Semester Review

Semester Review2012 - 13Exploration and Colonization:Exploration and Colonization:1. While Europe benefitted much from the Columbian Exchange, what kinds of things were introduced to America by Europe?

Disease, slavery, guns, fight over land

Exploration and Colonization:2. What is the significance of 1607?

Jamestown was founded as the 1st successful English settlement in America

JamestownVirginiaExploration and Colonization:3. What was the major reason the original settlers of Plymouth Colony, Maryland, and Pennsylvania came to America?

Religious freedom

Exploration and Colonization:4. What was the main reason that colonists settled in the Southern Colonies?

To make a profit

Exploration and Colonization:5. If 98% of the settlers that came to America were farmers, why did most settlers in the New England Colonies and many in the Middle colonies choose other careers?

The growing season was too short and the soil too rocky to grow cash crops

Exploration and Colonization:6. What do we call the type of farming where colonists grow just enough food to feed their family?

Subsistence farming

Exploration and Colonization:7. What was the significance of the Mayflower Compact?

The first self government in America; Democracy

Exploration and Colonization:8. What was the significance of the Virginia House of Burgesses?

The first representative government in America; Republic

Exploration and Colonization:9. What was the significance of the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut?

The first written Constitution in America; Limited Government

Exploration and Colonization:10. Why did representative government grow in the Colonies?

England was too far away to govern; Colonists were becoming more and more independent

Exploration and Colonization:11. William Penn, the founder of Pennsylvania, belonged to which religious group?

The Quakers

Exploration and Colonization:12. The Quakers believed in religious toleration, what does that mean?

All religions can live together in peace

Exploration and Colonization:13. How did the Quakers feel about slavery and womens rights?

All men and women are created equal

Exploration and Colonization:14. What do we call the section of the triangular trade that carried slaves to America?

The Middle Passage

Exploration and Colonization:15. Describe the conditions of the voyage across the Middle Passage.

Crowded, unsanitary, disease, death

Exploration and Colonization:16. What is mercantilism?

An economic theory:trade = money = power

Exploration and Colonization:17. Was mercantilism designed to build up the Colonies or the Mother Country? Explain.

It built up the economy of the mother country, it usually hurt the colonies economy

Causes of the Revolution:Causes of the Revolution:18. Why were colonists angry about the Proclamation of 1763?

It stopped western expansion

Causes of the Revolution:19. While English laws like the Navigation Acts, the Sugar Act, the Stamp Act, and the Townshend Acts were designed to help the English economy, what did it do to the Colonial economy?

It hurt the colonies economy

Causes of the Revolution:20. One of the biggest complaints of the colonies was taxation without representation. Although they were not happy about the taxes, their bigger concern was what?

Lack of Representation in Parliament when all other Englishmen had it

Causes of the Revolution:21. What Colonial action helped push England to repeal the Stamp Act of 1765 and became their best weapon against British taxes?

American boycotts

Causes of the Revolution:22. Who is best known for founding the Sons of Liberty?

Samuel Adams

Causes of the Revolution:23. How was the Boston Massacre used by the Patriots as propaganda?

The Patriots exaggerated the event in order to gain more support

Causes of the Revolution:24. What laws were passed by Parliament to punish the colonies for the Boston Tea Party?

The Coercive Acts

Causes of the Revolution:25. What did the Americans call these laws? (above)

The Intolerable Acts

Causes of the Revolution:26. What battle is known as the shot heard round the world and why?

Lexington, because the world was curious to see if the Americans could pull it off

Causes of the Revolution:27. Who wrote Common Sense and what did it set out to do?

Thomas Paine

The American Revolution:The American Revolution:28. Describe an American Patriot.

An American who wants to fight for Independence from Britain

The American Revolution:29. Describe an American Loyalist.

An American who wants to remain loyal to England

EnglandThe American Revolution:30. What did Benjamin Franklin mean when he said United we stand or divided we fall?

If the colonies dont fight together, they cant win

The American Revolution:31. Who wrote the Declaration of Independence?

Thomas Jefferson

The American Revolution:32. When was the Declaration of Independence written?

1776

The American Revolution:33. Identify the 4 major parts of the Declaration of Independence.

Why we are revoltingRights of individuals Grievances with EnglandDeclaration of Independence

The American Revolution:34. Who inspired Jefferson to write the following words in the Declaration of Independence?. . . We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal,that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable rights, that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. . . .

