september 2016 traffic engineering division...road functional classification: process by which...

September 2016

Traffic Engineering Division

2011-2015 Virginia Work Zone Crash Facts i

The Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) is pleased to present 2011-2015 Virginia

Work Zone Crash Facts. This publication provides an overview of traffic crashes that occurred

in work zones throughout Virginia from 2011 through 2015.

For the purpose of this publication, a work zone crash is defined as a crash for which a “Yes” is

indicated for work zone status on the Virginia Police Crash Report, Form FR-300. Work zone

crashes that occurred on roads maintained by VDOT including interstates, primary roads, and

secondary roads and on local roads maintained by Arlington and Henrico counties, cities, and

towns are included in this publication. Work zone crash data for 2011-2015 were extracted from

the crash database in VDOT’s Roadway Network System (RNS) and used to produce the work

zone crash statistics provided in this publication.

To calculate work zone exposure statistics such as the annual number of work zones statewide,

2011-2015 work zone activities were extracted from the Virginia Traffic Information

Management System (VaTraffic) database, which contains information on traffic incidents, work

zones, planned events, weather conditions, etc. In this publication, a work zone in the exposure

statistics is defined as an event in the VaTraffic database indicating “work zone” in the event

type and such an event with a unique event identification number is regarded as one work zone.

It should be noted that the work zone crash statistics reported in previous publications such as

1999-2003 Virginia Work Zone Crash Facts defined a work zone crash as a crash with an

indication of “road under repair” in the roadway defect information in the crash database since

work zone information was not part of reporting items in a police crash report before 2004. It

should be noted, however, that the police could still report work zone information in a space for

a note or drawing. Meanwhile, work zone crashes reported in this publication were based on

work zone information included as a reporting item in a later version of the form. In addition,

the damage threshold for a reportable crash in Virginia changed from $1,000 to $1,500 in July

2008. For these reasons, readers should be advised that the work zone crash statistics shown in

this publication are not necessarily comparable to those in the previous publications.

Readers should be advised that under Title 23, Section 409, of the United States Code, the

statistics and information in this publication cannot be used in discovery or evidence in a federal

or state court proceeding or be considered for any other purposes in any action for damages

against VDOT or the State of Virginia arising from any occurrence at locations identified. The

statistics and information in this publication are intended mainly for training purposes, for public

relations purposes especially in conjunction with National Work Zone Awareness Week, and for

Strategic Highway Safety Plan (SHSP) development or updating.

Foreword

2011-2015 Virginia Work Zone Crash Facts ii

Foreword.........................................................................................................................................................................i

Glossary ........................................................................................................................................................................iv

Virginia’s Work Zone Safety Measures ........................................................................................................................ 1

Safety Performance Measures ................................................................................................................................... 2

All Work Zone Crashes (2011-2015) ................................................................................................................... 2

Fatal and Injury Work Zone Crashes (2011-2015)............................................................................................... 2

All Work Zone Crashes per Million Work Zone-Hour-Miles (2011-2015) ......................................................... 3

Fatal and Injury Work Zone Crashes per Million Work Zone-Hour-Miles (2011-2015) ..................................... 3

Safety Summary Measures ....................................................................................................................................... 4

Fatalities and Injuries at Work Zone Crashes (2011-2015) .................................................................................. 4

Work Zones (2011-2015) ..................................................................................................................................... 4

Work Zone-Hours (2011-2015) ........................................................................................................................... 5

Work Zone-Miles (2011-2015) ............................................................................................................................ 5

Work Zone-Hour-Miles (2011-2015) ................................................................................................................... 6

All Work Zone Crashes per 1,000 Work Zones (2011-2015) .............................................................................. 6

All Work Zone Crashes per 1,000 Work Zone-Hours (2011-2015) ..................................................................... 7

Fatal and Injury Work Zone Crashes per 1,000 Work Zones (2011-2015) .......................................................... 7

