service-oriented architecture rationalization (soar)
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
SOA Symposium
October 22, 2009Tony Shan
Enterprise Architect/Adjunct Professor
Keane Inc
USA
Agenda Speaker’s Background
SOA Proliferation
Reality Check
Architecture Challenges and Barriers
Pragmatic Framework
Framework Components Inner Ring
Middle Ring
Outer Ring
Summary
Final Thoughts
Q&A2
SOA ecosystem
The Open Group
• Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) is an architectural stylethat supports service orientation, which is a way of thinking in terms of services and service-based development and the outcomes of services.
OASIS
• SOA is a paradigm for organizing and utilizing distributed capabilities that may be under the control of different ownership domains. It provides a uniform means to offer, discover, interact with and use capabilities to produce desired effects consistent with measurable preconditions and expectations.
3
Reality Check
56% of executives at companies deploying
SOA admit that at least half of the code or artifacts developed
under their roofs are not reviewed for compliance
before moving into production. (SOA Forum
2007)
32% of those using SOA said those projects fell short of expectations (2007 InformationWeeksurvey of 278 IT pros)
• 58% said their SOA projects introduced more complexity into their IT environments.
• 30% said they cost more than expected.
Only 37% of 106 organizations surveyed actually were realizing
ROI from their investments in SOA
technology and programming. (Nucleus Research 2007 Report)
4
5
Real-world Architecture Complexity
Page 1 of 2
Barriers to Successful SOAInitiatives solely led
and driven by techies
Insufficient semantics in service composition
Disconnection between traditional education and real-
world SOA implementation needs
Absence of holistic roadmaps with
specificity
Lack of well-defined service models (business and
technical)
Gap between logical architecture and
infrastructure
Ad-hoc governance (dictatorship or
anarchy)
Home-grown reference models
Product lock-in with no or limited
interoperability
Inability to quantify ROI/TCO and
improper-sizing
Project-centric execution without
reuse/sharing disciplines
Immature specifications and
standardization
6
7
In Search for a Methodical Approach
Tomorrow’s computing
systems cannot be built using
methods of today. [Computing
Research Association (CRA)
report]
We can't solve problems by
using the same kind of
thinking we used when we
created them. [Albert Einstein]
Conquering Complexity – one of five
“deliberately monumental" research
challenges, each requiring "at
least a decade of concentrated
research in order to make
substantive progress”. [“Grand IT
Research Challenges” report supported
by NSF]
Pragmatic Framework
8
Inner Ring: key principles and tenets
Middle Ring: core methods and models
Outer Ring: best practices and disciplines
Reusable Enterprise System Platform
& Extensible Component Technology
Stack of Standards
New
an
d E
merg
ing
Tech
no
log
ies
Serv
ice-O
rien
ted
Desig
n A
ccele
rato
r
Hybrid Enablement,
Aggregation, Realization, &
Transformation
Serv
ices E
ng
ineeri
ng
& A
rch
itecti
ng
Meth
od
Service Identification,
Discovery, and Ensemble
Por
tfolio
Eng
inee
ring
Servic
e & In
dustry P
attern
s
X-application
Framew
ork
En
terp
rise A
rch
itectu
re
Realig
nm
en
t
Pro
cess
Sta
ndar
ds
Architecture
Abstraction
SOAR Framework
Principles and Tenets
Process standard: enforceable governance process to measure and
monitor the IT development efforts, to assure the
compliance of policies, standards and regulations.
Cross-application framework: common
foundation for sustainable application development
practices and runtime environment infrastructure, to
expedite the delivery and improve the quality of
services.
Portfolio engineering: software/service engineering discipline to generalize and
optimize the technical architecture and
methodology, to better equip IT assets with flexibility and agility in alignment with the
business domain models.
Architecture abstraction: effective model-driven
mechanism to simplify the architecture complexity, to
reduce the total cost of ownership (TCO) of IT
solutions.
9
Inner Ring
Middle Ring
Hybrid Methodology
• A combination of the top-down and bottom-up designs not only provides the forward-thinking direction, but also leverages the existing IT investments to the maximum extent.
Enterprise Architecture Realignment
• A multi-level architecture model effectively copes with the architecture complexity in diverse IT solutions across the lines of business in a large organization.
