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T H E S H I H T Z U

Brenda Hoddinott M08 INTERMEDIATE: ANIMALS & FANTASY

With a focus on improving observation skills, you first sketch Panda’s proportions within a grid, then outline her facial features with neat lines, and finally add

shading to the face and head with squirkles and curved hatching lines.

The following five sections guide you step-by-step through this project:

INTRODUCTION: Before I begin sketching, I examine my photograph and decide to rotate it slightly toward the right (so her face isn’t as tilted).

SKETCHING BASIC PROPORTIONS: You draw a grid on your drawing paper, and then sketch the various parts of Panda on your drawing paper proportionately correct.

OUTLINING TWO EYES, A NOSE, AND A MOUTH: You erase grid lines, and then use a freshly sharpened HB pencil to replace the initial sketch lines with neat, thin outlines.

ADDING SHADING TO PANDA’S FEATURES: You add shading to Panda’s eyes, nose and mouth with a combination of hatching and squirkles.

HATCHING A FURRY HEAD AND FACE: You use HB, 2B, 4B, and 6B pencils to finish the fur by adding curved hatching lines to the rest of Panda’s face and head.

You need basic drawing supplies including good quality white paper, graphite pencils (HB, 2B, 4B, and 6B), kneaded and vinyl erasers, and a pencil sharpener.

This lesson is recommended for artists with experience in shading with curved hatching lines and squirkles, as well as students of home schooling, academic and recreational fine art educators.

13 PAGES – 34 ILLUSTRATIONS

Published by Hoddinott Publishing for Drawspace.com, Halifax, NS, Canada - 2009

Copyright to all articles, images, text, projects, lessons and exercises within this drawing class belong to Brenda Hoddinott and may not be reproduced or used for any commercial purposes whatsoever without the written permission of Brenda Hoddinott. E-mail: [email protected] Web site: http://www.drawspace.com

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Figure 801

ART SPEAK Sketch is a quickly rendered drawing that illustrates the important elements of your drawing subject with very few details. Sketching refers to the method used for creating a quick, rough representation or outline of a planned drawing subject. A sketch can also be a completed work of art. Proportion is the relationship in size of one component of a drawing to another or others. Drawing is the application of an art medium to a surface so as to produce a visual image that visually defines an artist’s choice of drawing subjects from his or her own unique perspective. Grid is a precise arrangement of a specific number of squares, of exact sizes, proportionately drawn on both a photo and drawing surface. Shading refers to the various shades of gray in a drawing that create the illusion that subjects are three-dimensional. Values are the different shades of gray created when you draw by varying both the density of the shading lines, and the pressure used in holding various pencils. A full range of values from light to dark gives contrast between the light and the shadow areas. Contrast refers to the comparison of different values when put beside one another.

Figure 802

INTRODUCTION Panda is the owner of several humans, including my mom (Pamela Hoddinott), sister (Karen), niece (Amy), and two nephews (Adam and Colin). If Panda was a human, she’d probably have braces; however, as a Shih Tzu, those funny teeth actually enhance her “cute” factor (Figure 801).

Before I begin sketching, I examine my photograph and decide to rotate it slightly toward the right (so her face isn’t as tilted). In addition, I used Photoshop to change the colors to grayscale; the various values are now easier to distinguish (Figure 802).

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Figure 803

Grids help artists with numerous challenges, such as rendering precise proportions. A grid is already drawn on the reference photo for you to follow (Figure 803). You may prefer to print the photo on this page and keep it beside you on your drawing desk as you work. If you aren’t used to working with a grid, refer to Lesson J07 - The Process of Working with a Grid by Cindy Wider.

SKETCHING BASIC PROPORTIONS In this section, you draw a grid on your drawing paper, and then sketch the various parts of Panda on your drawing paper proportionately correct. If the proportions of your subject are off, no amount of beautiful shading or fancy pencil marks can save your drawing.




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ART SPEAK Curved lines are created when a straight line curves (or bends). Drawing space (sometimes called a drawing format) refers to the area of a drawing surface within a specific perimeter, outlined by a shape of any size, such as a square, rectangle or circle. Light source: is the direction from which a dominant light originates. The placement of this light source shows you where to draw all the values and shadows. Shape refers to the outward outline of a form. Form as applied to drawing, is the illusion of the three-dimensional structure of a shape, such as a circle, square or triangle, created in a drawing with shading and/or perspective.