Virginia’s Work Zone Crash Characteristics ................................................................................................................. 8

Statewide Crash Characteristics ................................................................................................................................ 9

Yearly Work Zone Crashes (2011-2015) ............................................................................................................. 9

Quarterly Work Zone Crashes (2011-2015) ......................................................................................................... 9

Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Quarter (2011-2015) .................................................................................... 10

Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Month (2011-2015) ..................................................................................... 10

Percentages of Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Light Condition by Quarter (2011-2015) ............................ 11

Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Number of Vehicles (2011-2015) ................................................................ 11

Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Presence of Workers (2011-2015) ............................................................... 12

Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Crash Severity (2011-2015) ........................................................................ 12

Percentages of Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by District by Crash Severity (2011-2015) .............................. 13

Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Collision Type (2011-2015) ........................................................................ 13

Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Road Alignment (2011-2015) ..................................................................... 14

Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Weather Condition (2011-2015).................................................................. 14

Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Light Condition (2011-2015) ...................................................................... 15

Percentages of Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by District by Light Condition (2011-2015) ............................ 15

Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Surface Condition (2011-2015) ................................................................... 16

Percentages of Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Light Condition by Surface Condition (2011-2015) ........... 16

Table of Contents

2011-2015 Virginia Work Zone Crash Facts iii

Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Time of Day (2011-2015)............................................................................ 17

Five-Year Work Zone Crashes per Hour by Time of Day (2011-2015) ............................................................ 17

Percentages of Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Collision Type by Time of Day (2011-2015) ...................... 18

Percentages of Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Functional Classification by Time of Day (2011-2015) ...... 18

Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Day of Week (2011-2015) ........................................................................... 19

Percentages of Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Time of Day by Day of Week (2011-2015) ........................ 19

Percentages of Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Collision Type by Day of Week (2011-2015) ..................... 20

Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Functional Classification (2011-2015) ........................................................ 20

Yearly Work Zone Crashes by Functional Classification (2011-2015) ............................................................. 21

Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Facility Type (2011-2015)........................................................................... 21

Percentages of Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Collision Type by Facility Type (2011-2015) ..................... 22

Vehicles in Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Vehicle Type (2011-2015) ....................................................... 22

Vehicles in Yearly Work Zone Crashes by Vehicle Type (2011-2015) ............................................................. 23

Crash Characteristics by District............................................................................................................................. 24

Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by District (2011-2015) .................................................................................... 24

Percentages of Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Presence of Workers by District (2011-2015) ..................... 24

Percentages of Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Collision Type by District (2011-2015) .............................. 25

Percentages of Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Light Condition by District (2011-2015) ............................ 25

Percentages of Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Time of Day by District (2011-2015) ................................. 26

Percentages of Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Functional Classification by District (2011-2015) .............. 26

Percentages of Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Facility Type by District (2011-2015) ................................ 27

2011-2015 Virginia Work Zone Crash Facts iv

Crash severity: The most severe injury to any person involved in a crash, coded using the KABCO scale.

Fatal crash: Crash that results in one or more fatalities.

Fatality: Person who dies as a result of a traffic crash within 30 days of the crash.

Incapacitating injury: Disabling injury.

Injury crash: Crash that results in no fatalities but one or more persons injured.

KABCO scale: Scale classifying injury severity (K: fatal, A: incapacitating injury, B: non-incapacitating

injury, C: possible injury, O: no injury).

Non-incapacitating injury: Evident yet not disabling injury.

Possible injury: Injury that is not a fatal, disabling, or evident injury.

Property damage only (PDO) crash: Crash that results in no fatalities or injuries but there is property

damage of at least $1,500 (The threshold for a PDO crash changed from $1,000 to $1,500 in July 2008.)

Road functional classification: Process by which streets and highways are grouped into classes

according to the character of service they are intended to provide.

Roadway Network System (RNS): System tracking and managing Virginia’s road inventory and

associated assets and attributes.

VDOT district: VDOT divides the state into nine districts, each of which oversees maintenance and

construction on the state-maintained highways, bridges, and tunnels in its area.