Service and Industry Patterns
• Systems/applications are categorized into specific groups for efficient portfolio management and cross-application reusability.
Service Identification, Discovery, Ensemble
• The logical service model is built across the lines of business and channels based on the service patterns identified, following the Hybrid Methodology defined.
Services Engineering & Architecting Method
• Service identification, analysis, design, development, composition, operations, rationalization, management and sunset
10
Middle Ring
Core Methodsand Models
Hybrid Methodology
11
Middle Ring
Business Process Model
Service
Process
Choreography
Platform-independent
Technical Model
Platform-specific
Technical Model
ServiceServiceService
Wrapper
Top-down
Decomposed
Consolidated
Bottom-up
Service Composit
ion
& Coordinatio
n Layer
Service
Existing
App
Existing
App
Existing
App
Existing
App
New
Service
Mediator
Existing
App
Collaborative
Computing
Service
Aggregation
Service
Orchestration
Interaction
Portal &
Mashup
Business Operations Model
Screen
Scraping
Service
Existing
App
Enterprise Architecture Realignment Model
12
Enterprise Business & Technical
Architecture
Cross Channel/LOB Architecture
Reusable Enterprise System Platform &
Extensible Component Technology
(RESPECT)
Push Profile
Auto
Enroll/
ICCA
ODPSOnline
Billpay
Online
Banking/
ICID
Kana/
ECCS
PFM/
OFX
- High-level enterprise-wide
business and technical model
- Operation policy and Governance
- Corporate standards & Strategy
- Network, data center, IT security,
infrastructure assets, inventory
- Implementation: service patterns
- Channel-independent functionality
- LOB-neutral business services
- Technical capabilities
- Current and target state
- Roadmap
- Implementation: enterprise service
model
- Domain-specific architecture
- Common foundation
- Address >80% system concerns
- Quality of services
- Best practices
- Implementation: domain-specific
model
- Application-specific architecture
- Business functionality
- Business logic realization
- Implementation: systems/
application architecture
Middle Ring
1
4
3
2
Service & Industry Patterns
13
Pattern Description Characteristics Exemplary Solution Implementation Commonality
P2B Self-
Service
enable users to use the business functionalities via the graphical user interfaces of a thin client (web browsers), thick client (typically Windows GUI applications), and rich client (rich Internet applications) as well as other pervasive platforms like personal digital assistants (PDA) and mobile devices such as cell phones
- Onboarding
- Enrollment process
- E-sign
- E-disclosure
- Profile management
- Customer management
- Alerts via email, pager, & cell
phone
- External services
- Subscription/Shopping cart
- Billing
- Auto Enrollment
- Online Deposit Products Services
- Yodlee service registration
- Alerts subscription
- MyProfile
- Online Banking and Billpay
- Internet Check Card Activation
- Prepaid Debit Card
- Personal Financial Manager
(PFM): Money & Quicken
- Self-service
- User interface
- Predominantly web-based
- Rich Internet Application (Ajax-
driven)
- Web app frameworks
- Transactions
- Statefulness
- Volume
- Real-time response
- Device profiles
P2P
Collaboration
enable users to communicate with other people in an online community or customer services representatives electronically
- Email collaboration
- Secure message box
- Online chat, conferencing
- Agent assistance
- Kana
- Secure
- Alerts
- ServiceProfile
- User-centric
- Social computing
- Web 2.0, e.g. Wiki
P2D Data
Aggregation
enable users to access product information, service details, directory, contents of interest, and data summary
- View e-statements
- Aggregation for service
agents
- Centralized reporting services
- Internet Check Image Delivery
- ServiceProfile
- Reporting
- Data-centric
- Largely read-only access
- Analytics and info aggregation
B2B
Enterprise
enable business partners to collaboratively provide services with seamless navigations between sites
- B2B single sign-on solution
- Supply chain integration for
product/service orders
- B2B partnership
- Yodlee seamless router
- Check Reorder (Harland)
- Onestop shopping
- Credit card (MBNA)
- Partnering
- Federated auth and auz mgmt
- Seamless integration
- rebranding
Front-end
Access
Integration
enable the integration of front ends of servicing applications, typically at the web server tier
- Homepage for online services
- Single sign-on
- Portal for customization and
personalization
- Mashups
