session 7: improved postharvest market access treatments in horticultural commodities

biosecurity built on science

3097Improved postharvest market access treatments

for horticultural commoditiesPauline Wyatt

Lisa Jamieson (project leader), John Golding, Peter Leach, Francis De Lima, Peter Follet, Barbara Waddell, Allan Woolf, Jack Armstrong

Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre


Quarantine pests cause disruption to the trade of Australian and New Zealand horticulture commodities

Commodities that are hosts to quarantine pests need protocols to access export markets with quarantine barriers

Develop treatments: - effective against the pest- maintain product quality- fit in to transport and handling systems

(air-freight/sea-freight)- cost effective

Significant disinfestation R&D over the last 40 years Many protocols developed, some used extensively, some

not used at all

Problem being addressed

Q fly Medfly

Codling moth

Tomato potato psyllid

Apple leafcurling midge


Phase 1 (Finished Nov 2015)- A review of:

treatment technologies disinfestation research current market access protocols

- Stakeholder workshops with horticultural industries

Phase 2: - Provide data to develop new export protocols based on

outcomes of Phase 1.

What are we doing about it?


Fumigants- 15 major, 18 minor fumigants, methyl bromide

Energy treatments - irradiation, electrical, microwave, radio frequency, pulsed

electrical field, infrared, cold plasma Controlled atmosphere (CA)

- CA plus heat, CA plus cold, CA plus high pressure Physical

- heat, cold, pressure, vacuum, brushing, high pressure washing

Systems approaches

Review of treatment technologies


Review all the published and unpublished phytosanitary research Researchers across Australia, NZ and USA who have conducted the research:

Review of disinfestation research

Team Member Organisation Speciality

Lisa Jamieson Allan Woolf

Barbara WaddellProject Leader

PFRNZEntomologyPhysiology

Pauline WyattPeter Leach DAF, QLD Entomology

John GoldingAndrew Jessup NSW DPI Physiology

Entomology

Francis De Lima AgHort Solutions, WA Entomology

Jack Armstrong Quarantine Scientific, NZ Entomology

Peter Follett USDA-ARS Entomology


Species Lifestage Treatment No tested Commodity Reference Protocol

Medfly First instar 1°C 16 days 84,560Table grapes Red Globe

De Lima et al. 2011 Japan MAFF

Medfly First instar 2°C 18 days 78,859

Qfly First instar 1°C 12 days 66,739Table grapes Red Globe

De Lima et al. 2011 Japan MAFF

Qfly First instar 2°C 14 days 53,136


Collated data on New Zealand and Australian fresh fruit and vegetable industries:

Value and volume of major fruit and vegetable exports Main export markets Current phytosanitary requirements Existing export protocols

Review of current market access protocols


Crop Total Export value and Volume

Value of major markets

Market access pests

Approved treatments

CitrusOrange

$140.0 million134,448 t

Japan 34.0Hong Kong 27.6USA 16.2China 14.4Malaysia 11.4Singapore 8.8Canada 5.1Indonesia 3.6UAE 2.1

Japan: Qfly, MedflyChina: Fruit fliesThailand: Fuller’s rose weevil (FRW), fruit fliesUSA: Fruit flies, lightbrown apple moth (LBAM), Citrus black spot (CBS)

Indonesia: 1. Fruit fly free areas recognised: Riverland, South Australia and Tasmania.2. Cold treatments: onshore or in transit at or below 2°C for 16 days; or at or below 3°C for 18 days.3. Irradiation at 150 gray.4. Fumigation with methyl bromide at 64 g/m3 at 21°C for 2 h.China:1. Citrus spp., Oranges, Mandarins, Lemons, Grapefruit, Limes, Tangelo.2.Mandatory cold disinfestation treatment is required, onshore or in transit 1°C or below for 16 d or 2.1°C or below for 21 d.


We can see- WHAT the various industries are exporting- To WHERE- Pests and diseases of concern

We know what research has been conducted and what has translated into protocols Which protocols are being used, or NOT, but why not? Which protocols are being used grudgingly? Where do new protocols need to be developed with additional research? We know what technology is available.

Review completed


Presented findings from review at workshops with stakeholders- Citrus, Mango, Apple, Pear, Kiwifruit, Summerfruit,

Cherry, Table grape, Capsicum, Tomato, Berryfruit, Vegetables

- Hort Innovation, HortNZ, PBCRC- DAWR, MPI, Exporters, quarantine treatment providers

What are your:• Target markets?• Market access issues? • Useful and useless protocols?• Priorities for disinfestation research?

Workshops in Australia and NZ


Fruit flies remain primary pest of concern (Aust. and NZ) Other pests FRW, MSW, thrips, mealybugs, scale insects,

mites, light brown apple moth and codling moth

Development of postharvest disinfestation treatments to enable market access by air-freight

Irradiation, methyl bromide, shorter cold treatments

Current cold treatments would be more useful if they were consistent between markets

NZ fruit fly preparedness: collection of efficacy data on 4 major species that are a threat

Qfly and Medfly (Aust.) Oriental fruit fly and Melon fly (exotic)

Several cross industry priorities identified


Priority List for Phase 2

Develop new disinfestation protocols appropriate for air-freight - irradiation, low dose methyl bromide

Short cold treatments – combine with CA

Data required on exotic fruit flies – Oriental fruit fly and melon fly and compared with Qfly and Medfly.

Standardisation of cold treatments across markets

Phas

e 2

CRC

proj

ect

New Hort

Innovation projects


Improve the efficacy of cold treatment in combination with controlled atmospheres:

Confirm the efficacy of high CO2 Compare different cold treatments with high CO2 Assess efficacy of different high CO2 combinations Determine the effects of different lengths of treatment

times Assess the addition of ethyl formate into high CO2

treatment

Shorter cold treatments


Compare cold morality response data for 4 key fruit fly species:- Queensland fruit fly, Medfly – occur in Australia, not NZ- Oriental fruit fly and melon fly – exotic to Australia and NZ

Compare the scientific methods used between laboratories Statistics workshop to compare data analysis between

laboratories and discuss quarantine statistics Identify gaps for the relevant fruit fly species Possibly conduct trials to determine the comparative tolerances

of 4 species using common methods and data analysis

Fruit fly preparedness


Prevent disruption to trade in the event an exotic incursion 1995 B. dorsalis incursion into North Queensland stopped the trade of

mangoes to Japan Containment within the quarantine zone prevented loss of trade of

many commodities to many export markets Another incursion would STOP all trade into quarantine markets

Comparative data sets are required

Benefits


Horticultural industries are the main beneficiaries- Prioritisation of disinfestation research- Development of new ‘workable’ export protocols- Preparedness for exotic incursions

DAWR as the market access negotiators are an important end user We have taken a proactive role in engaging with DAWR from the start of

the project to give us the best chance of a useful outcome Early engagement with DAWR, MPI and Industry has already produced

useful feedback for the project

Beneficiaries and end-users


For more information, please email:[email protected] – Project leader

Project team members: John Golding, NSW DPI Pauline Wyatt, DAF QLD Peter Leach, DAF QLD Frances De Lima, AgHort Solutions, WA Jack Armstrong, Quarantine Scientific, NZ Peter Follett, USDA-ARS, Hawaii Allan Woolf, PFR NZ Barbara Waddell, PFR NZ

mailto:[email protected]

session 7: improved postharvest market access treatments in horticultural commodities

Science