seminar icar challenges ayyappan_180112
DESCRIPTION
Ayyappan S (2012) Feeding over a billion forever: challenges and priorities for ICAR in the next decade, ACIAR Seminar Series presentation, 18 January 2012, Canberra, Australia.TRANSCRIPT
Presenter Dr Subbanna AyyappanDirector General, Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR)Secretary of the Department of Agricultural Research and EducationACIAR Policy Advisory Council member
Topic “Challenges and priorities for ICAR in the next decade”
Date 11am, Wednesday 18 January 2012
Venue CSIRO Plant Industry Lecture Theatre
Acknowledgements Ayyappan S (2012) Feeding over a billion forever: challenges and priorities for ICAR in the next decade, ACIAR Seminar Series presentation, 18 January 2012, Canberra, Australia.
Feeding over a Billion Forever…(Challenges and Priorities
for ICAR in the next decade)
18 January, 2012
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
India World World India
Cereals 2237.6 242.00
Rice 455.6 95.32
Wheat 652.6 85.93
Coarse Grains 1121.3 42.22
Maize 889.2 21.23
Oilseed 464.7 31.1
Sugar 165.7 26.0
Meat 290.6 6.8
Milk 710 112.0
Fish 149.0 7.8
Developed Countries; 19 Near East na
North Africa; 37
Latin Amer-ica and
the Carib-bean;
53
Sub-Saha-ran
Africa; 239
Asia and the Pa-
cific; 578
Undernourishment in 2010, by
region (million)
Food production (mt)
India in World Food Basket
Commodity
Present Annual
Production, mt
Rank in the World
Present Annual Growth
Rate, %
Projected Required Annual Growth Rate, % (2020 – 21, on
7.3% GDP Growth)
Food grain 233.90 III 0.91 1.93
Sugar & Gur 23.80 II 1.36 1.91
Vegetables 125.80 II 4.68 2.11
Fresh Fruits 63.50 II 3.65 3.24
Milk 108.90 I 3.94 3.00
Meat 6.10 V 3.43 3.72
Eggs (billion no.) 53.50 III 5.07 3.85
Fish 7.13 III 2.68 4.25
> 17% of the world’s human & 11% livestock population and counting
4.2% of the world’s water
2.4% of the world’s area
142 m ha cultivated & 60 m ha net irrigated
137% cropping intensity
52% of population earns livelihood in agriculture
15.7% contribution in GDP
10.23% earning of total exports (~ ` 86,000 crores)
India Today…
More From Less For More
Enhancing productivity and efficiency
Primary Agriculture to Secondary Agriculture
Agriculture-Food-Nutrition-Health- Environment-Employment
Skill and Youth in Agriculture
Science-led Agriculture
Context and Paradigms
Developed Countries; 19
Near East na North Africa; 37
Latin America and the Carib-
bean; 53Sub-
Saharan Africa;
239
Asia and the Pa-
cific; 578
Undernourishment in 2010, by region (million)
Source : FAO
Prevalence of undernourishment and progress towards the World Food Summit (WFS) and the Millennium Development Goal
(MDG) targets in developing countries
WORLD Region/sub-
region/ country (under-
nourishment category)
Total Populati
on
Number of people
undernourished
Progress in
number towards
WFS
WFS trend
Proportion of undernourish
ed in total population
Progress in
prevalence
towards MDG
Target = 0.5
MDG
trend
2005-07 (million
s)
1995-97
2005-07
1995-97
2005-07
East Asia 1402.1 149.8 139.5 0.6 12 10 0.6
Southeast Asia
555.5 85.7 76.1 0.7 18 14 0.6
South Asia 1520.1 252.8 331.1 1.3 20 22 1.0
Central Asia 58.7 4.9 6.0 1.4 9 10 1.2
Western Asia 16.0 4.3 1.1 0.2 27 7 0.2
The Caribbean
34.4 8.8 8.1 1.1 28 24 0.9
South America
375.9 34.1 29.2 0.8 10 8 0.6
Near East 280.4 24.1 26.3 1.8 11 9 1.3
North Africa 158.8 5.4 6.1 1.2 - - na na
Central Africa
98.4 37.2 51.8 2.5 49 53 1.6
East Africa 252.8 84.7 86.9 1.1 44 34 0.8
Southern Africa
103.4 33.3 33.9 1.1 41 33 0.8
West Africa 275.0 32.0 28.5 0.8 15 10 0.5
Africa 888.4 192.6 207.2 1.2 28 23 0.8
Food and Nutrition Security Already Under Stress
1990-92 1995-97 2005-070
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
2020
1716
Proportion of undernour-ished in total population in developing countries
(%)
Year
Pro
port
ion
un
dern
ou
rish
ed
1990-92 1995-97 2005-070
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900826.6
768.1
835.2
No. of people undernour-ished in developing countries (millions)
Year
Peop
le u
nd
ern
ou
rish
ed
Enhanced Access to Food
Food Prices: From Crisis to Stability
Global Production Trend: CerealsGrowth Rates in Area, Production and Yield/Ha. Since 1970
-1.00
-0.50
0.00
0.50
1.00
1.50
2.00
2.50
3.00
3.50
Area Yield/ha Production
1.15
2.15
3.33
-0.89
2.78
1.87
-0.42
1.06
0.64
0.03
0.810.84
1970s
1980s
1990s
2000s
Note: Percentage of household budget spent on food by the lowest expenditure quintile of the population. Source of raw data: FAO Rural Income Generating Activities project
Poor people spend much of their income on food
