sep. 2003lenko grigorov, queen's university1 graphics for des …circles and arrows in the sand

Sep. 2003 Lenko Grigorov, Queen's University

1

Graphics for DES

…circles and arrows in the sand


2

Goal

• Create graphics (graphs) which can be (re)used in papers.– vector description (vs. bitmaps)

• scalability• size

– application independent data format• can be used with Word/LaTeX/etc.• can be edited

– easy to create (we are lazy)– cheap!


3

Paths

• CorelDRAW (or Visio)– best tool– Windows-only– expensive (or pirated)

• xfig– discouraging user interface– UN*X-only (a very limited Windows-version exists)

• free software (Mayura Draw, Sketch, Sodipodi, jPicEdt, etc…)– platform/format dependability


4

Choice

• Encapsulated PostScript (EPS)– vector format– standard– works with PS printers only– convertible to PDF– good integration with LaTeX– importable to Word


5

Tools• User (geek)• LaTeX (MiKTeX)

– http://www.miktex.org/

• pstricks (LaTeX add-on)– http://www.pstricks.de/

• Java– http://java.sun.com/

• Ghostscript– http://www.cs.wisc.edu/~ghost/

• epsBoxFix (that’s mine!!… and it’s buggy)– http://www.a-ideas.com/epsBoxFix/


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• Describe graph– create .tex file\documentclass{article}\usepackage{pst-tree} %for trees\usepackage{pst-node} %for other graphs\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}. . . %here be graphics\end{document}

– use PST commands to describe graph• more on this later• unfortunately, no lazy graphical tool

– well, there is jPicEdt for the brave

Process (1 of 3)


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Process (2 of 3)

• Compile graph– two runs of LaTeX (PST calculates distances)

• latex graph.tex

• latex graph.tex

– DivX… I mean DVIPS (-E is for EPS)• dvips -o graph.eps -E graph.dvi

– epsBoxFix to fix the output of DVIPSjava -jar epsBoxFix.jar "C:\gs\gs8.00\bin\gswin32c.exe" graph.eps

• CAUSION: Do NOT trust your only copy of an EPS file to epsBoxFix!


8

Process (3 of 3)

• Use graph in paper– Word:

• menu Insert/Picture/From file

• print to PDF or to PS printer only

– LaTeX:\begin{figure}

\begin{center}

\includegraphics[scale=.67]{graph.eps}

\caption{\label{fig:1}Cindy Crawford on the beach}

\end{center}

\end{figure}


9

Why epsBoxFix?(or a small advertisement)

• EPS files contain a BoundingBox comment, which specifies which part of the whole page actually contains the graphic

• DVIPS does not handle PST output correctly and the BoundingBox comment is incorrect

• I couldn’t find a freely available tool, which can convert PS to EPS reasonably, or which can fix the BoundingBox comment– GhostScript can be used for PS2EPS conversion, but Type1

fonts are rendered to bitmaps (which is no good)


10

EPS vs. embedding

• embedding– simpler– no problems with fonts– smaller file

• EPS– environment-independent– reusable!– standard


11

PSTricks

• Documentation:– http://www.maths.lth.se/help/latex/pstricks/

• User Manual

• untitled – PST for graphs

• Use:– \usepackage{pst-tree} %for trees– \usepackage{pst-node} %for other graphs


12

PST nodes

• empty node (no visual output)– \pnode(x,y){name}

• circular node, empty– \Cnode*[par](x,y){name}

• circular node, with text– \circlenode*[par]{name}{stuff}

• name is used to create connections• stuff is the stuff you want in the node


13

PST connections

• Syntax:– \ctype[par]{arrows}{node1}{node2}

• “ctype” can be:– ncline (straight line)– ncarc (an arc). [arcangle=deg] can be used to

control the curve (30° works well)– nccircle[par]{arrows}{node}{radius} (can be

used for self-loops)


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PST connection labeling• label commands have to come right after connection

commands• commands are:

– \naput*[par]{stuff} (above connection)– \ncput*[par]{stuff} (on connection)– \nbput*[par]{stuff} (below connection)

