session 4 - global forum water-energy-food nexus, november 2014, iea, cozzi
TRANSCRIPT
© OECD/IEA 2014
Laura Cozzi Deputy Head, Global Energy Economics
Global Forum on Environment, OECD, 27 November 2014
© OECD/IEA 2014
Water use by the energy sector today
2010
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
Coal
Nuclear
Other Biofuels Fossil fuels
Power
Global water use Water for energy
Source: IEA World Energy Outlook 2012 New Policies Scenario
Energy
15%
Other sectors
Energy sector water needs are large, second to agriculture
© OECD/IEA 2014
Projecting water use by the energy sector
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
2010 2020 2035
Bill
ion c
ubic
metr
es
Withdrawal
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
2010 2020 2035
Bill
ion c
ubic
metr
es
Consumption
Fuel production
Power generation
Source: IEA World Energy Outlook 2012 New Policies Scenario
Water consumption in the energy sector is set to double
© OECD/IEA 2014
Climate change requires adaptation in the energy sector
© Natural hazards adapted from Munich RE (2011)
Largest cities exposed to droughts
Increase of droughts and/or heatwaves
o C
o C
Increase in heavy rain
Change in tropical cyclones and storms
Around 70% of planned power capacity is locations considered either water stressed or water scarce.
In India, severe water scarcity will amplify competition for water and determine thermal plants competitiveness and location – while cooling demand grows
Power plant cooling impacted
India
© OECD/IEA 2014
Climate change requires adaptation in the energy sector
© Natural hazards adapted from Munich RE (2011)
Increase of droughts and/or heatwaves
o C
o C
o C Increase in heavy rain
Change in tropical cyclones and storms
In China, water constraints could make the expected increase in thermal power output unachievable, in particular, as 60% of thermal power capacity is in northern China, which as only 20% of freshwater supply.
Power plant cooling impacted
Storms, heavy rainfall and increased temperature will impact the power system infrastructure and energy demand
China
