Matter

DefinitionMatter is anything that has mass

and occupies space.

ChemistryThe study of the composition of

matter and the changes that matter undergoes.

Chemistry

Physical

Organic

Biochem

Inorganic

Properties

Intensive:Does not depend

on amount

Extensive:Depends on

amount

Matter

Gas

Liquid

Solid

Solid• Definite shape

and volume

• Particles tightly packed together in an orderly arrangement

• Hard to compress

Liquid

• Lacks definite shape, fixed volume

• Particles move more, flow freely

• Mostly hard to compress

Gas

• Variable shape and volume

• Particles move quickly an freely

• Easily compressed

Why?

Exceptions

Vapor• Gas is commonly used for

substances that are gases at room temperature

• Vapor is a substance that is not a gas at room temperature: ex. water

Plasma• Most common form of

matter in the universe• Collection of free moving

pieces of atoms and compounds

• Ex: Fire, Neon Signs, Lightning, Stars

Precision V. Accuracy

• Accuracy:– How close to the

correct answer you are

• Precision:– How close your

answers are to each other

Physical Change

• A change in which the same substance is present before and after the change.

• Ex: – Pounding– Cutting– Melting– Dissolving in water

Chemical Change

• A change that rearranges the atoms and molecules to produce one or more new substances with new properties

• Ex:– Burning– Fermentation

Physical v. Chemical Properties

Physical Properties• A property that can be

observed without changing the substance

• Extensive and Intensive Properties

Chemical Properties• A property characteristic of

a substance when it is involved in a chemical change

• Ex: Flammability, reactivity and stability

MatterIs it uniform throughout?

• If No:• Heterogeneous Mixture• A mixture that is not

uniform in composition its components

• Ex:– Most foods– Dirt– concrete

• If Yes:• Homogeneous Matter

Homogeneous MatterCan it be separated by physical means?

• If Yes:• Homogeneous Mixture• A mixture that is completely

uniform throughout. If you break up the substance each piece will be the same

• Ex:– Paper– Wood– Plastic

• If no:• Pure substance

Pure SubstanceCan it be decomposed by chemical means?

• If yes:• Compound• A substance of atoms of two

or more elements• Ex:

– Water– Salt

• If no:• Element• One of the 118+ substances

listed on the periodic table of the elements

• Ex:– Sulfur– Magnesium– Carbon

Make A Decision• What

classification do the following fall under?

• Penny• Soda• Cough Syrup• Brass• 24K Gold• Soot• Hydrogen Gas

Try It in Groups

1. Generic Tylenol2. Stuffing in Stuffed

Animals3. Contents of an old

Thermometer 4. Contents of a new

Thermometer5. Flower6. Milk

7. Liquid Soap8. Solid Soap9. Newsprint10. Money11. Steel12. Light

Systems

• Solution– A homogenous

mixture composed of a solute and a solvent

• Solvent– The substance

present in greater quantity

• Solute– The substance

present in lesser quantity

System (solute – solvent)

Examples

Gas - Gas O2 and CO2 in N2 (Air)

Liquid - Gas H2O vapor in Air (Humidity)

Gas - Liquid CO2 in Water (Soda)

Liquid - Liquid CH3COOH in Water (Vinegar)

Solid - Liquid NaCl in H2O (Brine)

Liquid - Solid Cu in Ag (Sterling Silver)