1. Bristol: Bland, Buchanan, Dickenson, Grayson, Lee, Russell, Scott, Smyth, Tazewell,

Washington, Wise, and Wythe counties

2. Salem: Bedford, Botetourt, Carroll, Craig, Floyd, Franklin, Giles, Henry, Montgomery, Patrick,

Pulaski, and Roanoke counties

3. Lynchburg: Amherst, Appomattox, Buckingham, Campbell, Charlotte, Cumberland, Halifax,

Nelson, Pittsylvania, and Prince Edward counties

4. Richmond: Amelia, Brunswick, Charles City, Chesterfield, Dinwiddie, Goochland, Hanover,

Henrico, Lunenburg, Mecklenburg, New Kent, Nottoway, Powhatan, and Prince George counties

5. Hampton Roads: Accomack, Greensville, Isle of Wight, James City, Northampton,

Southampton, Surry, Sussex, and York counties; cities of Chesapeake, Emporia, Hampton,

Newport News, Norfolk, Poquoson, Portsmouth, Suffolk, Virginia Beach, and Williamsburg

6. Fredericksburg: Caroline, Essex, Gloucester, King George, King and Queen, King William,

Lancaster, Mathews, Middlesex, Northumberland, Richmond, Spotsylvania, Stafford, and

Westmoreland counties

7. Culpeper: Albemarle, Culpeper, Fauquier, Fluvanna, Greene, Louisa, Madison, Orange, and

Rappahannock counties

8. Staunton: Alleghany, Augusta, Bath, Clarke, Frederick, Highland, Page, Rockbridge,

Rockingham, Shenandoah, and Warren counties

9. Northern Virginia: Arlington, Fairfax, Loudoun, and Prince William counties

Virginia Traffic Information Management System (VaTraffic): Integrated data management platform

for managing a variety of activities that affect the quality of travel including planned events such as

roadway maintenance and unplanned events such as traffic accidents.

Work zone: An area of a highway or roadway with construction, maintenance, or utility work activities.

Glossary

2011-2015 Virginia Work Zone Crash Facts 1

Statewide work zone safety measures are presented in this section. There are two types of safety

measures: performance measures and summary measures. The safety performance measures are

for monitoring and evaluating the statewide safety performance of work zones, and the safety

summary measures are for providing additional insights and understanding on work zones and

work zone safety in general. Please refer to VDOT’s 2016 research report (VTRC 16-R10),

“Work Zone Safety Performance Measures for Virginia,” for details of these safety measures and

their development.

Crash locations are classified into interstate and non-interstate highways based on

TMPD_FUNCTIONAL_CLASS_CD in the RNS crash database. Specifically, a crash with

TMPD_FUNCTIONAL_CLASS_CD = ‘INT’ is classified as a crash occurring on an interstate

highway and a crash with TMPD_FUNCTIONAL_CLASS_CD not equaling ‘INT’ is classified

as a crash occurring on a non-interstate highway. Work zone locations are classified into

interstate and non-interstate highways based on a route number starting with an “I”

corresponding to “interstate” in the VaTraffic database.

Virginia’s Work Zone Safety Measures


Safety Performance Measures

Four safety performance measures of work zones were calculated using 2011-2015 crash data

extracted from the RNS crash database and 2011-2015 exposure data extracted from the

VaTraffic database: (1) all work zone crashes, (2) fatal and injury work zone crashes, (3) all

work zone crashes per million work zone-hour-miles, and (4) fatal and injury work zone crashes

per million work zone-hour-miles.