Figure 805

Figure 804

1) Use an HB pencil and a ruler to draw a square on your drawing paper as your drawing space.

Refer to Figure 804. I added a row of partial squares at the bottom so I have the option of extending her beard.

BE CAREFUL! Don’t press too hard with your pencils! Lightly drawn lines are easier to erase! No matter how careful you are, when drawing with a grid, accidents do happen! If you draw in the wrong squares, simply erase that section, redraw the grid lines, and keep on going! The illustrations are shown much darker than they really are so you can see the faint lines.

2) Divide your square into 36 smaller squares to create a simple grid.

The grid is designed to help you draw Panda’s eyes, nose, and mouth in their proper places and identify the directions in which her fur grows.

3) Draw what you see in each square beginning with those in the upper left.

Use the photo (Figure 803) as your primary reference. The numbers and letters help you from getting the squares mixed up. You can also refer to Figures 805 and 806, especially if you become confused. Most grid squares are filled with simple curved lines that show the directions in which the fur grows.

Short curved lines mark short sections of fur and longer lines identify sections of longer fur. Also, take note of how many curved lines extend into adjacent grid squares.




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Figure 806

This section is designed to enhance your observation skills and refine your abilities to translate what you see into a drawing.

4) Check over the proportions of your sketch and adjust any areas with which you aren’t completely happy.

5) Pat your sketch with your kneaded eraser until the lines are so faint that you can barely see them.

OUTLINING TWO EYES, A NOSE, AND A MOUTH You begin by erasing the grid lines, and then use a freshly sharpened HB pencil to replace the initial sketch lines with neat, thin outlines. Refer to the photo in Figure 803.




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Figure 808

Figure 811 Figure 810

Figure 807

Figure 809

6) Use a sharp edge of your vinyl eraser to erase the grid lines.

I prefer to erase only the grid lines in the sections in which I plan to immediately work. However, before I erase anything, I double check to make sure all my lines are sketched in the right places. If you prefer, you can erase all your grid lines at once.

7) Carefully examine Figures 807 to 811 in sequence.

8) Redraw Panda’s facial features with thin neat lines that provide more detailed information.

Watch closely the curves and sizes of each line in relation to the other lines and spaces.

Keep your pencil sharpener and/or sandpaper block handy and constantly sharpen the point of your pencil as you work.




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Figure 812

ARTSPEAK Highlight: a bright spot(s) or section(s) where light bounces off the shiny surfaces of an eye or nose. Iris: the large circular shape of a dog’s eye that varies in value from very light (probably blue or light brown) to very dark (dark brown). White: the primary section of the eyeball. Pupil: the dark circle inside the iris often has the darkest values of the entire drawing. Highlights are usually touching or inside the pupil.

Figure 813

HELPFUL HINT! When working from a photo, you may come across sections that are not detailed enough to draw accurately. This is where you do some research! For example, maybe the eyes of the dog in your reference photo are partially covered with fur. Search through photos on the Internet or in books to find an image of a similar dog in which the eyes are detailed and in sharp focus.

9) Add a few circular shapes to identify the highlights in the eyes and light values on the nose.

Refer to Figure 812. Highlights in the eyes stay light; hence, by outlining them, you remember not to shade these sections with dark values. Each eye has two highlights (one big and one small). The circular shapes on the nose serve as guides for adding light values.

ADDING SHADING TO PANDA’S FEATURES In this section, you add shading to Panda’s eyes, nose and mouth with a combination of hatching and squirkles. The light source is from the front and slightly to the right.

10) Use hatching and an HB pencil to add light values to the irises, nose and mouth.

Refer to Figure 813.

Remember to leave the highlights white!

11) Fill in the pupils and nostrils with hatching lines that are closer together (Figure 814).




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Figure 814

Figure 816

Figure 815

Figure 817

Figure 818

12) Outline the fur around the lower inside sections of the eye with very thin lines.

13) Use a freshly sharpened 2B pencil to fill in the sections of the iris behind the fur.

Refer to Figures 815 and 816.

14) Follow along with Figures 817 to 825 to complete the shading of Panda’s facial features.

Use HB and 2B pencils for the light and medium values. A 4B or 6B works best for the pupil.

My sketch lines are all still here; however, they are too faint for the scanner to detect them.

Use hatching for the eyes and mouth and squirkles for the nose.

In the final stages of shading the nose, I add lots of dots to the nose with a 4B pencil.