Note: The size of bubbles is proportional to the number of undernourished in 2008. African countries are shown in red, Asian countries in blue and Latin American countries in green. Price used are inflation-adjusted retail prices of major staple foods in main markets, weighted by the population of each market and the share in energy intake of each staple food. Source of raw data: FAO
Difference in resilience to food price shocks across countries
Y = 4 t/ha?, * KBS
Traditional Farming(Early 1900s)
Mechanization(1960s)
Green Revolution(1970s)
Biotechnology Era(2000s)
Technology Convergence
(21st century)
Y = < 0.5 t/ha, Feudalism
Y = >0.5 t/ha, Land Reforms
Y = >1 t/ha, Co-operatives
Y = >1.5 t/ha, HRD/ Technological Break Through
Distinct Transitions: Agricultural Era
* Knowledge based Society
Productivity Gains
CommodityProductivity
1950 2009 Times
Food Grains, kg/ha
522 1898 3.6
Fruits, kg/ha 8600 13700 1.6
Vegetables, kg/ha
7500 15600 2.1
Fish, kg/ha (Aquaculture)
400 2700 6.8
Milk litre/lactation
583 1080 1.8
Eggs, No./bird 50 238 4.8
Major Concerns
Natural Resources degradation
Increasing Biotic and Abiotic Pressures
Input use Efficiency (Water, Nutrients, Energy)
Farm Mechanization
Harvest & Post Harvest Losses
Profitability in farming
Quality Human Resource
Farm Extension
Pressures on Natural
Resource BaseDeforestation
Soil erosion
Desertification
(million ha)
Land degradation
107.43
Water erosion
57.15
Degraded forests
24.90
Wind erosion 10.46
Salt-affected 6.32
Acid-affected 12.00
Others 8.60Per capita agricultural
land availability0.34 ha (1950-51)
0.17 ha (1999-2000)
0.12 ha (2010-2011)
Biodiversity for Posterity
WorldEstimated Species 10 million
Documented species 1.72 million
India: Among the 12 Mega bio-diversity Centres
India: 3 of the 34 Hot Spots of Biodiversity
12% of world’s flora
7% of world’s fauna
National Bureaus of Plant, Animal, Fish, Microbes and Insects
Climatic risks are increasing
Source: Munich Re 2009
Great weather catastrophes 1950 – 2008Number of events with trend
Impact of climate change on rainfed wheat production, 2050
Projected Impacts
Increase in CO2 to 550 ppm increases yields of rice, wheat, legumes and oilseeds by 10-20%
A 1oC increase in temperature may reduce yields of wheat, soyabean, mustard, Groundnut and potato by 3-7%. Much higher losses at higher temperatures
Productivity of most crops to decrease marginally by 2020 but by 10-40% by 2100. Increase in droughts and floods are likely to increase production variability even in short-term
Possibly some improvement in yields of chickpea, rabi maize, sorghum and millets; and coconut in west coast
Less loss in potato, mustard and vegetables in north-western India due to reduced frost damage
Assessing vulnerability of Indian agriculture to climate change: Controlled environment facilities
Dryland Farming
Drought-resistant crop varieties
Integrated Mission for Sustainable Development (IMSD)
Participatory Land and Water Resources Management : Sujala
Land Treatments for In situ Moisture Conservation
Water Saving Technologies: Laser leveling, Raised bed planting Water absorptionChlorophyll
absorption
Water content
Cell structure
Leaf Pigments
(nm)
Visible Near-Infrared
Shortwave Infrared
Integrated Mission for Sustainable Development
(IMSD)
Improving Productivity in Drylands
Land & Water resources development plans for 84 Mha in
175 dists. in country
Monitoring & Evaluation of Dev. Activity in 77 Sub-watersheds in 5 Dists. of Karnataka
Watershed prioritisation & Development using EO inputsConcurrent Monitoring & Mid-course correction of Implementation Social & Environmental Impact Assessment Improving the quality of life
Participatory Land and Water Resources Management : Sujala
Monitoring Land use Changes
Fallow
Maize
IRS- 1D,PAN+LISS-3 FEB 2002
IRS- 1D,PAN+LISS-3 FEB 2002
IRS- 1D,PAN+LISS-3 MAR, 2005
Cropping Intensity has increased from 106 %
to 128 %
Drainage
Watershed Land Use
Soil
Ground Water
Potential
Imagery
Land Resource Development
Plan
Water Resource Development
Plan
Soil-Water Conservation
Bio-engineering measures: Contour bunding/farming, Conservation furrows, bench terracing, Staggered trenching, Vegetative barriers/Check dams for rainfed lands
24 million ha-m storage of rainwater to provide supplementary and life-saving irrigations to crops and increased ground water recharge
Conservation AgricultureCountry Million
ha USA 25.30
Brazil 23.60
Argentina 18.27
Canada 12.52
Australia 9.00
Rest of the South America
3.04
Indo-Gangetic Plains 3.20/10.0
Europe 0.45
Africa 0.40
China 1.00
Others (rough estimate)
1.00
Total 98.00
Control Nano-P
Lab production of Nano particles
Field Application of nano-P on pearlmillet
Nano-Technology for enhanced use of
Phosphate Fertilizer Developed a method for production of phosphorus nano-particles from rock phosphate.