All Work Zone Crashes (2011-2015)

Fatal and Injury Work Zone Crashes (2011-2015)

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

All Roads 3,445 3,464 3,404 4,071 2,622

Interstate Highways 1,936 1,867 2,029 2,645 1,031

Non-Interstate Highways 1,509 1,597 1,375 1,426 1,591

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

Wo

rk Z

on

e C

rash

es

Year

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

All Roads 1,229 1,213 1,123 1,232 858

Interstate Highways 643 604 620 732 296

Non-Interstate Highways 586 609 503 500 562

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

Fata

l an

d I

nju

ry W

ork

Zon

e C

rash

es

Year


All Work Zone Crashes per Million Work Zone-Hour-Miles (2011-2015)

Fatal and Injury Work Zone Crashes per Million Work Zone-Hour-Miles (2011-2015)

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

All Roads 1,955 2,147 1,973 2,355 1,333

Interstate Highways 2,452 2,494 2,084 3,054 960


0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

3,000

3,500

Wo

rk Z

on

e C

rash

es

Per

Mil

lio

n W

ork

Zo

ne-H

ou

r-M

iles

Year

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

All Roads 697 752 651 713 436



0

200

400

600

800

1,000

Fata

l an

d I

nju

ry W

ork

Zon

e C

rash

es

Per

Mil

lion

Work

Zon

e-H

ou

r-M

iles

Year


Safety Summary Measures

Eight safety summary measures of work zones were calculated using 2011-2015 crash data

extracted from the RNS crash database and 2011-2015 exposure data extracted from the

VaTraffic database: (1) fatalities and injuries at work zone crashes, (2) work zones, (3) work

zone-hours, (4) work zone-miles, (5) work zone-hour-miles, (6) all work zone crashes per 1,000

work zones, (7) all work zone crashes per 1,000 work zone-hours, and (8) fatal and injury work

zone crashes per 1,000 work zones.

Fatalities and Injuries at Work Zone Crashes (2011-2015)

Work Zones (2011-2015)

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

All Roads 1,822 1,791 1,699 1,874 1,424

Interstate Highways 943 868 924 1,095 484


0

400

800

1,200

1,600

2,000

Fata

liti

es a

nd

In

juri

es

at

Work

Zon

e C

rash

es

Year

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

All Roads 29,193 31,072 31,941 29,674 32,923



0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Wo

rk Z

on

es (

1,0

00

)

Year


Work Zone-Hours (2011-2015)

Work Zone-Miles (2011-2015)

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

All Roads 1,301,629 1,415,729 1,313,973 1,218,193 1,474,544


Non-Interstate Highways 1,003,692 1,125,308 1,008,970 923,328 1,067,708

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

1,400

1,600

Wo

rk Z

on

e-H

ou

rs (

1,0

00

)

Year

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

All Roads 118,067 107,247 133,810 127,649 124,645



0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

160

Wo

rk Z

on

e-M

iles

(1

,000

)

Year


Work Zone-Hour-Miles (2011-2015)

All Work Zone Crashes per 1,000 Work Zones (2011-2015)

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

All Roads 1,762,544 1,613,580 1,725,213 1,728,945 1,967,386

Interstate Highways 789,454 748,691 973,620 866,059 1,073,815


0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

Work

Zon

e-H

ou

r-M

iles

(1,0

00)

Year

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

All Roads 118 111 107 137 80



0

50

100

150

200

250

Wo

rk Z

on

e C

rash

es

Per

1,0

00

Wo

rk Z

on

es

Year


All Work Zone Crashes per 1,000 Work Zone-Hours (2011-2015)

Fatal and Injury Work Zone Crashes per 1,000 Work Zones (2011-2015)

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

All Roads 3 2 3 3 2



0

2

4

6

8

10

Work

Zon

e C

rash

es

Per

1,0

00 W

ork

Zon

e-H

ou

rs

Year

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

All Roads 42 39 35 42 26



0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Fa

tal

an

d I

nju

ry W

ork

Zo

ne

Cra

shes

Per

1,0

00

Wo

rk Z

on

es

Year


Work zone crash characteristics are presented in this section. Most characteristics are shown on

a statewide 5-year aggregate basis, and some are shown on an annual or district basis. Road

functional classification is based on TMPD_FUNCTIONAL_CLASS_CD, and facility type is

based on RIM_FACILITY_TYPE_CD in the RNS crash database.