John Lock

The American Revolution:35. Why is the Battle of Saratoga known as the turning point of the war?

1st major Colonial victory. Because of the victory, the French decided to help us

Here Come the French!The American Revolution:36. What was the significance of Valley Forge in the winter of 17771778?

The Continental Army received much needed training

The American Revolution:37. Who helped fund the Continental Army when they were running low on supplies?

Haym Saloman

The American Revolution:38. Which battle was the final battle of the American Revolution?

The Battle of Yorktown

The American Revolution:39. What is the name of the British General who surrendered at Yorktown?

Gen. Cornwallis

The American Revolution:40. What was the name of the Treaty that ended the Revolutionary War?

The Treaty of Paris of 1783

The Articles of Confederation:The Articles of Confederation:41. What was the name of the first U.S. Constitution?

The Articles of Confederation

The Articles of Confederation:42. Name five weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation.

couldnt taxNo leaderNo armyNo courts 9/13 needed to pass a law

The Articles of Confederation:43. Explain how a Confederation works.

A loose alliance between states, but the states have most of the power

VirginiaThe Articles of Confederation:44. Why did the creators of the Articles of Confederation make the federal government so weak?

The feared an abusive government like Parliament and King George

The Articles of Confederation:45. What was one thing that the articles did that was successful?

The Northwest Ordinance

The Articles of Confederation:46. What did the Northwest Ordinance do?

It created a pattern for territories to become states

The Constitution:The Constitution:47. Where and when was the Constitutional Convention held?

Philadelphia; 1787

The Constitution:48. Who is known as the father of the Constitution?

James Madison

The Constitution:49. Which English document was created to limit the power of the king and to give some rights to the people? (It was one of the influences on the writers of the Constitution.)

The Magna Carta

The Magna CartaThe Constitution:50. What is a bi-cameral legislature?

A two house legislature; both have to approve all bills before they become law

The House of RepresentativesThe SenateThe Constitution:51. How did the Great Compromise use a bi-cameral legislature to resolve the argument between the small populated states and states with large populations?

In the House of Representatives representation is based on population (big states like)In the Senate/2 reps per state (small states like)The Constitution:52. Identify the 7 major principles that can be found in the Constitution.

limited governmentpopular sovereigntyrepublicanismindividual rightsseparation of powerschecks and balancesfederalism

The Constitution:53. The words We the People. in the Preamble reflect which principle?

Popular sovereignty

The Constitution:54. What would be a good example of republicanism?

People voting

The Constitution:55. The Constitution tells the government what it can and can not do. What principle is reflected by the Constitution?

Limited Powers

The GovernmentThe Constitution:56. Explain federalism.

Sharing of powers between the states and the federal government

The Constitution:57. Give an example of separation of powers.

Governmental Powers:

Executive Branch

Legislative BranchJudicial BranchThe Constitution:58. Give 2 examples of checks and balances.

President vetoes a law Supreme Court declares a law unconstitutional

The Constitution:59. The Bill of Rights is an example of which principle?

Individual rights

The Bill of RightsThe Constitution:60. Which provision was included in the United States Constitution to allow it to adapt to changing times?

A process for adding an amendment2/3 of CongressAnd of StatesThe Constitution:61. Why did George Mason refuse to sign the Constitution the way it was drafted in 1787?

It didnt have a bill of rights

The Constitution:62. How many states were needed to ratify the Constitution?

9 out of 13

The Constitution:63. What was the name of the group that pushed for a strong federal government and passage of the new Constitution with out a bill of rights?

The Federalists

POWERThe Constitution:64. What was the name of the group that feared a strong federal government and insisted that a bill of rights be added to the Constitution to protect the people against possible government abuse?

The Anti-federalists

STATE POWERVirginiaThe Constitution:65. Did the Constitution pass without a bill of rights?

Yes, but 4 states didnt ratify it

The Constitution:66. What did they promise to add to the Constitution in order to get the remaining 4 states to approve the Constitution?

A bill of rights

The Bill of RightsThe Constitution:67. How many amendments are in the Bill of Rights?

ten

The Constitution:68. Identify the rights protected by the 1st amendment. (rapps)

R - religionA - assembly P - petitionP pressS - speech

The Constitution:69. What right is protected by the 2nd amendment?

The right to bear arms

The Constitution:70. The 3rd amendment protects against what?