Initial results showed high promise of nano-P applications on crops of arid region
Integrated Nutrient ManagementSoil fertility
maps for precise fertilizer use
Conjunctive use of Chemical fertilizers, organic manures and Biofertilizers
New fertilizer policy – Sulphur along with NPK and micronutrients (fortified/coated and customized fertilizers)
Integrated Farming Systems
Location-specific IFS models: Cereals, Pulses, Vegetables, Fruits, Livestock and Fish
Productivity gains 3-5 times
Potential in Eastern India (12 m ha of Waterlogged lands)
Water Saving Technologies
Promotes: Intensification Diversification
Innovations: Shape future for Eastern IGP farmers
Laser land leveling - A Precursor technology
Increases irrigated area ~ 2%Increases crop yields ~ 20%Additional field area added ~ 3%
Raised bed planting
Rice-winter Maize+Potato/Rice
Pipeline Networking
Net water productivity of rice-fish farming systems
R-Rice, R-F- Rice- fish, R-FHC- Rice- fish –hort. crops,
RFDF- Rice- fish diversified farming system
1
2
3
4
0 2 4 6 8
10
12
14
16
1.5
2.7
3.8
13.8
INR/m3
R R
-F R
-F-H
C R
-FD
F
.
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
.
12/6 19/6 6/6 3/710/7 17/7 24/7 31/7 7/8 14/8 21/8 28/8 4/9 11/9 18/9 25/9
% d
evi
atio
n
Integration with ground data
Rainfall deviations
June
September
October
July
August June 215 dist
July 226 dist
August 124 dist
Sept. 115 dist
Oct. 179 dist
No. of districts under drought
National Agricultural Drought Assessment & Monitoring System
-0.27
-0.26
0.05 0.10 0.20 0.30 0.40 0.50 >0.6
Sowing progress
SeptemberJuly
District/ Sub-District Level Drought Monitoring
Policy responses have consistently evolved with successive drought events
1877
Drought Events
Major Policy Interventions
Famine Codes
1965
Green Revolution and FCI
Scarcity relief
1972
Employment Generation Programmes
Drought relief
1979
ContingencyCropPlan
Droughtmanagement
1987
WatershedApproach
Watermanagement
2002
Improved weather forecasts and their applications
Knowledge management
Each round represent death of one million people
Each round represent around fifty million people affected Source: ADPC/MOA
2009
Drought Proofing Indian Agriculture
0
50
100
150
200
2501972-7
3
1974-7
5
1979-8
0
1982-8
3
1984-8
5
1985-8
6
1986-8
7
2000-0
1
2001-0
2
2002-0
3
2003-0
4
2004-0
5
2005-0
6
2006-0
7
2007-0
8
2008-0
9
2009-1
0
Year
Food
Pro
du
cti
on
(m t
on
nes)
0
25
50
75
100
125
Mon
soon
(%
devi
ati
on
fr
om
norm
al)
Food Production (m tonnes)
Monsoon (% deviation from normal)
National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture
(NICRA ) - ` 350 crores for XI Plan
Identification of 15-20 heat/drought tolerant crops’ cultivars
Resilience to small and marginal farmers and reduce production losses at least by 25-30%
Technology demonstration in 100 districts of 27 States Capsicum 7 – 6 x KTP4 tolerant
to high temperature (summer 2007)
18 x Oregon IIHR 544 (check)
Comparison of pod size and pod filling
Fari
dkot
(Pu
nja
b)
Rop
ar
(Pu
nja
b)
West T
ripu
ra (T
ripu
ra)
Sen
ap
ati (M
an
ipu
r)
Gondia (Maharashtra)
Phulwama (J & K)
Rajkot (Gujarat)
KVKs
Quality Seed: Key to Good Agriculture
2010WW Seed market42 billion USD
Farm Saved Seed:15 billion USD
Internationally Traded:7.6 billion USD
228 members from 78 countriesISF members cover 96% of international
seed trade
Domestic Seed Market 2010(USD million) (Conversion rate: 1€=1.3USD)
TOTAL TOTAL TOTAL
USA 12,000 UK 400 Finland 160
China 6,000 Turkey 400 Austria 150
France 2,400 South Africa 370 Egypt 140
Brazil 2,000 Mexico 350 Morocco 140
India 2,000 The Netherlands 317 Bulgaria 120
Japan 1400 Czech Republic 300 Chile 120
Germany 1261 Hungary 300 Nigeria 120
Italy 780 Taiwan 300 Serbia 120
Argentina 600 Poland 260 Switzerland 118
Canada 550 Greece 240 Solvakia 110
Russian Federation 500 Sweden 240 New Zealand 100