Virginia’s Work Zone Crash Characteristics


Statewide Crash Characteristics

Yearly Work Zone Crashes (2011-2015)

Quarterly Work Zone Crashes (2011-2015)

3,445 3,464 3,404

4,071

2,622

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015

Yea

rly C

rash

es

Year

591

976

881

997

724

986

901853

558

873936

1,037

847

1,0871,0961,041

506

768731

617

0

200

400

600

800

1,000

1,200

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Qu

art

erly

Cra

shes

Quarter

2011 2012 2013 2014 2015


Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Quarter (2011-2015)

Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Month (2011-2015)

Q1

3,226

19%

Q2

4,690

28%Q3

4,545

27%

Q4

4,545

27%

1,015 975

1,236

1,443

1,5781,669

1,5471,602

1,396

1,852

1,459

1,234

0

400

800

1,200

1,600

2,000

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

5-Y

ear

Cra

shes

Month


Percentages of Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Light Condition by Quarter (2011-2015)

Note: “Others” include dawn, dusk, unknown, etc.

Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Number of Vehicles (2011-2015)

Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4

Daylight 66% 75% 71% 62%

Darkness, Road Lighted 17% 13% 14% 19%

Darkness, Road Not Lighted 12% 9% 12% 14%

Others 5% 3% 3% 5%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Co

lum

n P

erce

nt

Quarter

1 Vehicle

2,428

14%

2 Vehicles

11,466

68%

3 Vehicles

2,452

14%4 Vehicles

523

3%

5+ Vehicles

137

1%


Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Presence of Workers (2011-2015)

Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Crash Severity (2011-2015)

Note: Crash severity is based on the KABCO severity scale. A “No Injury” crash is also called a property damage

only (PDO) crash.

No Workers

Present

7,522

44%

With Law

Enforcement

2,297

14%With No Law

Enforcement

7,185

42%

Fatal Injury

(K)

58

0.3%Incapacitating

(A)

822

5%Non-Incapacitating

(B)

2,777

16%Possible Injury

(C)

1,998

12%

No Injury

(O)

11,351

67%


Percentages of Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by District by Crash Severity (2011-2015)

Note: Crash severity is based on the KABCO severity scale. A “No Injury” crash is also called a property damage

only (PDO) crash.

Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Collision Type (2011-2015)

Note: “Others” include head on, fixed object in road, sideswipe in opposite direction, etc.

Fatal Injury

(K)

Incapacitating

(A)

Non-Incapacitating

(B)

Possible Injury

(C)

No Injury

(O)

Bristol 7% 5% 3% 2% 3%

Salem 12% 6% 4% 3% 5%

Lynchburg 2% 1% 1% 3% 2%

Richmond 9% 11% 12% 10% 11%

Hampton Roads 19% 15% 15% 18% 12%

Fredericksburg 2% 8% 6% 5% 7%

Culpeper 2% 2% 3% 2% 2%

Staunton 5% 6% 2% 3% 2%

Northern Virginia 43% 45% 53% 55% 57%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%C

olu

mn

Per

cen

t

Crash Severity (KABCO Scale)

Rear End

9,329

55%

Angle

2,415

14%

Fixed Object,

Off Road

2,218

13%

Sideswipe,

Same Direction

182

1%

Others

2,862

17%


Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Road Alignment (2011-2015)

Note: “Others” include straight or curve hillcrest; straight or curve, dip; etc.

Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Weather Condition (2011-2015)

Note: “Others” include fog, mist, raining, snowing, etc.