- Online Services Homepage
- SSO
- Service representatives portals
(ServiceProfile)
- PFM
- Portal and content aggregation
- Customization and personalization
- Business process automation
- One-time login
Back-end
Application
Integration
enable inter-system integrations and synchronizations
- Synchronous HTTP
- Asynchronous message
queues
- Mainframe access
- Multi-channel adapter design
- Web Services
- MyProfile Web
- Protocol Translation Server
- Push Messaging & message queue
- Kana
- DocCentral
- Cimphony/Tibo/Integration Hub
- Service-oriented
- Scalability and availability
- Interoperability
- Legacy system modernization
- Integration
- Packaged suites
Service Identification, Discovery, & Ensemble
Service mining and repository
•Classification
•Taxonomy
•Reuse rate
•Dependency chain
•Naming convention
•Versioning
•Granularity
•Registry
•Publishing
Enterprise Service Assets
•Core business services
•Specialized business services
•Common business services
Channel Services
•Cross-channel core services
•Cross-channel common services
•Channel-specific services
Technical Services
•Basic technical services
•Advanced technical services
Infrastructure Services
•Operations
•Security
•Management
•Quality
Domain-specific Services
•Shared services
•Atomic services
•Composite services
•Service orchestration
•Service access
14
Middle Ring
Financial Service Model
15
Channel-specific Services
Internet
Channel
ATM
Processing
VRU
Call Center
Branch
Platform
Agent
Access
Lines of Business
Retail Wealth InvestmentSecuritiesCommercial
Basic Technical
Services
Authentication
Authorization
Logging
Component
monitoring
Metrics gathering
Service
management
Application
management
ID management
QoS
Persistence
Advanced Technical
Services
Workflow
Process
orchestration
Grid computing
Caching
Virtualization
Integration
Secure
communication
Self-hearing
Performance
optimization
Session
management
Duplicate requests
Fraud detection
Service Infrastructure
Availability
Throttling
Load balancing
Failover
Content-based
routing
Contextual routing
Service stabilization
Closed loop control
Operations
Auditing
Monitoring
Alerting
Provisioning
Metering
Reporting
Root cause
analysis
Security
Attack prevention
Denial of service
mitigation
Content inspection
Policy management
Privacy protection
Tamper proofing
Nonrepudiation
Access Points
Core Business Services
Banking
Payment processing
Card processing
Customer Relationship Services
Customer management
Contact management
Campaign management
Common Business Services
Rationalized products parity
ATM locator
Funds transfer
Institutional business rules
Advanced Business Services
Transactional services
Account opening
Account transactions
Versioning
Capacity planning
Impact analysis
Tailoring
Cross Channel Common Services
Customer Profile
Check image
eStatements
Check Reorder
Ledger inquiry
Credential recovery/reset
Bill payment
Brokerage
Cross Channel Core Services
Basic access services
Composite access services
Service aggregator
Service transformation
Partner
Access
Internet
Browser/PFM
Email/Pager/
Wireless
phone/Voice
VRU
Telephony
Intranet
Browser/
Rich Client
Blackberry/
Ubiquitous
Devices/PDA
ATM
Kiosk
Branch
Platform
Teller
Middle Ring
Domain-Specific Model
16
Account
Opening
(ODPS)
Non-authenticated Space
Designed by Tony Shan
Service-Oriented Architecture for Internet Channel
ServiceProfile
Customer
/Prospective Customer
/User
Authenticated Space
Online Service
Homepage
(OSH)
Unified
Enrollment
Center
Unified
Message
Center
Unified Internet
Banking
Service Center
Universal
Subscription
Management
Center
Online
Services Enroll
(Auto Enroll)
Alerts
(Push
Messaging)
Electronic
address,
newsletter
(MyProfile)
Web-based
InBox (Secure
Message
Center)
PFM
Internet Check
Image Delivery
(ICID)
Online BillPay
Online
Banking/
eStatement
Profile Data
Services
(eProfile)
Message
Delivery Service
(Push Alert Svc)
PSR
Customer
Service Portal
WDA Message
Archive
Reporting
Center
Client Banking
Service Center
Money
Movement
eDisclosure
Center
SSO
(Log-in App via
PAPI)
Retail Wholesale
Pervasive
Interaction
Service
Online Service
Directory
Universal
Authorization
Service
WDA Message
Service
(Kana)
Service
Communication
(event, queuing,
distributed log)
Service-oriented
Management
(orchestration,
metering/acct)
Service-oriented
Integration
Server
POP3/IMAP
Servers
EmailVoice
Gateway
Media
Gateway
Convergence
Fax
Gateway
WAP
Gateway
Internet Check
Card Activation
(ICCA)
Enterprise
Reporting
Service
Middle Ring
Services Engineering and Architecting Method