Spain 450 Romania 220 Ireland 80
Australia 400 Belgium 185 Paraguay 80
Korea 400 Denmark 185 TOTAL 37,098
Rice GenomeTotal sequence: 15 MbNo. of genes: 2500Chromosome 11 has 218 disease resistance-like genes (> 20 % of the whole genome)
Rice Knowledge Management Portal
Improved Pusa Basmati 1 Rice
Export worth ` 12,193 crore annually
Genomes of Tomato and Wheat
Mapping QTL for grain length and ER in Sonasal x Pusa 1121 cross
Molecular Plant BreedingDisease Resistant Basmati Rice
Gene pyramided Basmati variety (Improved Pusa Basmati 1) for bacterial blight resistance
Two genes conferring tolerance to Bacterial Leaf Blight pyramided together by MAS
Commercial release - 2007
Genetically Improved Rice
Empowered to fight blight – Shri Chander Singh Lamba of Urlana Khurd, Panipat, Haryana
Improved Pusa Basmati 1 (Pusa 1460) - high yielding, bacterial blight resistant variety developed MAS by pyramiding genes xa13 and Xa21 in the background of Pusa Basmati 1. Excellent grain and cooking quality traits with less than 10% chalky grains
Duration : 135 daysAverage yield : 60 q/haPaddy price : ` 2,400/qGross return : ` 140,000/haCultivation cost : ` 20,000/haNet Return : ` 120,000/haCrop rotationPaddy - Berseem/Potato
ferritin 35S g7barGluB-1nos
Sst I Bam HI Hind III
ferritin Glo-Pnos
Sst I Bam HIKpn I
ferritin Pro-Pnos
Sst I Bam HIKpn I
Vasconcelos et al ., Plant Sci., 2003Tan et al., Int J Food Sci Tech., 2004
Khalekuzzaman et al., Int J Biotech., 2006Ozturk et al ., 2006 (iron and zinc in wheat)
Bioengineered high iron/zinc rice
Silencing of Lipoxygenase Gene
RNAi
Post-harvest storage lossesDeveloped countries: up to 10%
India: 15% - 50%
http://www.rkmp.co.inRice Knowledge
Management Portal
C4 Rice/Potato: a possibility
National Agricultural Bioinformatics Grid
National Agricultural Innovation Project
National Fund for Basic, Strategic and Frontier Applications Research in Agriculture
33.7 36
45.5 46 46.8
44 45.1
45.7
45.8
45.4
35.3 42
.5 47.1 51
.3
61.5
48.9
63
62.9
61.5 61 64.1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Yiel
d Po
tent
ial (
Q/h
a)
Variety (Year of Release)
Landmark wheat releases in India
Maize Revolution
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
2011-12 2015-16 2020-21 2025-26
67
89
12.5
16.5
20.5
22.5
3.54.5
6.5
10.5
22
28
35
42
Utilization (m
t)
Year
Food Feed
Industrial Total
GR set for Agriculture: 4%
Required GR: 4.7%
Current GR: 6.4 %
Current GR > target
Current production 20.23 mt
Are
a,
Pro
du
cti
on
Yie
ld
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
Productivity (t/ha) Production (m t)
Area (m ha)
Impact of Single Cross Hybrid Maize in India
Are
a,
Pro
du
cti
on
Pro
du
ctivity
(t/ha)
Year
Hybrid Project Launched - 1989
A - ~3 times; Prod. - >12 times; Y - ~5 times
Land races
Comp
Comp/DC
SCH
Food Productivity (Yield – Kg/ha)
1965-1996
1970-1971
1980-1981
1990-1991
1999-2000
2008-2009
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000Foodgrains
Rice
Wheat
Pulses
Production : 18.2 mtRequirement : 21.00 mtArea :
23.0 m haYield : 637
kg/ha Import : 2.5-3 mtExport : 0.16 mt
Demand Projection for
2022 : 26.43 mt
India needs to invest more in R & D to meet the requirements as world supply would not be adequate to meet India’s need
Taking Pulses Forward…
Mungbean
Meha, Samrat, HUM 1, CO6,Pusa 9531, Pusa Vishal, Ganga 8, OUM 11-5, HUM 2, HUM 6
Urdbean
Uttara, WBG 26, TU 94-2, KU 301, KU 96-3, Pant Urd 31, Pant Urd 40,WBU 109
Fieldpea Adarsh, Vikas, Prakash, Swati, HUDP 15, DDR 23, Ambika, DDR 27
Lentil DPL 62, JL 3, IPL 81, KLS 218, HUL 57, VL 507, VL 126, IPL 406, WBL 77
RajmashIPR 96-4 (Amber), IPR 98-5 (Utkarsh)
Pigeonpea
NDA 2, Vipula, TT 401, BRG 1, CO7 (CORG9701), MAL I 3, Pusa 991
The whole plant and different parts of the pigeonpea cultivar 'Asha' (ICPL 87119).
