WATER-ENERGY-FOOD

NEXUS IN BRAZIL

AN OVERVIEW

November 2014

João Gilberto Lotufo ConejoANA – National Water Agency

5,565 municipalities - in 27

States

160.9 million inhabitants in

urban areas (2010 Census):

84% of the total population

Area : 8.51 million km2

Federal Constitution (1988):

BRAZIL

“Art. 21. The Federal Government is

responsible for establishing a

national water resources

management system and defining

criteria for water permits”

THE NATIONAL WATER MANAGEMENT SYSTEM -

SINGREH

• Institutional complexity:

– Different levels and organizations;

– River basin x territorial/economical borders.

• Double dominion of water: states and federal

• The role of ANA in the System:

– Implementation of the National Water Resources Policy;

– Management of federal rivers.

WATER

ENERGY FOOD

Background conditions:

• Huge dimensions and

diversity

• A lot of water

• A lot of land

• A lot of energy

• High Urban population

growth

• High Demand for

infrastructure

• Changing conditions

THE BRAZILIAN NEXUS

Higher Water Availability

Lower Water Demand

Lower Water Availability

Higher Water Demand

Source: ANA, 2014

UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF WATER AND POPULATION

Surface water availability:

around 91,000 m³/s (Q95)

Groundwater availability:

4,090 m³/s

Total water withdrawal: 2,373

m³/s

Total water consumption:

1,212 m³/s

68

37

45

18

77

29

15

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

North Northeast South

Water Resources Land Area Population

N

NE

S

Hydrographic Region

Satisfactory

Qualitative

Quantitative

Quali-Quantitative

Critical Situation Classification

WATER BALANCE

River basins with higher

water stress

WATER SUPPLY

58% of the

municipalities (3,235)

use mainly surface

sources

42% of the

municipalities (2,330)

use mainly groundwater

Water Availability (m3/s)

Up to 0,008

0,008 to 1

1 to 10

10 to 100

100 to 500

>500

45% of the

municipalities present

satisfactory water

supply systems

55% of them need

investment (US$ 8.8B)

22%

9%

WITHDRAWAL CONSUMPTION

Hydro generation is

dominant (77%)

Increase of 40,000 MW in

the next Decade

Quadrilateral of reservoirs : concentrates about

70% of the storage capacity

Total Installed Capacity

> 120,000 MW

BRAZILIAN ELECTRICITY:

A Hydro National

Interconected System

IRRIGATION IN BRAZIL

Irrigated land(2012) – 5.8M ha

Total potential - 30M ha

(less than 20% is exploited)

54%

72%

WITHDRAWAL CONSUMPTION

Quadrilateral

of reservoirs

ENERGY

WATER SUPPLY

CITIES

FOOD

THE WATER CHALLENGE

Highly

dependent

on water

Biggest water

consumption

Increasing

urbanizationDemands high

quality and security;

Pollution source

ASSIMETRICAL

CAPABILITIES

planning;

organization;

funding

THE NEXUS PERSPECTIVES AND CHALLENGES

• irrigated land and water demand

• urban supply demand

• demand for hydroenergy

• uncertanty on water availability

(climate change and variations)

• water security

• investiment in infrastructure for

water reservation

• investiment on rational water use

• RECONCILING WATER USE CONFLICTS AND LOCAL x NATIONAL INTERESTS

• COORDINATION OF SECTORAL PLANNING AND ACTIONS WITH THE WATER AGENDA

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Thank you!JOÃO GILBERTO LOTUFO CONEJO

Director

jglotufo@ana.gov.br | (+55) (61) 2109 –5451

www.ana.gov.br