session 1 (bista) - ilo

8/13/2019 Session 1 (Bista) - ILO

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What is social protection and why is itimportant?

Capacity Development Workshop on Measuring SocialProtection1416 May 2013 BPS Statistics Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia

Cline Peyron

Unemployment protection and social security technical advisor,ILO Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok


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Structure of the presentation

1. What is social security/ protection ?2. Social protection extension as main ILO

objective

More people have access to better-managedand more gender-equitable social securitybenefits

The Social Protection Floor Recommendation

3. Diagnostic, estimate of costs and policycoordination

4. Examples of extension from other countries,challenges & opportunities


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1. What is social protection?


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What is social protection/ security?

People face contingencies during their lives

Life cycle

Old age

Death of thebreadwinner

These have financial consequences

Work injuryaternity Unemployment

Invalidity

Sickness / ill health

Fmie

with children
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What is social protection?

To compensate forthe loss of income & covers health care

expenditures

To facilitate accessto social servicesand fulfill basic

needs

FINANCIAL SUPPORT ACCESS TO SERVICES

The protection provided by society

SOCIAL TRANSFERS


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What is social security?

Social security is a human right The Universal Declaration of HumanRights (1948)

The International Covenant onEconomic, Social and Cultural Rights(1966)The Declaration of Philadelphia(annex to the Constitution of theInternational Labour Organization) (1944)


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2. Social protection extension as main ILOobjective

More people have access to better-managed and more

gender-equitable social security benefits

How to extend social security?


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Social security extension

Population

Level of protection

Poor Rest of informal sector Formal sector

For a long time, SS was contributory andmainly adapted to the formal sector

This did not happen.

Assumption that these schemeswould progressively extend theircoverage with the shrinking of theinformal sector

???


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Social security extension

Population

Level of protection


Discussion on SS in 2001 -> newconsensus : priority to theextension of coverage, exploringseveral strategies: adapted SI,micro-insurance, socialassistance


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Social security extension: the SocialProtection Floor

Population

Level of protection


Based on this floor, extendsocial security to provideprogressively higher levelsof SP benefits to morepeople Higher levels

of socialsecurity tomore people

Nationally defined social protection floor


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And endorsed by the 185 member states ofthe ILO in June 2012 with the adoption of theSPF Recommendation (No 202)

101st ILC14 June 2012

456 yes votes1 abstention

The recommendation 202 is a useful guidance formember states who wish to establish/maintain SPFs aspart of their national social security systemshttp://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---

relconf/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_183326.pdf
http://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---relconf/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_183326.pdfhttp://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---relconf/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_183326.pdfhttp://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---relconf/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_183326.pdfhttp://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---relconf/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_183326.pdfhttp://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---relconf/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_183326.pdfhttp://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---relconf/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_183326.pdfhttp://www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---relconf/documents/meetingdocument/wcms_183326.pdf


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In a country with a Social ProtectionFloor,

All residents have access to essential health care

All children enjoy income security through transfersin cash or kind access to nutrition, education andcare

All those in active age groups who cannot earnsufficient income enjoy a basic income security(particularly in case of sickness, unemployment, maternity,disability) All residents in old age and with disabilities have

income security through pensions or transfers in kind

Four guarantees:


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Nationally definedSocial Protection Floor s

Not a one size fits all approach : each country definesthe levels of benefits that it can/is willing to provide

Each country also decides howto do it through universalschemes, targeted socialassistance, social insurance, a

combination


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Give effect to the recommendation

According to ILOs Constitution ILO member states have tosubmit the Social Protection Floors Recommendation beforethe national authorities to enact legislation or take action togive effect to the Recommendation.

In this context the Assessment BasedNational Dialogue Exercise is a usefultool since it proposes or will propose concrete routes for the furtherdevelopment of the SPF in Viet Nam,Thailand, Indonesia, and Lao PDR (stillto be done).


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3. The process to support countries inimplementing national social protection

floors and further developingcomprehensive social protection systems:

The Assessment Based National Dialogue

exercise


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Why based national dialogue?

