Separation technique

Made by :- Sanchit

Separating of mixture into pure substance

• A mixture can be separated into it’s component by physical methods depending upon the properties of components

• Ex. Hand picking, filtration, evaporation

Types of Separation Technique

• There are many types of separation technique, which are:-

1. Evaporation 2. Centrifugation

3. Separating funnel 4. Sublimation5. Chromatography 6. Distillation 7.Fractional Distillation 8.Crystallisation

Evaporation• Evaporation is a technique by which

we can separate the Volatile component that is solvent from it’s Non – Volatile solute.

• Example :- Blue-dye can be obtained from blue ink by the method of Evaporation.

Centrifugation • It is a process in which denser

particles are forced to settle at the bottom and lighter stay at the top when rotted at high speed.

• Example :- To separate Cream from Milk

• Application :- 1. It is used for blood and urine test2. It is used in automatic washing

machine to Squeeze out water from wet clothes

Separating funnel (Separation of immiscible liquid)

• Those liquids which do not mix with each other are called immiscible liquids. Ex :- kerosene in water, oil in water ,etc.

• Immiscible liquid can be separated out by using separating funnel.

• Principle behind that immiscible liquid separate out layer depending on their densities

Application 1. It is used in extraction of organic

compound of organic substance in which these compound are more soluble then water.

2. It is also used in removing molten slag which float over molten iron at the bottom of blast Furness.

Sublimation • Sublimation is the a process of

separate mixture of two substance in which one of them can sublime and other can not.

• Example:-Mixture of iodine and sand

Chromatography • The Process of separation of

components of a mixture is known as Chromatography.

• ‘Kroma’ in Greek means colours.• Chromatography is the technique used

for separation of those solutes that dissolve in the same solvent.

Applications• To separate1. Colours in dye2. Pigment from natural colours 3. Drugs/Medicine from blood

Distillation /Fractional Distillation• Those liquid which Mixed Thoroughly with

each other are called miscible liquid. Ex :- Alcohol and water

• They can be separated by process of distillation.

• Two miscible liquid that boil with out decomposition and have sufficient difference in their boiling point (of about 25K) and can be separated by the method of distillation.

• It is a double of evaporation followed by Condensation.

• To separate a mixture of two or more miscible liquid for which the difference in boiling points is less than 25 K , Fractional distillation process is used .

• For example, separating different gases from air, etc.

Crystallisation• The crystallisation method is used to

purify solids. For Example, the salt from sea water.

• Crystallisation technique is better than simple evaporation technique as –

1. Some solids decompose or some, like sugar charred on heating to dryness.

2. Some impurities may remain dissolved in the solution even after filtration.

Application• Purification of salt that we get from

sea water.• Separation of crystals of alum from

impurities sample.

Thank you