Straight, Level

12,934

76%

Straight, Grade

2,183

13%

Curve, Level

663

4%

Curve, Grade

549

3%Others

677

4%

Clear or Cloudy

15,072

89%

Rain

1,459

9%

Others

475

3%


Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Light Condition (2011-2015)


Percentages of Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by District by Light Condition (2011-2015)


Daylight

11,690

69%

Darkness,

Road Lighted

2,647

16%

Darkness,

Road Not

Lighted

1,981

12%

Others

688

4%

DaylightDarkness,

Road Lighted

Darkness,

Road Not LightedOthers

Bristol 3% 1% 1% 2%

Salem 5% 2% 6% 5%

Lynchburg 2% 1% 1% 1%

Richmond 11% 5% 20% 11%

Hampton Roads 11% 26% 7% 14%

Fredericksburg 7% 1% 12% 4%

Culpeper 3% 1% 3% 3%

Staunton 3% 0% 4% 3%

Northern Virginia 55% 63% 47% 56%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Colu

mn

Per

cen

t

Light Condition


Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Surface Condition (2011-2015)

Note: “Others” include snowy, icy, muddy, oil or other fluids, etc.

Percentages of Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Light Condition by Surface Condition (2011-2015)

Note: “Others” include snowy, icy, muddy, oil or other fluids, etc.

Dry

14,739

87%

Wet

1,869

11%

Others

398

2%

Dry Wet Others

Daylight 70% 61% 59%

Darkness, Road Lighted 15% 17% 19%

Darkness, Road Not Lighted 11% 16% 14%

Others 4% 6% 9%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Co

lum

n P

erce

nt

Surface Condition


Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Time of Day (2011-2015)

Five-Year Work Zone Crashes per Hour by Time of Day (2011-2015)

12AM-6AM

1,629

10%

6AM-9AM

2,189

13%9AM-4PM

7,614

45%

4PM-7PM

2,778

16%

7PM-12AM

2,796

16%

12AM-6AM

272

8%

6AM-9AM

730

20%9AM-4PM

1,088

30%

4PM-7PM

926

26%

7PM-12AM

559

16%


Percentages of Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Collision Type by Time of Day (2011-2015)


Percentages of Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Functional Classification by Time of Day (2011-2015)

Note: “Unknown” includes non–VDOT maintained roads (e.g., roads in cities or towns) or roads that are not

identified because of insufficient or unclear locational information in a police crash report.

12AM-6AM 6AM-9AM 9AM-4PM 4PM-7PM 7PM-12AM

Rear End 37% 55% 57% 62% 51%

Angle 10% 14% 15% 15% 15%

Fixed Object, Off Road 14% 13% 14% 10% 14%

Sideswipe, Same Direction 2% 1% 1% 1% 1%

Others 37% 17% 13% 12% 19%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Colu

mn

Per

cen

t

Time of Day

12AM-6AM 6AM-9AM 9AM-4PM 4PM-7PM 7PM-12AM

Interstate Highways 74% 56% 49% 54% 66%

Arterials 18% 32% 35% 32% 25%

Collectors 1% 3% 3% 3% 1%

Local Roads 0% 1% 1% 1% 1%

Unknown 6% 8% 11% 10% 7%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Colu

mn

Per

cen

t

Time of Day


Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Day of Week (2011-2015)

Percentages of Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Time of Day by Day of Week (2011-2015)

Monday

2503

15%

Tuesday

2740

16%

Wednesday

2843

17%

Thursday

3015

18%

Friday

2709

16% Saturday

1734

10%

Sunday

1462

9%

Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

12AM-6AM 8% 8% 8% 7% 10% 17% 16%

6AM-9AM 14% 15% 15% 14% 13% 8% 6%

9AM-4PM 48% 44% 44% 46% 46% 45% 37%

4PM-7PM 16% 16% 18% 16% 17% 15% 16%

7PM-12AM 14% 17% 16% 17% 14% 15% 25%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Co

lum

n P

erce

nt

Day of Week


Percentages of Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Collision Type by Day of Week (2011-2015)


Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Functional Classification (2011-2015)



Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sunday

Rear End 54% 55% 56% 57% 57% 51% 50%

Angle 14% 15% 14% 15% 14% 15% 12%

Fixed Object, Off Road 13% 13% 14% 13% 14% 12% 10%

Sideswipe, Same Direction 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1% 1%

Others 17% 16% 16% 14% 15% 21% 25%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Colu

mn

Per

cen

t

Day of Week

Rural Interstates

869

5%

Rural Routes

833

5%

Urban Interstates

8,435

50%

Urban Routes

5,036

30%

Unknown

1,833

11%


Yearly Work Zone Crashes by Functional Classification (2011-2015)



Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Facility Type (2011-2015)

Note: “Others” include one-way system, transition, structures (e.g., bridge and tunnel), etc. “Unknown” includes

non–VDOT maintained roads (e.g., roads in cities or towns) or roads that are not identified because of insufficient or

unclear locational information in a police crash report.

155

169

1,7

54

951

416

159

215

1,6

80

1,1

37

273

211

151

1,7

77

950

315

225

114

2,3

48

945

439

119

184

876 1,0

53

390

0

500

1,000

1,500

2,000

2,500

Rural Interstates Rural Routes Urban Interstates Urban Routes Unknown

Yea

rly C

raash

es

Functional Classification

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015

Two-Way

Undivided,

No Control of

Access

1,717

10%

Two-Way

Divided,

No Control of

Access

2,966

17%

Two-Way

Divided,

Partial Control

of Access

494

3%

Two-Way

Divided,

Full Control of

Access

8,773

52%

Others

954

6%

Unknown

2,102

12%


Percentages of Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Collision Type by Facility Type (2011-2015)

Note: “Others” in facility type include one-way system, transition, structures (e.g., bridge and tunnel), etc.

“Unknown” in facility type includes non–VDOT maintained roads (e.g., roads in cities or towns) or roads that are

not identified because of insufficient or unclear locational information in a police crash report. “Others” in collision

type include head on, fixed object in road, sideswipe in opposite direction, etc.

Vehicles in Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Vehicle Type (2011-2015)

Note: “Truck” includes a single-unit truck with 2 or more axles and a truck tractor (bobtail–no trailer). “Others”

include recreational vehicle, bus, etc.

Two-Way

Undivided,

No Control

of Access

Two-Way

Divided,

No Control

of Access

Two-Way

Divided,

Partial Control

of Access

Two-Way

Divided,

Full Control

of Access

Others Unknown

Rear End 46% 53% 58% 61% 42% 45%

Angle 25% 25% 19% 7% 9% 22%

Fixed Object, Off Road 7% 10% 9% 16% 14% 10%

Sideswipe, Same Direction 3% 1% 1% 0% 1% 3%

Others 20% 10% 13% 16% 34% 21%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Colu

mn

Per

cen

t

Facility Type

Passenger Car

19,326

54%

SUV

6,335

18%

Pickup Truck

3,691

10%

Truck

3,129

9%

Van

2,118

6%

Others

661

2%

Motorcycle

302

1%


Vehicles in Yearly Work Zone Crashes by Vehicle Type (2011-2015)

Note: “Truck” includes a single-unit truck with 2 or more axles and a truck tractor (bobtail–no trailer). “Others”

include recreational vehicle, bus, etc.

3,9

11

1,2

58

760

633

433

63

143

4,0

72

1,2

34

683

615

483

64

133

3,9

66

1,2

67

732

623

415

70

119

4,4

96

1,5

75

897

768

514

56

139

2,8

81

1,0

01

61

9

490

273

49

127

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

Passenger Car SUV Pickup Truck Truck Van Motorcycle Others

Nu

mb

er o

f V

ehic

les

Vehicle Type

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015


Crash Characteristics by District

Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by District (2011-2015)

Percentages of Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Presence of Workers by District (2011-2015)

