble like motions. • To create lighter shades use a small amount of scribble lines and leave lots of space between

the scribble lines. To create darker shades make scribble lines closer together and go back over spaces to overlap scribble lines.

STIPPLING • Instead of lines you use dots to shade. • The closer the dots are to each other the darker the shade will look.

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PATTERN• Any pattern, shape, words, etc can be used to create a value scale just alter the thickness of the

line, or how close the pattern lines are to each other.

• The patterns could even be different, as long as the relative amount of space between shapes gave the illusion of going from lighter to darker.