a. whole plant at fruiting stage;
b. a defoliated branch with pods;
c. a branch with heavy flowering;
d. mature seeds;
e. dehusked split seeds or 'Dal';
f. 22 chromosomesin a root tip cell
Number of chromosomes 11 pairs
Genome size (Physical) 858 Mb (million base pairs)
Genome size (Genetic) 1057 cM (centi Morgan)
Decoding of the Arhar Genome:
Paving the Way for Green Revolution in Pulses
Marker Assisted Selection
Gene pyramiding
Genomic approaches
Transgenics
Potato Cv. Kufri
Bahar
Bt-Brinjal (Event 142)
First Transgenic Sorghum for drought tolerance under
field trial
OilseedsProduction 29.75 mt (8.9 mt oil)
Area 26.69 m ha
Yield 1,115 kg/ha
Per capita consumption
14 kg/year
Requirement of country
16.1 mt (oil)
Import 7.2 mt (oil)
Demand Projection for
2015 55.5 mt (oilseeds)
2020 66.0 mt (oilseeds)
OILSEEDSGroundnut
JL 24, TMV2, TAG24, SBXI, AK12-24, GG20, TG26,Kadini6, Narayani, Greeshma, Kadiri7, Kadiri 8, Vijetha, Girnar 3. Kadiri Haritandhra, HNG 69
SoybeanJS 335, JS93-05, NRC 37, JS 97-52, JS 95-60, DS98-14, PS 1347, RKS 18, SL 668, JS97-52
Rapeseed-Mustard
Pusa bold, Pusa Jai Kisan, Varuna, RH-30, NRCDR-2, Rohini (mustard), M-27(Toria), YSB-9 (yellow sarson), NRCDR-2, DMH-1, NRCHB 506, NRCHB101, NRCDR 601, Pusa mustard 25,Pusa mustard 26, Pusa mustard 27, yellow sarson : Pitambri, NRCYS05-02, YSH-401
Sunflower
KBSH-41, KBSH-44, NDSH-1, RSFH-1, DRSF-108, SS-56, Co-4, Morden, KBSH53, PSFH 569, CO2
Safflower
A-1, Bhima, NARI 6 (non spiny), PBNS-12 (Parbhani Kusum), NARI-NH-1, NARIH 15, SSF 658
CastorJyothi, Kranthi, Haritha, GCH4, GCH 5, DCH 32, DCH 177, RHC 1, DCH 519, Sagarshakti, YRCH1, DCS 107, Chandra prabha
Sunflower + pigeonpea (2:1)
Sunflower + groundnut (1:5)
Soybean + sunflower (2:1)
Groundnut + pigeonpea (5:2)
Remunerative Intercropping Systems
Castor + groundnut (1:3/5)
Castor + mungbean (1:2)
Castor + clusterbean (1:2)
Castor + pigeonpea (1:1) Chickpea + Mustard (3:1)
IPM
Acerophagus papayae
Pseudleptomastix mexicana Anagyrus loecki
Agri-Intelligence
Surveillance
Forecasting
Crop Abiotic Stress type
Rice Drought, Salinity
Wheat High temp., Drought, Salinity
Sorghum Drought
Maize Water logging, drought
Chickpea Drought, Cold tolerance
Pigeonpea Salinity, Drought
Groundnut Drought
Sugarcane Drought, Water logging
PotatoDrought, High temperature, Salinity
Mustard Drought, Salinity
Tomato Drought, Salinity
Cotton Drought, Salinity
Abiotic stress tolerant crops through biotechnology
Cereals37%
Pulses
6%
Oilseeds9%
Sugarcane5%
Cotton
3%
Horticulture
23%
Others17%
1990-91
Ce-re-als
31%
Pulses4%
Oilseeds8%Sugarcane
6%Cotton
5%
Hor-ti-
cul-ture30%
Others14%
2010-11
Cropping Patterns
6% area contribute 23.4% Value
9% area contribute 30.4% value at constant prices and 30.7% at
current prices
India – a leader in Horticulture
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
Banana Grapes Papaya Tapioca Lemons &Limes
Cabbage &Other
Brassicas
India Global
Yield, t/ha
Horticulture Produce 234.4 mt
Fruits India World Highest
Banana 36 18.65 36 (India)
Grapes 26 8.83 26 (India)
Mango 6 7.23 17 (Brazil)
Papaya 33 23.99 81 (Indonesia)
Pineapple
15 19.77 44 (Kenya)
All fruits
11 10.5621 (USA, Brazil)
Fruits: India in the world (t/ha)
Diagnostics developed for
banana, potato, grapes and citrus
Early diagnostics for reducing crop
losses
BBTV virus
particles
Micro rhizomesMini/ techno tuber productionSomatic embryogenesis and plumule cultureAeroponics
New propagation techniques
Technology for mass production of Banana through tissue culture
High-density planting in banana
Important Production Technologies
Arka Prabhat
Papaya
0
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
1991-92 1995-96 2000-01 2008-09Year
Potato
Area Productivity Production
Technology Impact: Potato
A temperate crop made tropical through 100% indigenously developed cultivars - 25
Self sufficiency in seed production lead to saving up to ` 2,000 crores a year
Processing varieties almost cover 10 per cent area of total potato area
High Export of potato
Kufri Pukhraj
The short day potato varieties have changed the scenario of
potato industry
Technology Impact: Grapes
Root stock technology alone revolutionized grape cultivation with 10% yield and quality
advantage fetched additional revenue of ` 790 crores
1991-92 1996-97 2001-02 2007-080
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3Area Yield Production
Grape
Organic Farming - Variants
Organic farming
Biodynamic
farming‘Vedic krishi’
Homa farming
Nature farming
Eco-farming
Traditional organic farming
Organic farming of Lavender in Himachal, India
Organic Health
Products
Organic Essential
Oils
1950-51 1968-69 1990-91 2006-070.00
50.00
100.00
150.00
200.00
250.00
17.00 21.20
53.90
112124.00
112.00
176.00
263.00
Milk production (MT)Per capita availability (g/day)
1950-51 1968-69 1990-91 2006-070.00
10.00
20.00
30.00
40.00
50.00
1.83 5.30
