session 6: new tools for field grains surveillance

biosecurity built on science

Project 2014Part A: New tools for field grains surveillance

Jenny Davidson: Senior Plant Pathologist (SARDI)

Rohan Kimber: Plant Pathologist (SARDI)

Greg Baker: Entomologist (SARDI)

Helen De Graaf: Entomologist (SARDI)

Les Zeller: Engineer (USQ)

Paul Kamel: Engineer (USQ)

Plant Biosecurity Cooperative Research Centre


New opportunities for pest & disease surveillance using new technologies & sensing systems

Broad scale surveillance (coordinated network)

Detect & report endemic or exotic incursions of fungal spores / insects in the field to the decision maker or grower community Local (on farm) outbreaks Regional threats (e.g. rusts) National interests (biosecurity)

Project 2014 – New tools for field grains surveillance and diagnostics of high priority exotic pests

New technology & opportunities


New technology & opportunitiesTechnologies implemented

• Species specific detection – qPCR, Pheromone lures (stacking)• Sensors - optical, impact & digital to confirm target• Smart capture – GPS, environment or diurnal triggers• Wireless / telemetry networked grid & transmission

Systems being developed / evaluated –

A. Smart insect traps (moths) – in field detection and imagery

B. Suction insect traps (aphids) – localized monitoring― Lab qPCR diagnostics (mixed populations)

C. Smart traps (pathogens) – mobile & fixed systems— Lab qPCR diagnostics & toward ‘real-time’ sensor detection

Field evaluation, technology adaptation, collaboration

• DAFF/USQ & SARDI – Qld and SA test sites• Rothamsted & Burkard Manufacturing Co. – UK

Research & opportunities – Surveillance and New technologiesNew technology & platforms

B

C

A


Research & opportunities – Surveillance and New technologies

Smart Insect Trap – Pheromone

Les Zeller & Paul Kamel (USQ) Pheromone – targeted (stacking) Impact & optical sensors (false triggers,

oversensitive) Digital imagery on automated carousel Data transmission (telemetry) Smart data – time stamped Field testing 2016 – SARDI these image (25-80 KB) were

transferred from trap via telemetry < 1 second

trapwind

lure attraction range(pheromone plume)

exotic pest

endemic pest

Non-target pest

Smart trap – surveillance applications

Single or multiple targets (pheromone stacking) Image (time stamp) – computer vision systems Near real-time – web interface (smart phone) Network of traps – spatial resolution/migration

patterns

New technology & platforms – Insect surveillance


PHEROMONE STACKINGAssess potential of “piggy-backing” existing pheromone trap networks.Need to test pheromones for compatibility. Field trial at Waterloo, SA, Spring 2015:• Turnip moth (As) (Exotic)• Diamond back moth (DBM) (Established)• Native budworm (Hp) (Native)

Helen DeGraaf – SARDI


Research & opportunities – Surveillance and New technologiesNew technology & platforms – Insect surveillance

Mixed Insect Trap – Active Suction (aphid)

Burkard Manufacturing Co. (UK) High sampling rate (>200 l/min) 240V with 4-8 pot carousel 1.5m – localised monitoring (aphids) Field testing 2015 & 2016 – SARDI Proof-of-concept = GPA monitoring

(PCR assay Dr Kelly Hill, SARDI) Russian Wheat Aphid (exotic target)

Burkard

Mixed Insect Trap – Smart Active Suction (aphid)

Les Zeller (USQ) prototype 2016 12V solar powered fan suction Variable speed collection - pressure sensor Mixed populations with carousel system (10 pots) Field testing 2017 - SARDI



• Total Aphid capture at 3 sites in SA 2016

020406080

100120140160180

Total numbers of aphids captured at 3 SA sites 2016

Waite (17th Mar) Balaklava (27 May) Kapunda (14 April)

• GPA capture at 3 sites in SA 2016

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

18

20Numbers of GPA captured at 3 SA sites 2016

Waite (17th Mar) Balaklava (27 May) Kapunda (14 April)


Systems being developed/ evaluated – qPCR diagnostics

C

Burkard Manufacturing Co.