17
Acti
vit
ies
Art
ifacts
Inp
uts
Portfolio Assessment
• Business vision and goals
• Existing application portfolio inventory
• Business strategy/architecture
• Technical issues
• User experience requirements
• Nonfunctional requirements
• Stakeholders’ preferences
• Constraints and assumptions
• Business assessment
• Business process modeling
• Technical assessment
• Application asset mining
• Applications portfolio evaluation
• Process-to-capability mapping
• Capability-to-application mapping
• Gap analysis
• Recommendations formulation
• Solution blueprinting
• Current business architecture
• Business issues and NFRs
• Current technical architecture
• Application portfolio metadata
• Root cause of technical pain points
• Process-to-capability mapping matrix
• Capability-to-application mapping matrix
• Target business architecture
• Business and technology implications
Service Analysis
• Business use cases
• Applications suitable for service mining
• Business trust requirement
• Business rules
• Business policies
• Enterprise taxonomy
• Business patterns
• Service meta-model
• Domain decomposition
• Business services identification
• Map application capabilities to services
• Impedance rationalization/consolidation
• Define service granularity
• Classify services
• Service matching
• Rationalize services
• Consolidate services
• Business services
• Application services
• Choreography/Orchestration
• Composition
• Atomic services
• Shared services
• Domain services
• Portfolio/Channel services
• Infrastructure services
• Utility services
Service Modeling
• Enterprise common information model
• Industry vertical services, process, information model (e.g. IFW, IFX, ACORD, ebXML, OAGIS, NGOSS, SCOR)
• Composite patterns
• Service patterns
• Service reference model
• Service encapsulation
• Service contract
• Service data model
• Service usage interface
• Service usage policy
• Service composition
• Service input/output/pre-conditions/Effects (IOPE)
• Service attributes
• Service metadata
• Service-to-component mapping
• Service specification
• Service NFRs
• Service descriptions
• Service flow specification
• Service registration
• WSDL
• Service semantics
• Component specification
• Message and event specification
Service Realization
• Technology and products decision framework
• Service realization decision framework
• Services’ level of reuse
• WS-*
• Application patterns
• Industry model (SCA, SDO)
• Tools
• Wrap existing functionality
• Legacy reengineering
• Build new services
• Componentization
• Identify/select architectural patterns
• Select technology
• Choose products
• Perform proof-of-technology
• Define service deployment model
• Service transaction
• Service reliability
• Service realization rationale
• Service realization decisions
• Service hosting
• Service location
• Service security
• Service quality
• Service publication
Service Assembly
• Enterprise integration strategy
• Integration patterns
• Industry model (OGSA)
• Messaging methods
• Middleware strategy
• Data source
• Enterprise resources
• Security policies
• Integration testing standards
• Service agreement
• Interaction integration
• Portal integration
• Process integration
• Data integration
• Information integration
• Foundation services
• Service mediation
• Service chaining
• Service choreography
• Service orchestration
• Service composition
• Service interoperability
• Service infrastructure
• Integration bus
• Data grid
• Data fabric
• EII solution
• SOA fabric
• SaaS
Service Management
• Service categorization scheme
• Service governance model
• Service addition policies
• Service change policies
• Service maintenance process
• Auditing procedures
• Event management
• SDLC
• Asset inventory
• CMDB
• Project management
• Risk assessment
• Risk mitigation
• Service ownership
• Service versioning
• Service rollout
• Impact analysis
• Service agreement (conversation, financial terms, performance, delivery, exception management)
• Capacity
• Service virtualization
• Service continuity plan
• Application retirement plan
• Service dependency matrix
• Service monitoring
• Service provisioning
• Service metering
• Service configuration
• Resource requirements and availability estimates
• Standards
• Best practice guidelines
Middle Ring
Best Practices & DisciplinesService-Oriented Design Accelerator
• A set of step-by-step recipes, in the form of templates, checklists, cheat sheets, and reference cards, for expedited development of SOA solutions in a cookbook style.