21.10
60
5.0010.00
25.00
51.00Egg production (billion nos)Per capita availability (nos/h/yr)
Major gains in animal productionIndia – leader in milk production for a decade
Area-based Mineral mixture as a major intervention
2009-10
2009-10
Dairy for Livelihood in Rural Areas
Improved germplasm - Enhanced milk productivity
Increase in average daily milk yield of non-descript cows by 310 g, Crossbred - 790 g, buffaloes - 730 g
since 1993-94
1993-94 1997-98 2002-03 2005-060
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
1.66 1.83 1.91.9700000000
0004
5.65
6.36 6.52 6.44
3.573.83
4.13 4.3
Av. Yield /per day/animal(kg)-ND Av. Yield /per day/animal(kg)-CBAv. Yield /per day/animal(kg)-Buffalo
Animal Production Trends - Impact of Research
Wool Production (million Kg)
Meat Production (MT)
Meat production increased by 21% during last 8 years
1950-51
1968-69
1990-91
2006-07
2007-08
2008-09
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
27.50 29.80
41.2045.20 44.00 41.00
1998-99 2002-03 2006-07 2007-08 2008-090
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
31.9 2.1 2.3
2.62.9
Wool increased by 60% compared to 1950-51
Small Ruminants - Potential Goat
Breeds
Small Ruminants - Potential Sheep Breeds
Fodder Cultivation -
Key for Dairy
improvement
Major leads in animal reproduction
Major leads in animal reproduction
World’s First AI calf of Mithun
Ten Calves produced
in a year through ETT
Garima After One YearFirst Cloned Buffalo through
Hand-guided technique
17 piglets from ‘Ghungroo’ pig
Buffalo genomics at an advanced stage
Poultry strains - Both commercial and backyard
Broiler Layer Rural02468
101214161820
1980 - 1990 1990 - 2000
Breeds with Over 300 eggs/year
Immunobiologicals and diagnostic kits
Detection of Adulteration in
Milk
Dot-ELISA kit for Brucella
Sandwich Elisa Kit for FMD virus
India Free from: Rinderpest African Horse Sickness Bovine Pleuropneumonia
OIE - Approved Referral Lab
FMD Facility For SAARC
Huge Impact on Exports
Vaccine against sheep foot rot
ELISA kit for GBNV
Biosensors for milk adulteration
Prediction system for downy mildew of cucurbits
Inland 29%
Marine 71%
Inland
60%
Marine
40%
Marine 55%
Inland45%
Fish production trends
1950-51 1995-96 2009-10012345678
0.750000000000004
4.95
7.8
10 fold
Changes in monsoon rainfall (%) and annual mean surface air temperature(°C) for the period 2071-
2100 wrt the baseline (1961-1990)
A2-CTLMonsoonPrecip
B2-CTLMonsoonPrecip
A2-CTLAnnualTemp
B2-CTLAnnualTemp
Source: IITM, K Kumar
Potential Fishing Zone
Chlorophyll Distribution
PFZ Map0.1 mg/m3 5.03.01.0
Estimated Users: 37000
No. of Nodes : > 370
Mode of DisseminationSMS, Radio, TV, Web, Kiosks, Telephone, Fax, Email
Carbon Footprint by Marine Fishing Boats
CO2 emission: Catch ratio
1980 1:1.3
1998 1:0.9
2007 1:0.8
CO2 emission: Catch ratio
Trawlers 1:0.56
Gill netters 1:0.71
Dol netters 1:0.69
Other Mech 1:0.70
Total Mech. 1:0.60
Motorised craft 1:2.08
Fossil fuel consumption by marine fishing boats is around 1,380 million liters per year
CO2 emission by marine fishing sector is around 3.6 million tonnes per year
Marine finfish breeding & culture – Seabass, Cobia
Mussel & Oyster farming
Seaweed culture
Ornamental Fish
Mariculture
AquacultureBlue revolution through Carp CultureImproved Rohu thru’ selectionDiversified farmingShrimp as a Dollar earner
AQUA TOURISM
Fish Harvest & Post-harvest
Improved fishing crafts and gearsIndustrial products
Collagen chitosan filmAbsorbable surgical suturesHigh gel strength agar from sea weedsSqualene from shark liver oil
Food productsCurry in pouches“Fishcurre”A variety of ready-to-cook and ready-to-eat products
Machines demonstrated and found wide adoption in different regions
Paddy drum seeder
Farm Mechanization
Paddy transplanter
Power Tiller
Zero till drill
Groundnut sheller
Manual weeder
Plastic mulching
Rice-wheat mechanisation
Efficient farm implements for timely operations
9-row planter Groundnut stripper
Rotary weeder 4 - row bullock drawn planter
Ergonomic/Gender-friendly tools and equipment
High Women workforce in agriculture – both production and processing
Reducing drudgery and mainstreaming
US President visits ICAR Exhibits
6th November, 2010
Termed ICAR Tools as ‘Appropriate Technologies’
Protected Cultivation
Multi-fuel Open Core Down Draft Gasifier
Gasifier system installed at M/s Suman Food Products,
Udaipur Capacity - 60 kg/h biomassUnder regular use for the
last one year
ENERGY
‘Primary Agriculture to
Secondary Agriculture’
Agro-processing centre in each village generating employment for 2-10 persons costing ` 10-15 lakhs
Developed and commercialized 60 processing machineries and technologies for post harvest loss reduction and value addition
Modernization of rice mills has led to advantage of about ` 15,000 crores / annum by way of higher rice & rice bran oil recovery, better quality.