Molecular detection - qPCR diagnostics (mixed populations)• Kelly Hill – GPA* primer design, WFT* published primer• Helen DeGraaf – GPA & WFT identification & counting• Molecular Diagnostic Centre – Sample & assay processing

*GPA = Green Peach Aphid WFT = Western Flower Thrip

Target GPA WFT RemovedMock

mixtureField

sample

0 nil nil nil nil nil

1 -

5 -

10 -

New technology & platforms – Insect surveillance



• Russian Wheat Aphid (RWA) capture at 3 sites

• Originally the exotic species target

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

5/4/2016 6/4/2016 7/4/2016 8/4/2016 9/4/2016 10/4/2016

Number of RWA captured at 2 SA sites2016

Balaklava (27 May) Kapunda (14 April)

Diuraphis noxia, alate (H. DeGraaf)


Start trap End trap Days trapping Sum of 4 YPTs Kapunda ST Balaklava ST

24/08/2016 1/09/2016 8 0 0 0

1/09/2016 15/09/2016 14 3 2 11

15/09/2016 5/10/2016 20 2 0 16

5/10/2016 19/10/2016 14 2 5 3

Total RWA trapped by yellow pan traps at 4 sites in Tarlee and suction traps at Kapunda and Balaklava (suction trap data [24-48hr] pooled to match YPT trap periods)

Approx. 40km between YPTs and Balaklava ST.

Approx. 12km between YPTs and Kapunda ST.

Note: YPT clusters are also at Walkers Flat and Mundulla


Insect samples

New Technology – Spore trapping systems

http://www.syngenta-crop.co.uk/brassica-alert/ Courtesy Jon West - Annemarie Justesen, Aarhus University, Dk

New generation technology in spore traps

• High sampling efficiency & automation systems• Mobility (Ground vehicle, UAV etc.)• ‘Smart capture’ – GPS, environment or wind velocity triggers• Compatible or adaptable to rapid down-stream diagnostics

• Lab-based qPCR• In-field (‘real-time’) detection: LAMP, TwistDX, biosensors, fiber optic

sensing

Systems being developed/evaluated

A. Mobile Jet Spore Sampler (High sampling rate) – GPS captureB. Smart Spore Traps

• Impactor (adhesive tape) type with smart controller (USQ)• Miniature Virtual Impactor (8-position carousel to collect in

DNA extraction tubes)

Burkard Manufacturing Co. & USQ - NCEA


Air samplers

DNA-specific probes

Highly specific, multiplex qPCR

Smart air samplers – mixed populations

Insect samplesMulti-vial carousel

Traffic light – Biosecurity alerts

Delivery - Pest / Spore Detection & Reporting

http://www.syngenta-crop.co.uk/brassica-alert/

Image analysis / recognition

Data triage & downstream ID

Spores

Pest/Pathogen species composition

Courtesy Jon West - Annemarie Justesen, Aarhus University, Dk

Endemic pathogen dispersal patterns - Spores

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=0P-LEohS1Q8HsM&tbnid=jygoZen_b4ggOM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.pestcontrolsupplies.co.uk/how-to-guides/how-to-get-rid-of-aphids&ei=7OdoUtbNJIfX0QXQ3IGADw&psig=AFQjCNFn5r-sjFWcuJQTEw-B5XF7naYgOQ&ust=1382693153531931

http://www.google.co.uk/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm=1&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&docid=0P-LEohS1Q8HsM&tbnid=jygoZen_b4ggOM:&ved=0CAUQjRw&url=http://www.pestcontrolsupplies.co.uk/how-to-guides/how-to-get-rid-of-aphids&ei=7OdoUtbNJIfX0QXQ3IGADw&psig=AFQjCNFn5r-sjFWcuJQTEw-B5XF7naYgOQ&ust=1382693153531931


