Semi-solid extracts

production

As. prof. Beley N.N.Ternopil State Medical University about

Horbachevsky

Soft extracts are obtained Soft extracts are obtained with hitting and evaporation with hitting and evaporation

to remove extragentto remove extragent

Characteristics of soft extracts

Adventage: 1. Soft extracts are used

as binding agents at the manufacture of tablets and pills due to high viscosity.

2. They also may be corrigents of syrups, liquids, elixirs.

3. Soft extract is used as intermediate products for a number of dosage forms (tinctures, tablets).

Disadventage: 1. Inconvenience of

their use and weighing .

2. They require sealed packages because:

- at the dry air they are little dried and are become rigid,

- in the moist air they are absorb moisture and become mold.

Technological stages of soft extracts production:

1. Preparing of production2. Preparation of herbal raw materials (milling, sifting) and extragent3. Obtaining of liquid extract 4. Purification of liquid extract5. Evaporation of solvent for extraction

(extragent)6. Standardization 7. Packing, packaging and labeling of final

product.

The plans of fulfilling of the dry extracts production:

Evaporation stage is included

1. Obtaining of liquid extract 2. Purification of liquid

extract

3. Manstruum evaporation 4. Drying of slightly

evaporated extract5. Standardization6. Packing, packaging and

labeling of final product

Without evaporation stage

1. Obtaining of liquid extract

2. Purification of liquid extract

3. Drying of liquid extract4. Standardization5. Packing, packaging and

labeling of final product

Methods obtaining of infusion while soft and dry extracts

production:

1. Percolation 2. Repercolation 3. Bismaceration and its various modifications 4. Circulating extraction5. Extraction of HRM in a battery of percolators with

extragent circulating

6. Continuous extraction with an opposite movement of HRM and extragent to meet each other in special extractors

7. Methods of extraction, including milling of raw

materials in the environment of extragent, vortex extraction, extraction using electromagnetic waves, ultrasound, electrical discharges et al.

Repercolation

Extraction of HRM in a battery of percolators with extragent circulating

Hot continuous Extraction (Soxhlet)

Soxhlet apparatus

1. Cube for distillation2. Siphon tube3. Extractor4. Collector of

condensate

5. Reflux -condenser

Hot continuous Extraction (Soxhlet)

is repeated extraction of HRM by the circulating extragent.

There is the extragent in the cub and collector.

HRM is placed in the extractor and is poured on with an extragent just below the siphon tube.

After the imbibitions you have pass extragent through the raw and obtain infusion.

Than you have begin to heat up the extragent in the cube.

Vapours of the extragent are formed, raised in the reflux-condenser, where they condensates and go to collector.

Saturated extract again enters in the cube.

The process extraction in apparatus of Soxhlet is continued until the BAS are completely extracted and the extract in the flask is then processed.

The advantage of this method:Large amounts of HRM can be extracted with a

much smaller quantity of solvent. This effects tremendous economy in terms of

time, energy and consequently financial inputs. At small scale, it is employed as a batch process

only, but it becomes much more economical and viable when converted into a continuous extraction procedure on medium or large scale.

Continuous extraction with an opposite movement of HRM and extragent to meet each other in special extractors

HRM and extragent are continuously loaded into the extractor from opposite hopper and moving toward each other.

The degree of exhaustion of HRM is governed by the length of the apparatus and unload speeds of HRM and extragent.

Equipment for Continuous extraction with an opposite movement of HRM and extragent to meet each other in special extractors

1. Horizontal screw (helix) extractor

2. Vertical screw (helix) extractor 3. Disk extractor 4. Extractor with spring-blades

Horizontal screw extractor

1. Hopper2. Inlet for

extragent3. Outlet for

extract4. Helix

(screw)5. Inclined

helix

Vertical screw (helix) extractor 1. Loading column2. Helix to combine 3. Extractive column4. Inlet for extragent5. Outlet for extract6. Helix (screw)

Disk extractor1. Extractive tube 2, 5 Stars for movement of

rope3. Steam jacket 6. Rope to which

perforated disks are attached

7. Perforated disks8. Inlet for extragent9. Hopper 10, 12 Collector of

extragent11. Outlet for extragent

Extractor with spring-blades

1. Body2. Inlet for

extragent3. Outlet for extract4. Camera is divided

on the sections5. Drum with spring-

blades6. Plates for hitting10,11 hopper for

HRM

Advantage of the methods

1. The most effective method to get a extract with a higher yield and lower cost

2. Used a relatively small amount of extragent

3. Ability to automate the process

4. Little amount of the equipment

5. Exclude the work of downloading of raw material

Methods of extracts purification

1. Boiling, then standing in cool place and filtering.

2. Boiling with adding of kaolin, then standing and filtering.

3. Alcohol-purification method: extract is evaporated to volume lees in twice,

adding of Ethylic Alcohol 96 % in double amount, standing in cool place for 7 days.

Transparent solution is poured off, alcohol is evaporated to obtaining soft extract.

Evaporation of extragent to soft extracts production

- is process increasing extract viscosity by removing of the extragent by evaporation in the vacuum at the temperature about 50 - 60 °C.

The state of art are cautious vacuum evaporation apparatus and evaporation temperatures not exceeding 55 C.

The temperature in correlation with the evaporation time is of special importance for quality of this step of manufacture, if the extract contains easily volatile or thermo- labile constituents.

Equipment for evaporation of the extragent

1. The rotary directly flow apparatus

2. Circulating vacuum evaporator by firm Simax

3. Foam evaporator

The rotary directly flow apparatus

1. Body (corp)2. Inlet for liquid extract3. Separation camera 4. To backing of drops5. To vacuum6. To dividing of extract

on the flows7. Scrapers (blades)8. Steam jacket9. Shaft (rotor) rotating10. Outlet for soft

extract

Foam evaporator1. Pump2. Working capacity3. Partition4. Separator5. Nipple for vapour 6. Devise for distribution7. Inlet for liquid extract8. Camera for evaporation9. Ventilator10. Nipple for condensed

extract11. Horizontal hot tubes

Circulating vacuum evaporator by firm Simax

1. Flask-collector 2, 3 Tubes of the heater4. Flask for circulating of

drops and vapors of extragent

5. Trunk 6. Condenser7. Inlet for liquid extract8. Flask for extragent9. Outlet for extragent10. Circulating tube for

vapors of extragent 12. Heater

Equipment for evaporation

The plans of fulfilling of the dry extracts production :

Evaporation stage is included

1. Obtaining of liquid extract 2. Purification of liquid

extract

3. Manstruum evaporation 4. Drying of slightly

evaporated extract5. Standardization6. Packing, packaging and

labeling of final product

Without evaporation stage

1. Obtaining of liquid extract

2. Purification of liquid extract

3. Drying of liquid extract4. Standardization5. Packing, packaging and

labeling of final product

Drying of the extracts in the dry extracts production is the process of moisture removal to obtain solid or powdered product with a moisture content less than 5%.

Drying of purified extracts can be fulfilled by two planes:

1) Drying of liquid extract without evaporation

2) Drying slightly condensed extractafter the evaporation stage.

Equipment for drying of condensed extracts

1. Vacuum drying apparatus

Slightly evaporated extract is placed on trays by thin layer and dried. Porous mass is obtained which is milled.

2. Vacuum roller dryers

Slightly evaporated extract is placed on the hot rollers which rotate toward to each other. It is dried and milling simultaneous.

Equipment for drying of liquid extracts

1. Lyophilise or dye-sublimation drying - freeze dryers.

2. Spray dryer.

Thank for your attentive