Post Harvest Management
Novel Value Addition & Processing Technologies
Microencapsulator
Foam mat dried tomato
Peanut Milk & Products
Development of foam mat drying, ohmic heating, pulse electric field, high hydrostatic pressure systems for food processing.
Development of techniques for micro-encapsulation/ nano-encapsulation of antioxidants, vitamins and probiotics for fortification of foods.Multigrain
Biscuits
Aonla Toffee
Nutritional Information: One serving of mix (80 g) provides 16 g of dietary fiber, 248 k cal of energy, 11.4 g of protein, 71 mg of calcium, 3 mg of iron and 60 μ of carotene
Millet Monitors Diabetic
Nutritional Information: 50 g of mix provides 188 kcals of energy, 7g of protein, 141 mg of calcium and 2.5 mg of iron.
Five health foods developed and nutritional and medical claims have been included in the labels
103
Bioethanol Production From Sweet Sorghum
Work contract for Bullock Cart Owners reduced time lag between harvesting and transportation of stalk to DCU on same day enhancing juice recovery by 3%.
Juice from stalk extracted by mechanical expellers (yield: 269 litres of juice/t of stalk) and concentrated in to syrup (extending its storage life to one year; 100 litres of juice yielded 18 kg of syrup).
Primary Processing
Mobile Seed Processing Unit for
Seed Spices Tamarind processing in
Bastar
K. chipsona-2 possessed minimum conc. of acralamide content (161 µg/kg) followed by Kufri
Chandramukhi (106 µg/kg )
Potato
Specialty potatoes were marketed in retail outlets, super markets etc. in National Capital Region (Meerut,
Ghaziabad etc.)
Non conventional sources of wine
Pomegrenate Sorghum
Value added Animal products
Herbal Ghee
Mango Lassi with
Extended Shelf life
Smart Packaging including Minimal Processing
Headspace Gas Analyser
Gas permeability tester
Collaborative Researchable Issues
Development of protocols for shelf life enhancement of high value crops through modified and controlled atmosphere packaging
Development of technologies for minimal processing of high value crops for tertiary processing.
Development of smart packaging for fruits & vegetables.
Minimal Processing and Modified Atmosphere Packaging
Axial flow cotton pre-cleaner
Axial flow pre-cleaner for seed cotton for use in the production catchment
Banana fibre as fabric
Village level ring frame
Micro processor based ring frame for yarn making in rural areas
Cotton
Eco-holi and textile colours
from vegetable sources
Surface Painting of
idolsLow cost &
safe eco-holi powders
1,264 shades of Natural Dyes for Textiles from 10
sources
Attracting and Retaining Youth in Agriculture
Un
ivers
itie
s
Stu
den
ts
x1
00
0
Years
50%
20%
7%
3%5%
1%2% 12%
in Govt. Departments in Private Sectoras Teachers in Researchin Banks in NGOsSelf Employed in Others
UG,25000
Masters, 8000
Ph.D., 2000
Placement
Niche Areas of Excellence
30 established
Experiential Learning
220 Units established
RCTsMedicinal and aromatic plantsArsenic toxicity Temperate fruits Fish production
Vermi-composting
Bio-fertilizer
Mushroom
Apiary
Poultry
Inland saline soils for aquaculture Functional fermented dairy products with synbioticsBiofuels
Agro-processingBakery and confectionary productsValue addition in Aonla, Mango, Tomato and ‘Kagzi’ lime
B.Sc. Agri.
B.V.Sc. & AH
B.Sc. Hort.
B.F.Sc.
B.Sc. Home Scien
ce
B.Tech.
Dairy Tech.