No quartering of soldiers

No SoldiersThe Constitution:71. The 4th amendment protects against what?

No unreasonable search or seizure

The Constitution:72. Name 2 rights protected by the 5th amendment.

The right to an attorneyThe right to remain silent

The Constitution:73. What right is protected by the 6th amendment?

The right to a speedy, fair trial

The Constitution:74. What right is protected by the 7th amendment?

The right to a jury trial

The Constitution:75. The 8th amendment protects against what?

Cruel or unusual punishment

The Constitution:76. What does the 9th amendment do?

Declares that people have other rights not even mentioned in the Constitution

Other rights?The Constitution:77. What does the 10th amendment do?

Declares that any powers not assigned in the Constitution are reserved to the states

POWERThe Constitution:78. One reason for a census every ten years is to determine a states representation in the House of Representatives. What happens if the population of a state increases in a census?

That state gets more representatives in the House of Representatives

Washingtons Presidency:Washingtons Presidency:79. Name 3 ways that Washington created precedence for future presidents.

2 presidential termspresidential cabinetsno permanent alliances with foreign countries

Washingtons Presidency:80. In Washingtons Farewell address, name 3 things he warned our country to avoid. (no PDA)

no political partiesno debtno permanent alliances

Washingtons Presidency:81. What did President Monroe do to extend Washingtons idea of not making alliances with foreign countries?

The Monroe Doctrine no more colonization in the Americas

Washingtons Presidency:82. Alexander Hamilton served as Washingtons Secretary of Treasury. Why were Jefferson and Madison opposed to Hamiltons financial plans for this country?

They feared it would only benefit the rich and they said much of it was unconstitutional

Adams and Jeffersons Presidencies:Adams and Jeffersons Presidencies:83. What two political parties became more prominent during the Election of 1796?

The Federalist Party and the Republican Party

Adams and Jeffersons Presidencies:84. Who became the second president of the United States and who was the vice president?

2nd PresidentJohn Adams Vice-President Thomas JeffersonAdams and Jeffersons Presidencies:85. What created problems between Adams and Jefferson?

They were from different political parties

Adams and Jeffersons Presidencies:86. Who became the 3rd president after the election of 1800?

Thomas Jefferson

Adams and Jeffersons Presidencies:87. Who did Adams appoint as Chief Justice before Jefferson became the new president?

Chief JusticeJohn Marshall

Adams and Jeffersons Presidencies:88. What was the significance of this new appointment?

Federalists would maintain control of the Judicial Branch for a long time

Adams and Jeffersons Presidencies:89. Who were the Midnight Judges?

A group of Federalist judges appointed in the final hours of Adams Presidency

Adams and Jeffersons Presidencies:90. Who was appointed as a federal judge by Adams, but never received the appointment because Jefferson refused to give it to him?

John Marbury

Adams and Jeffersons Presidencies:91. What was the name of the court case where Marbury sued for his judgeship?

Marbury v. Madison

Adams and Jeffersons Presidencies:92. Although Marbury did not become a federal judge, what power did Marshall say the Supreme Court had over passed laws?

Judicial review the power to decide if laws are constitutional or not

Adams and Jeffersons Presidencies:93. What is the significance of 1803?

The Louisiana Purchase was made between the U.S. and France

1803Adams and Jeffersons Presidencies:94. What was the main reason that Jefferson made the Louisiana Purchase?

Total control of shipping on the Mississippi river

Adams and Jeffersons Presidencies:95. What was the name of the famous expedition sent out to explore the land acquired by the Louisiana Purchase?

Louis and Clark

Adams and Jeffersons Presidencies:96. What was one thing Lewis and Clark hoped to find during their expedition?

A water passage to the Pacific Ocean

President James Madison and the War of 1812:President James Madison and the War of 1812:97. Who was president during the War of 1812?

James Madison

President James Madison and the War of 1812:98. What message did the U.S.s victory in the War of 1812 send to other countries?

It showed that the U.S. could defend itself

President James Madison and the War of 1812:99. Why was it necessary for General Andrew Jackson and his men to protect New Orleans during the War 1812?

To protect the U.S. farmers ability to trade using the Mississippi River

President James Madison and the War of 1812:100. How did the disruption in Atlantic shipping prior to and during the War of 1812 significantly affect the U.S. economy?

Americans became more dependent on their own manufacturing and less dependent on other countries(the beginning of the Industrial Revolution)

Buy American!