self-regulation in development children at risk february 7, 2013 children at risk february 7, 2013...

Self-regulation in DevelopmentSelf-regulation in Development

Children at RiskFebruary 7, 2013

Children at RiskFebruary 7, 2013

Contact: Jennifer Silvers, [email protected]

What is self-regulation?What is self-regulation?What is self-regulation?What is self-regulation?Ability to manage…Ability to manage…

Physiological Physiological arousalarousal

EmotionsEmotions

Attention & EFAttention & EF

RoadmapRoadmapRoadmapRoadmap

• Development of executive Development of executive functionfunction• General General • Sources of variabilitySources of variability

• Development of emotional Development of emotional regulationregulation• GeneralGeneral• Sources of variabilitySources of variability

Executive functionExecutive functionExecutive functionExecutive function• Inhibitory control

• Resisting habits, temptations

• Working memory

• Holding & manipulating information in mind

• Cognitive flexibility

• Ability to adjust to change

Studying EFStudying EFStudying EFStudying EFQuestionnaires

•Parent or teacher

“Does your child have trouble staying on task?”

•Participant

“Do you have trouble staying on task?”

School or other records

•GPA

•Acting out in class

Experiment with observation

•How do they respond to challenge?

Performance on Tasks

•Inhibition

•Working Memory

•Flexibility

2, 5, 7, 8, 3, 6, 4, 1

Early EF DevelopmentEarly EF DevelopmentEarly EF DevelopmentEarly EF Development•6 weeks: Can anticipate events

•8-12 mo: Means-end and searching behavior

•Surge of growth in PFC0 1.5 3

Early EF DevelopmentEarly EF DevelopmentEarly EF DevelopmentEarly EF Development•Abstract rule comprehension

•Symbolic representation and language

•Stable EF and verbal ability differences

0 1.5 3

•6 weeks: Can anticipate events


•Surge of growth in PFC

Early EF DevelopmentEarly EF DevelopmentEarly EF DevelopmentEarly EF Development

•Harsh parenting

•Tools of the Mind

0 1.5 3

•Abstract rule comprehension


•Stable EF and verbal ability differences

•6 weeks: Can anticipate events


•Surge of growth in PFC

•Abstract rule comprehension


Later EF DevelopmentLater EF DevelopmentLater EF DevelopmentLater EF Development

•SES predicts EF and language ability

•Physiological diffs

•Age 6: Achieve adult levels on some tasks

5 10-12 16-18


10-12 16-18

•Age 10: Achieve adult levels on some flexibility and inhibition tasks

•PFC structural changes

5 10-12 16-18•SES predicts EF and language ability




16-18

•Inhibition, WM and processing speed still improving

•“Cold” EF develops faster than “hot” EF

•Significant variability in risky behavior

5 10-12 16-1810-12 16-18

•Age 10: Achieve adult levels on some flexibility and inhibition tasks

•PFC structural changes

•SES predicts EF and language ability



RoadmapRoadmapRoadmapRoadmap

• Development of executive Development of executive functionfunction• General General • Sources of variabilitySources of variability

• Development of emotional Development of emotional regulationregulation• GeneralGeneral• Sources of variabilitySources of variability

Studying Emotion RegulationStudying Emotion RegulationStudying Emotion RegulationStudying Emotion RegulationQuestionnaires

•Parent/teacher/other: “Does your child get angry when told s/he has to go to bed?”

•Participant: “Do you generally keep your emotions to yourself?”

Diary and event-sampling

•Multiple entries

•“How did you handle feeling bad?”

Experiment with observation

•Physio

•fMRI: PFC vs amygdala/striatum

•Attentional deployment, self-distraction

Experiment with self-report

•“Think of yourself as reporter watching things from a distance. Focus on the facts instead of your feelings.”

Early Emotion Regulation Early Emotion Regulation DevelopmentDevelopmentEarly Emotion Regulation Early Emotion Regulation DevelopmentDevelopment

•Physiological regulation

•Social referencing and parent seeking behavior

•Parenting differences including abuse and psychiatric symptomology

•Temperament and expressivity differences

0 1.5 3


•Increased distraction and coping

•Emotional labeling

•Culture and gender

•Lesion studies

0 1.5 3






•Childcare differences•Maternal psychiatric status

•Problem behavior becomes clearer

•Enhanced self-referencing

•More complex emotions

•ToM development

0 1.5 3

•Increased distraction and coping

•Emotional labeling

•Culture and gender

•Lesion studies





Later Emotion Regulation Later Emotion Regulation DevelopmentDevelopment

Later Emotion Regulation Later Emotion Regulation DevelopmentDevelopment

•Parenting style

•ER and social functioning

•Can hide emotions

•Enhanced use of attentional deployment

•Metacognitive awareness of ER improves

5 ~12 ~16

Later Emotion Regulation Later Emotion Regulation DevelopmentDevelopmentLater Emotion Regulation Later Emotion Regulation DevelopmentDevelopment

•Delay ability predicts coping

•Anxiety disorders

•Expressive writing interventions can help

•Changing social environment

•Better EF but also more emotional lability

• Reactivity or regulation?

5 ~12 ~16~12

•Parenting style





5

Later Emotion Regulation Later Emotion Regulation DevelopmentDevelopmentLater Emotion Regulation Later Emotion Regulation DevelopmentDevelopment

5 ~12 ~16

•Substance use increases

•MDD increases

•Greater independence

•Increased use of cognitive regulatory strategies

•Mood stabilizes

•Delay ability predicts coping

•Anxiety disorders

•Expressive writing interventions can help

•Changing social environment

•Better EF but also more emotional lability

•Reactivity or regulation?

~12

•Parenting style





5

self-regulation in development children at risk february 7, 2013 children at risk february 7, 2013...

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