Worker andemployer

organisations Civil society

Localgovernments

NationalStatistics

Office,academia

One or twochampionMinistry/ies

UN agencies involved

in SPF (ILO, UNICEF,WHO, UNESCAP,UNFPA, UNAIDS,UNESCO, UNWOMEN,UNDP, WFP), WorldBank, ADB, otherdevelopment partners

Line ministries (Labour, Health, SocialWelfare, Planning, Education, Finance,

Rural Development)


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Diagnostic, estimate of costs and policycoordination

1. What is theSocial Security

Situation?

2. How far are we fromthe achievement of theSPF? -> gaps, issues

3. What should bedone to complete

the floor?


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STEP 1: Building the assessmentmatrix with a gender perspective

SPFobjectives

ExistingSP

provisions

Planned SPprovisions(strategy)

Policygaps

Implement-ation issues

Recomm-endations

Health

Children

Workingage

Elderly

Four SPF

guarantees

Identifyingexisting situation

in the country

Identifying policygaps and

implementationissues,

addressingwhich wouldcomplete the

SPF

Prioritypolicy

options,to be

decidedthroughnationaldialogue

DIAGNOSTIC/ MAPPING will enable:- Analysis of coverage gaps- Analysis of poverty rates & aggregate poverty gap

I L O

S S I


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Situation?



the floor?

4 . How much would itcost today and in the

future?

5. Can the Government afford it?Do we need to increase

the fiscal space?


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STEP 2: Rapid Assessment ProtocolWhat is it? What is it for?

RAP is a simplified Excel

tool developed by ILO toestimate the cost of

providing SPF benefits (forhealth, children, working

age and the elderly)


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Situation?



the floor?

4 . How much would itcost today and in the

future?

5. Can the Government afford it?Do we need to increase

the fiscal space?

6 . How to ensure that therecommendations are

endorsed and implemented?

7. How to advocate for the SPFas a whole or specific

recommendations? (ROR)


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Used in many Asian and Pacific countries

Completed in2011-2012

2013-2014

2014-2015

ABND

Fiji,VanuatuandSolomonIslands


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4. To conclude

Examples of extension from othercountries, challenges & opportunities


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Universal access tohealth care in Thailand

Level of protection

CSMBS6.7%pop

SSFsect.33

and 3915.5% pop

Universal Coverage Scheme (UCS) 75.1% population

Quasi 100% CoverageIssues/ challenge : large number of undocumented migrant workers are not covered by

the Compulsory Migrant Health Insurance (CMHI) due to problems of affordability

CMHI since 2009 (880,000insured- Migrants)



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Cash transfers & scholarshipsfor poor children in Indonesia

Level of protection

PKH and PKSA -1.5 million very poorhouseholds in 2012

BOS program Free education 44.7 million students in 2012 (grade 1 to 9)

Scholarship for the poor -6.3 million students in 2012


Limitations : The PKH program should be expanded to cover at least allpoor households (6.5 million instead of 1.5 million); lack of health and

education supply may curb the impact of the program.


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Extension of social insuranceto informal economy workersin Thailand

Level of protection

CS6.7%pop

SSFsect.33and 3915.5%

pop

SSFsection

40

Social security Act, Section 40Package 1 : 70 baht / 30 bahtDeath, Work injury, Sickness


Challenges : With the introduction of subsidies, coverage has increased from 68thousands persons to 1.3 million in 18 months. However the target population =24 million informal economy workers. Also only 50% pay contributions regularly.

Universal disability allowance of 500 baht/month

Recommendation from ABND:Expand package: maternity benefitsEnhance employ ability programmes


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Income security for theelderly in Viet Nam

Todays situation

Level of protection

Voluntaryinsuranceunder

governmentregulation

Problems withthe vertical

dimension: weak

protection toformal workers

1,300,000 social assistance +80100,000 social assistance 60-80

1,000,000pensioners

100,000 voluntaryparticipants

Social pension(180,000

VND/month) forthose above 80

years old

5 millions dont receive any pension


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Social pension

Towards an enhanced socialpension for the elderly in VietNam

Level of protection

Expand the social pension to all elderly above 65 years of age who do not receiveany pensionIncrease the levels of benefits from 180,000 VND/month to 400,000 VND/month

in rural areas and 500 000 VND/month in urban areas

Recommendation fromthe assessment report

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