A little of the fur of her beard is outlined before I add shading to her mouth.




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Figure 819 Figure 820

Figure 821

Figure 822

Figure 823

Figure 824

Fur also grows from the lower edge of her lip (Figure 820).

As you can see in Figure 821, shading is added all around the lower teeth, but the teeth are still mostly white. Teeth are best rendered with very little shading (Figure 822).

By shading the fur around each feature first, shading the rest of her head becomes simple!




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Figure 825

Figure 826

Figure 827

HATCHING A FURRY HEAD AND FACE In this section, you use HB, 2B, and 4B pencils to finish the fur by adding curved hatching lines to the rest of Panda’s face and head.

15) Use curved hatching lines of various lengths to add fur to Panda’s head and face.

Refer to Figures 826 to 834. In places where the fur is not white, use an HB pencil to fill most of the leftover white sections after you draw all the hatching lines.

You need to move your wrist and whole arm to render long, smoothly flowing strands of fur (or hair).

Make sure your wrist and arm are nice and loose. Try standing and shaking your arm for a couple of minutes before you sit to draw.

Take your time! Don’t rush! Also, the point of your pencil needs to be kept very sharp. Many a dull pencil has completely ruined a drawing of fur or hair!




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Figure 829

Figure 828

Figure 830

Figure 831

As you can see in Figures 827 to 829, my shading lines extend outside the perimeter of my drawing space. When I finish, the drawing will be cropped all around.

For example, compare Figure 829 to Figure 830. The drawing in Figure 830 is cropped along the upper and left sides.

The beard is mostly light values, but not as light as the shading above her nose and between her eyes.




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Figure 832

Figure 833

Figure 834

Before I add detailed fur to the lower right, I lay down some values (Figure 832) using the photo (Figure 803) as a reference.

Overall, my final drawing is considerably lighter than the reference photo.

The photo was taken with a flash and somehow ended up darker than Panda, whose face is mostly white and gray.

Before you consider this drawing finished, put it away for a day. Then go back and examine it with fresh eyes.

You no doubt will find a few sections in need of touchups.

Put the date on the back, sign your name, pat yourself on the head, and scratch behind your ears!




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BRENDA HODDINOTT - BIOGRAPHY As a self-educated teacher, visual artist, portraitist, forensic artist, and illustrator, Brenda Hoddinott utilizes diverse art media including graphite, technical pen, colored pencil, chalk pastel, charcoal, conté crayon, and oil paints.

My philosophy on teaching art is to focus primarily on the enjoyment aspects while gently introducing the technical and academic. Hence, in creating a passion for the subject matter, the quest for knowledge also

becomes enjoyable. >Brenda Hoddinott<

Born in St. John’s, Newfoundland, Brenda grew up in the small town of Corner Brook. She developed strong technical competencies with a personal commitment to self directed learning, and the aid of assorted “Learn to Draw” books. During Brenda’s twenty-five year career as a self-educated civilian forensic artist, numerous criminal investigation departments have employed Brenda’s skills, including Royal Canadian Mounted Police and municipal police departments. In 1992, Brenda was honored with a commendation from the Royal Canadian Mounted Police, and in 1994, she was awarded a Certificate of Membership from “Forensic Artists International”.

Her home-based art career included graphic design, and teaching recreational drawing and painting classes. As supervisor of her community’s recreational art department, Brenda hired and trained teachers, and designed curriculum for several children’s art programs. In 1998, Brenda chose to end her eighteen-year career as an art educator in order to devote more time to writing, drawing, painting, and developing her websites.

Drawspace http://www.drawspace.com incorporates her unique style and innovative approach to curriculum development. This site offers downloadable and printable drawing classes for students of all abilities from the age of eight through adult. Students of all ages, levels and abilities have praised the simple step-by-step instructional approach. This site is respected as a resource for fine art educators, home schooling programs, and educational facilities throughout the world.

LEARN-TO-DRAW BOOKS BY BRENDA HODDINOTT Drawing for Dummies: Wiley Publishing, Inc., New, York, NY, this 336 page book is

available on various websites and in major bookstores internationally.

The Complete Idiot’s Guide to Drawing People: Winner of the Alpha-Penguin Book of the Year Award 2004, Alpha - Pearson Education – Macmillan, Indianapolis, IN, this 360 page book is available on various websites and in major bookstores internationally.



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