Research & opportunities – Surveillance and New technologiesWorkshop Discussion & Activities

Activities and Discussions – entomologists, pathologists, molecular biologists, industry people

Presentation of a range of trapping tools

Trapping research in UK and Europe presented by Prof Jon West (Rothamsted Research)

Trapping research in Australia (limited activity)

Discussions on development of surveillance systems

Challenges and concepts

Lack of knowledge of appropriate tools and deployment

Diagnostic tools

Sharing capture/data/DNA – centralised expertise?

Database for reporting?

New Technology – Trapping Workshop SARDI April 2016


Insect samples

New Technology – Trapping Workshop SARDI April 2016

Smart Insect Trap (pheromone)

Passive Insect Trap (Zellot)

Suction Insect Trap

Spore Liberator

Smart Spore Trap (tape)

Smart Spore Trap (MVI) Jet Spore Sampler

Spore Traps (Volumetric and Rotorods)

Trap selection – one size does not fit all


Network for forecasting disease epidemics in Poland: SPEC

L. maculans spores

Region selected

www.spec.edu.pl15

Surveillance networks for disease forecasting (Jon West, Rothamsted Research UK)

http://cropnet.pl/dbases/spec/specUK/wyniki.htm

http://cropnet.pl/dbases/spec/specUK/wyniki.htm

biosecurity built on science16

Multivial

cyclone

spore

trap

http://www.syngenta-crop.co.uk/brassica-alert/

Example of an existing airborne spore and weather (infection

conditions) – based forecast

This uses multivial cyclone

samplers which sample into tubes

and an antibody test is applied

only on days when infection

conditions are right

(Jon West, Rothamsted

Research UK)

biosecurity built on science17

Burkard 7-day trap

Rothamsted

Air sampling locations

Adas Starcross

AdasRosemaund

Adas High Mowthorpe

VelcourtStamford

AHDB - Sclerotinia Real-time monitoring

● Air samples from 5 sites sent to lab each week (Wednesdays)

● Petal samples from ≈ 6-10 sites per week also sent to lab

● DNA extracted and qPCR for Sclerotinia done within 2 daysReport sent out for website on Friday pm. Website updated Monday am


Research UK)


AHDB - Sclerotinia Real-time monitoring – Web page

Risk at each site: low, medium or high

Web-based advice on AHDB monitoring webpage

Weekly updates based on air samples and petal infection tests plus a weather-based infection model (>7°C & >23h high RH) during canola flowering period.

Infection forecast for 3-day forecast also included

Spray advice given


Research UK)


Research & opportunities – Surveillance and New technologiesWorkshop Discussion

Development of a surveillance system

Target(s) + Platform(s) + Region + Audience + Diagnostic method + Outcome

— Epidemiology, knowledge & informed decision making for grower

— Resource sharing, collaboration & data management

— Efficiency, timeliness & automation

— Placement, platform & finding an individual in the wind

Challenges

— Robust network, engineering access, standardisation, deployment strategies, capture-archive-sharing data & management, user-friendly, clear objective(s) and knowing when to stop!


Thank you

Burkard

Jon West (Rothamsted Research) Stuart Wili (Burkard Manufacturing Co.) Helen DeGraaf (SARDI – Entomology) Greg Baker (SARDI – Entomology) Dr Kelly Hill (SARDI) Les Zeller (USQ - NCEA) Paul Kamel (USQ - NCEA) Molecular Diagnostics Centre (SARDI)

John Weiss (Vic DEDJTR) Jamus Stonor (SARDI) Tracey Brookes (MEA) Sarah Noack (Hart Field Site) Maarten Van Helden – SARDI visiting scientist Tom Heddle Jamie Fortune – SARDI intern

session 6: new tools for field grains surveillance

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