Section 3.1

Matter Study Guide

•Anything that has a mass and a volume

Close up view of atoms and their behavior

Animated images are from http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/

Transitions Between the States of matter

Transitions between states of matter

• The building blocks of Matter• Consists of Protons (+), Electrons (-), and Neutrons (N).

• Consists of only one kind of atom, • Cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter by either physical or chemical means• Can exist as either atoms or molecules (more than 1 atom bonded together)

Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

• A molecule consists of two or more atoms of the same element, or different elements, that are chemically bound together. • In the animation above, two nitrogen atoms (N + N = N2) make one Nitrogen molecule .

Animated images and notes from http://www.chem.purdue.edu/gchelp/atoms/elements.html

• Atoms of two or more different elements bound together.

• Can be separated into elements chemically, but not physically.

In the animation above, water (H20) is a compound made of Hydrogen and Oxygen.

Compounds contain more than one type of atom!Example of organic compound (a compound with carbon atoms):

Example of inorganicc compound (a compound without carbon atoms):

Carbon Dioxide – CO2 (1 atom of carbon and two atoms of Oxygen)

Water – H2O (2 atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen)

+ -

An ion is an atom or group of atoms with a positive or negative charge!!

A particle with a neutral charge has the same number of protons and electrons.

An ion does not have the same number of electrons and protons.

• He+ - A helium atom that is missing one electron. The atom has one more proton than electron, and must have a positive charge.

Examples of ions:

• They are substances held together by physical forces, not chemical.

• Can be separated physically.

• Solutions are types mixtures.

Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

Types of Mixtures:

•Heterogonous:

• The substances are not uniformly mixed.

• Example: Sand in a glass of water.

• Are heterogeneous mixtures consisting of parts that are visible to the naked eye.

Example: the ingredients in salad dressing

• Substances will settle over time.

• Homogonous:

• Uniform Distribution.• Example: Sugar and Water•Solutions are homogonous mixtures made up of groups of molecules mixed in a completely even distributionImages are from

http://www.chem4kids.com

• The substance to be dissolved.

• The one doing the dissolving.

Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

• Particle sizes are in between the size of particles found in solutions and suspensions .

• Can be mixed and remain evenly distributed without settling out.

•Changing from one state to another is a Physical Change.

•If a new substance is formed it is a Chemical Change.

Images are from http://www.chem4kids.com

Physical vs. Chemical ChangesPhysical Clues Chemical Clues

• Change in size• Change in shape• Change in state• Easily reversed

• A color change occurs• A new chemical is formed• It is difficult to reverse• Energy in the form of

light or heat is given off• Bubbles of gas are formed.

A new odor may be noticed.

Station Changes:

•1. Marshmallow melt: melted was physical, burnt is chemical

•2. Rip marshmallow: physical•3. Alka-seltzer: chemical•4. Baking soda and vinegar: chemical•5. Food coloring: physical•6. vinegar and milk: chemical•7. sugar cube: physical

Continued answers

•8. rusty nail: chemical•9. burning candle: both•10. Toast burnt: chemical•11: Baking a cake: chemical•12: cutting paper: physical•13. stretching rubber band: physical•14. Melting ice/boiling water and

evaporating water are all physical