Bristol

467

3%

Salem

759

4%

Lynchburg

289

2% Richmond

1,870

11% Hampton

Roads

2,237

13%

Fredericks-

burg

1,085

6%

Culpeper

392

2%Staunton

442

3%

Northern

Virginia

9,465

56%

Bristol Salem Lynchburg RichmondHampton

Roads

Fredericks-

burgCulpeper Staunton

Northern

Virginia

No Workers Present 25% 41% 45% 29% 44% 36% 39% 37% 50%

With No Law Enforcement 72% 51% 49% 46% 36% 40% 54% 55% 40%

With Law Enforcement 3% 9% 5% 25% 20% 24% 7% 8% 10%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Co

lum

n P

erce

nt

District


Percentages of Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Collision Type by District (2011-2015)


Percentages of Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Light Condition by District (2011-2015)



Roads

Fredericks-


Northern

Virginia

Rear End 53% 49% 51% 51% 54% 59% 56% 48% 56%

Angle 17% 17% 19% 19% 20% 13% 19% 16% 11%

Fixed Object, Off Road 9% 9% 7% 14% 8% 12% 9% 10% 15%

Sideswipe, Same Direction 1% 1% 2% 1% 2% 1% 1% 2% 1%

Others 21% 24% 21% 15% 16% 16% 16% 25% 16%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Colu

mn

Per

cen

t

District


Roads

Fredericks-


Northern

Virginia

Daylight 88% 75% 79% 67% 59% 72% 78% 77% 68%

Darkness, Road Lighted 3% 6% 9% 8% 31% 3% 4% 3% 18%

Darkness, Road Not Lighted 6% 15% 9% 21% 6% 22% 13% 16% 10%

Others 4% 4% 3% 4% 4% 3% 5% 5% 4%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Colu

mn

Per

cen

t

District


Percentages of Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Time of Day by District (2011-2015)

Percentages of Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Functional Classification by District (2011-2015)




Roads

Fredericks-


Northern

Virginia

12AM-6AM 3% 7% 6% 8% 9% 11% 5% 8% 11%

6AM-9AM 11% 9% 10% 10% 10% 9% 9% 12% 15%

9AM-4PM 58% 50% 48% 48% 39% 50% 57% 49% 43%

4PM-7PM 20% 21% 26% 13% 14% 16% 17% 17% 17%

7PM-12AM 8% 13% 10% 21% 28% 14% 12% 14% 14%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Colu

mn

Per

cen

t

District


Roads

Fredericks-


Northern

Virginia

Rural Interstates 13% 19% 0% 8% 1% 4% 9% 27% 3%

Rural Routes 25% 14% 24% 5% 3% 9% 24% 16% 1%

Urban Interstates 17% 17% 0% 28% 27% 47% 2% 10% 69%

Urban Routes 16% 31% 46% 46% 51% 26% 46% 26% 21%

Unknown 29% 19% 29% 13% 18% 13% 18% 21% 5%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Co

lum

n P

erce

nt

District


Percentages of Five-Year Work Zone Crashes by Facility Type by District (2011-2015)

Note: “Others” include one-way system, transition, structures (e.g., bridge and tunnel), etc. “Unknown” includes

non–VDOT maintained roads (e.g., roads in cities or towns) or roads that are not identified because of insufficient or

unclear locational information in a police crash report.


Roads

Fredericks-


Northern

Virginia

Two-Way Undivided, No Control of Access 24% 25% 28% 14% 14% 12% 19% 27% 5%

Two-Way Divided, No Control of Access 12% 15% 20% 28% 32% 22% 26% 12% 12%

Two-Way Divided, Partial Control of Access 1% 2% 11% 2% 3% 0% 8% 0% 3%

Two-Way Divided, Full Control of Access 33% 37% 6% 41% 28% 57% 15% 39% 64%

Others 2% 2% 2% 4% 3% 1% 2% 2% 8%

Unknown 28% 20% 32% 11% 20% 8% 30% 20% 8%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Colu

mn

Per

cen

t

District

september 2016 traffic engineering division...road functional classification: process by which...

Documents