e-Courses in Agriculture
Farm Science Centres - Reaching the unreached
607 KVKs across the country
Knowledge Innovative Repository in Agriculture for North-East (KIRAN)
Agropedia
KM for tagging content/people
Contains over 7000 pages content
Deployed both off-line/online
Provision for social networking platform
Tremendous international curiosity: over 230,000 visitors from 196 countries
20 workshops held, 756 trained
The second phase under consideration
Information, Communication and Publicity
Open access policy for research journals -The Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences and The Indian Journal of Animal Sciences made on - line under E-PKSAR Project having 6,600 registered users in 166 different countries
ICAR website averaged more than 150,000 visitors per month
Monthly newsletter ICAR Mail in English and ICAR Chitthi in Hindi
Launched Agribiotech, a quarterly news, in 13 languages to create awareness about biotechnology
NKN: Connectivity to AUs and Institutes
AGROWEB-Digital Dissemination Systems
DIPA – Directorate of Knowledge Management in Agriculture and ARIS as Agricultural Knowledge Management Cells
IPR and Technology CommercializationPatents (2008-09)
Applications filed 55
Cumulative 385
Granted Patents 55
Foreign Patent Applications 3 PCT + A few National Phase
Plant Varieties
Applications Filed 635 (577 extant and 58 new)
Published Applications 301
Registered / protected Varieties
63
Trademarks
“PUSA” by IARI, New Delhi
“ARKA” by IIHR, Bengaluru
“IISR” by IISR (Spices), Calicut
“KNOCK WP” and “TRIVIR 1%” by DOR, Hyderabad
“CIFAX”, “CIFABROOD” “Jayanti Rohu” by CIFA, Bhubaneswar
“Vanaraja” and “Gramapriya” by PD Poultry, Hyderabad
Copyrights
Registered copyrights on Softwares
CIAE, Bhopal
DSR (Soybean), Indore
NBFGR, Lucknow
NBPGR, New Delhi
ICAR Company
Seeds
Farm Implements & Machinery
Diagnostics & Vaccines
Value Added Products
Professional Services & Turnkey Projects
Overseas Operations
The Union Cabinet approved the proposal of setting up a new company
on 11 August 2011
AGRINNOVATEINDIA
BISA
The Union Cabinet approved the proposal DARE to accept the proposal of International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) to establish an international institute, namely, Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA) in India, on September, 2011
Establishment of Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA) with centres at Ludhiana in Punjab, Pusa in Bihar and Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh
The Union Cabinet today approved the proposal of Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Research and Education to accept the proposal of International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) to establish an international institute, namely, Borlaug Institute for South Asia (BISA) in India with centres at Ludhiana in Punjab, Pusa in Bihar and Jabalpur in Madhya Pradesh.
CIMMYT is authorised to establish BISA at three centres-one each at Punjab, Bihar and Madhya Pradesh. BISA will be conferred an international status as contemplated in clause 3 of United Nations (Privileges and Immunities) Act, 1947. The Department of Agricultural Research and Education (DARE) on behalf of Government of India will be authorised in all matters regarding establishment of the institute. DARE will be authorised to conclude the agreement/MOU between the Government of India in the DARE and CIMMYT.
The establishment of BISA in India will enable India to harness the best of international science, in meeting food security challenges. India would be able to rapidly and effectively absorb the research output of BISA thus benefiting farmers of the country. A major International R&D institution will make India even a bigger centre for agricultural research in the world and this, in turn, may attract further research & development investment in the country. ***RCJ/SK/SM (Release ID :76358)
IAP: India-Australia Partnership
Since 1983; Over 80 Projects
Strategic Framework 2011-2016:
- Water management in rainfed agriculture
- Zero-tillage cropping system
- Crop breeding, including wheat
- Agriculture policy
Regional focus and Eastern India
IAP: India-Australia Partnership
Crop Improvement
- Molecular marker technologies for faster wheat breeding in India (IAP-MAWB)
- Wheat improvement for waterlogging, salinity and element toxicities in Australia and India (IAP-MAWB)
- Root system traits to improve grain yield and drought resistance of wheat in Australia and India (IAP-MAWB)
- Molecular markers for broadening the genetic base of stem rust resistance genes effective against strain Ug99
- Improving post-rainy sorghum varieties to meet the growing grain and fodder demand in India
- Improving the quality of pearl millet residues for livestock
IAP: India-Australia Partnership
Land and Water Program
- Impacts of meso-scale watershed development in Andhra Pradesh (India) and comparative catchments in Australia
- Enhancing institutional performance in watershed management in Andhra Pradesh, India
- Developing multi-scale climate change adaptation strategies for farming communities in Cambodia, Laos, Bangladesh and India
- Impact of climate change and watershed development on whole-of-basin agricultural water security in the Krishna Basin, India
- Water harvesting and better cropping systems for the benefit of small farmers in watersheds of the East India plateau
Regional and Africa programs
Contribution of Agricultural ResearchRate of returns to investments in agricultural research : Percent
33.2
Direct contribution of research to output growth: Percent
* Wheat 23.6
* Paddy 13.6
* Maize 13.1
* Bajra 20.6
* Cotton 26.4
Food Demands (mt)
CommodityBase year Projection2004-05 2020-21
Cereals 192.8 262.0
Pulses 14.2 22.2
Food grains 207.0 284.2
Milk and milk products 91.0 151.9
Egg (number billion) 44.1 87.6
Meat 2.60 4.1
Fish 5.9 11.9
Oilseeds 35.5 68.6
Vegetables 90.6 159.7
Fresh fruits 52.9 96.5
Sugarcane 262.3 435.6
ApproachHigh Value Agriculture
Secondary Agriculture (Food Technology)
Speciality Agriculture
National Agricultural Science Foundation
National Agricultural Innovation Foundation
Farmer FIRST
Student READY
R&D Policy for Agriculture
Climate Resilient Agriculture
Profit-Prestige-Partnerships in Agriculture
Agriculture as a sought after subject and a career
Food-self-Reliant and Healthy India
We foresee…
THANK YOU