Stack of Standards
• SOA Standards Stack to logically categorize relevant specifications
• Model-driven Architecting Practices
New and Emerging Technologies
• Web X.0
• Cloud Computing
Reusable Enterprise System Platform & Extensible Component Technology (RESPECT)
• Reference implementation model addressing the common design considerations and concerns
18
Outer Ring
Service-Oriented Design Accelerator
19
Outer Ring
Access & Interaction Layer
Integration/Communications Layer
Services & Components Layer
Composite Services Layer
Business Process Layer
Enterprise Resources Layer
Reference Model of Solutions Architecture for N-Tier ApplicationsDesigned by Tony Shan
Jets
peed
Life
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JOSSO
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ActiveB
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SCA
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20
Application Framework Reference Card
Stack of Standards
21
Foundation
Presentation
Management
Composition/Orchestration/Construction
Process
Messaging
XML Processing
DOM
SAX
XPath
XSLT
XQuery
.Net XML
Serialization
JAXB
SDO
StAX
Description
XML
XML Schema
WSDL
XML Info Set
XOP/MTOM
SML
DMCBX
RELAX NG
Schematron
Assertion Lang
Communications and Events
Transport: SSL/
TLS
Network: IPSec
BEEP
HTTP/IIOP/MQ
WS-Eventing
WS-Notification
WS-Addressing
Security
WS-Security
WS-
SecureConversation
WS-Federation
SAML
Liberty Alliance IDFF
WS-Trust
XKMS
XACML
XrML
EPAL
Interoperability
WS-I Basic Profile
WS-I Basic Security
Profile
WS-I Reliable Secure
Profile
Governance
Interoperability
Framework (GIF)
Reusable Asset
Specification (RAS)
DMTF CIM
Resources
WSRF
WSRF-
ResourceProperties
WSRF-
ResourceLifetime
WSRF-ServiceGroup
WSRF-BasicFaults
WS-Transfer
RRSHB
WS-Enumeration
Transaction
WS-Coordination
WS-Business Activity
WS-Atomic Transaction
WS-Context
WS-CF
WS-TXM
WS-TX
Semantics
RDF
WSDL-S
SA-WSDL, SA-REST
OWL-S, RDF/S
SWSO, WSMO
SWSL, WSML
SOA-S, FEARMO,
ODM
QoS
WS-
ReliableMessenging
WS-Reliability
WS-RX
Discovery
OWL
WS-Discovery
WS-
MetadataExchange
UDDI
ebXML
SwSA
WS-Policy
WS-PolicyAttachment
WS-SecurityPolicy
WS-Manageability
WS-Management
WSDM
WS-Provisioning
WSDM
WSRP
XUL
XAML
XBL
XForms
MXML
Ajax
WS-Choreography
BPMN
BPDM
BPML/BPQL
XPDL
WSCI
CDL4WS
BMM
UML
OAGIS
BPEL
WS-CAF
WSE
WCF
JAX-WS
SAAJ
SCA
Axis
SOAP
REST
JSON
SwA
WS-I Attachment Profile
XML Security: XML Encryption, XML Signature
Outer Ring
22
Reusable Enterprise System Platform & Extensible Component Technology
System Architecture
Technology Solutions
System Management
& Governance
Development Lifecycle
23
RESPECT – Common SOA Design Intents, Styles and Considerations
System Architecture: the fundamental organization
and formal description of an IT system, components,
environment, interrelationships, decisions
and their associated rationales about the overall
structure.
Technology Solutions: module-level common
techniques and methods to resolve pervasive design
concerns and issues in an IT system.
System Management & Governance: enterprise-wide administration and
management of distributed computer resources, rules
and regulations as well as a mechanism for compliance
enforcement.
Development lifecycle: a systematic approach to
developing an information system, including
requirements, analysis, modeling, design,
implementation, validation, rollout, training, user
experience, system ownership, and maintenance.