• the star causes the label to mask the underlying connection• use [npos=number] to position the label along the

connection (0=starting node, 1=end node)• use [nrot=:angle] to rotate label, [nrot=:U] makes it

parallel to the connection


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PST node labeling

• \nput*[par]{refangle}{name}{stuff}

• refangle tells at what angle around the node the label should be placed

• [labelsep=number] tells how far from the node the label should be placed


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PST parameters

• Parameters can be set globally using:– \psset{key=value}

• Could be:– radius– arrows (-> ; <- ; <->)– arcangle– linecolor– etc…


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Labeling example\cnode(0,0){.5cm}{root}\cnode*(3,1.5){4pt}{A}\cnode*(3,0){4pt}{B}\cnode*(3,-1.5){4pt}{C}\psset{nodesep=3pt} %or\psset{nodesep=3pt\psset{nodesep=3pt,,nrot=:U}nrot=:U}\ncline{root}{A}\naput{above}\ncline{root}{B}\ncput*{on}\ncline{root}{C}\nbput{below}


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PST matrix

• The coolest stuff for the manual creation of aligned graphs

• \psmatrix[par] … \endpsmatrix

• \begin{psmatrix}[par] … \end{psmatrix}

• columns separated by ‘&’, rows by ‘\\’

• par: colsep=number, rowsep=number, etc…

• mnode=p|c|circle|… (the prefixes of node names)

• nodes referred by name or coordinates (e.g., {1,2})


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Matrix example 1

$

\psmatrix[colsep=1cm]

& [mnode=circle] X \\

Y & Z

\endpsmatrix

\psset{nodesep=3pt,arrows=->}

\ncline{1,2}{2,1}

\ncline{1,2}{2,2}

\ncline[linestyle=dotted]{2,1}{2,2}

$


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Matrix example 2

\psset{arrows=->}

\begin{psmatrix}[rowsep=1cm,mnode=circle]

[name=A, mnode=p] &

[name=B,colsep=.5cm,doubleline=true,doublesep=.1mm] {\makebox[1ex]{}} &

[name=C] {\makebox[1ex]{}}

\end{psmatrix}

\ncarc[arcangle=30]{->}{B}{C}

\naput{$\textup{goS}_i$, $\textup{goB}_i$}

\ncarc[arcangle=30]{->}{C}{B}

\naput{$\textup{fetch10}_i$, $\textup{fetch20}_i$}

\ncline{->}{A}{B}


21

PST trees

\pstree{(root)node}{(sub)trees and (terminal)nodes}

\pstree{\Toval{root}}{\TC* \TC* \TC* \TC*}

\pstree{\Tp}{

\TC*

\pstree{\Tc{3pt}}{\TC* \TC*}

\TC*}


22

PST trees

• Brackets are important!• Nodes are: Tp, Tc, Tcircle, … (T with node type)• Set parameters using \pstree[key=value]

– treemode=L|R|U|D (left, right, up, down)– treefit=tight|loose– treesep (separation between nodes in same level)– levelsep=*number (separation between levels; no star:

use centers of nodes, star: use edges of nodes and 2 LaTeX runs needed)

– thistreefit / thistreesep / thislevelsep


23

PST tree edges

• Names of nodes– name=id– \pssucc, \pspred (this and predecessor)

• Edges are drawn automatically– override with edge=none|connection command

• Edge labels– use \naput, \ncput etc. after the node or– ^{label} = \naput; _{label} = \nbput (\ncput: no shortcut)– ~{label} labels the node (use \nput to change position)– if you use \nput, you cannot use ‘^’ and ‘_’


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Tree example\psset{arrows=->}

\pstree[treemode=R,linecolor=history]

{\Tcircle[linecolor=history]{\makebox[1em]{0}}}

{\pstree[linecolor=black]

{\Tcircle[linecolor=black]{\makebox[1em]{1}}

^{$\textup{goS}_{1}$}}

{\Tcircle{\makebox[1em]{3}}~{$v=-400$}

^{$\textup{fetch10}_{1}$}

\Tcircle{\makebox[1em]{4}}~{$v=\infty$}

_{$\textup{goS}_{2}$}

}}


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Summary

• The solution is:– versatile (PST can make all kinds of graphics)– applicable (vector EPS output)– cheap (free)

• Is it fun?– yes, assuming we have the geek user

• Tools still missing…– GIDDES 2 PST?

• Conclusion:– we are still in the dark ages of circles and arrows


26

Service Pack 1

• This information was obtained recently:– Karbon14 (part of KOffice)

and– Draw (part of OpenOffice)

seem to be capable of exporting to EPS.• KOffice runs on UN*X, Linux, Windows+Cygwin.

• OpenOffice runs on UN*X, Linux, Windows.


27

…

• Lenko recommends the use of:

TeXnicCenterhttp://www.toolscenter.org/products/texniccenter/

(I get $5 for each eye that sees this slide)

sep. 2003lenko grigorov, queen's university1 graphics for des …circles and arrows in the sand

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