Outer Ring
RESPECT: Body of Knowledge
24
Outer Ring
RESPECT Structure
Sy
stem
Arc
hit
ectu
re
Logical View
Web/Portal server
Process Server
App server
Database server
Integration server/
Middleware/ESB
Physical View
Brand and model,
virtual room
CPU, memory, disk
Network interfaces
SAN storage. SaaS
Server farm, Cloud
Topology View
Fail-over &
redundancy
Network bandwidth
Firewall & DMZ
Disaster recovery
Data replication
Conceptual View
Layer/Tier
Architectural styles
MVC model
Service-oriented
Communication
protocols
Tec
hn
olo
gy
So
luti
on
s
Utility Components
JAX-WS, Axis, WSE
Logging
XML parsing
Charting and
reporting
Configuration data
Integration Mechanism
App connectivity
(EAI, WS, ESB,
SCA)
Integration broker
Data access (DAO)
File transfer & batch
Interoperability
Security Means
PKI, digital cert
Sensitive data
storage and access
Authentication,
authorization, audit
Federated ID mgmt
WS security
Application Framework
Request-based
Component-based
Hybrid
Meta
RIA-based
Composite
Dev
elo
pm
ent
Lif
ecy
cle
Testing
Component-level
Application-level
System-level
Automated unit
testing
JUnit, HttpUnit,
XUnit, Cactus
Build & Deployment
Compilation build
Archive build
Package build
Automated
deployment
Integrated self-test
Tools
Design/Modeling
Development
Profiling & tuning
Configuration
management
Code quality
analysis
Methodology
Unified process
Agile methodology
Portfolio
management
Asset management
Estimation and
capacity planning
Sy
stem
Ma
na
gem
ent
& G
ov
ern
an
ce
Governance
Guidelines,
references, policies
Repository, artifacts
Decisioning model
Design-time
Run-time
Change-time
Quality of Services
Availability
Scalability
Reliability
Usability
Maintainability
Sustainability
Portability
Patterns
Session
management
ID management
Data caching
Coding style
Aspect-Oriented
Programming (AOP)
System Management
Operation process
Monitoring
Backup
Provisioning
Metering
Defect/Issue
management
New & Emerging Technology
25
Outer RingCloudonomic paradigm
Service Integration & Management Platform and Lifecycle Engineering
Cloud Computing Foundation
Principles Methodology Process Techniques Tools Patterns Policy Standards Practices Maturity
Dev
Support
•Collaborati
on
•Asset
Mgmt
•Build Mgmt
•Test Mgmt
•Release
Mgmt
Biz
Support
•Customer
Mgmt
•Partner
Mgmt
•Revenue
Mgmt
•Billing
Mgmt
Operation
Support
•Incident
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© Tony Shan
Summary – SOA Wisdom
Principles
MethodsThe hybrid methodology
combines the top-down and bottom-up approaches.
A multi-level enterprise architecture realignment model
copes with the architecture complexity progressively.
Service patterns characterizes various business services.
An enterprise service model should be designed from top down, and domain-specific
models should be defined in a bottom-up approach.
Services Engineering & Architecting Method is an
overarching blueprint for SOA execution.
DisciplinesThe service-oriented
design accelerator facilitates expedited development of SOA
solutions in a cookbook approach.
The stack of standards guides the successful
adoption and implementation of SOA via policies, guidelines
and standards.
RESPECT is a best practices knowledgebase to address common SOA
concerns and considerations.
The new and emerging technologies offer
opportunities to augment the SOA capabilities and converge the techniques
and tooling.
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EngineeringFrameworkStandardAbstraction
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Final Thoughts What we discussed is just the
tip of the iceberg –complexity in the hidden 80%. use 80-20 Rule.
SOA is NOT a product, book, consultant, tool, vendor, or technology. SOA is a journeyof transformation. Multi-disciplinary theory basis, body of knowledge and practices of services science, engineering, & art.
No miracle cure. Murphy’s Law still holds true for SOA.
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Q & A
Contact: Tony Shan
Email: [email protected]
Web: http://tonycshan.spaces.live.com
© Tony Shan. All rights reserved.
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