section 24. information and communications

Section 24

Information and Communications

This section presents statistics on thevarious information and communicationsmedia: publishing, including newspapers,periodicals, books, and software; motionpictures, sound recordings, broadcasting,and telecommunications; and informationservices, such as libraries. Statistics oncomputer use and Internet access are alsoincluded. Data on the usage, finances,and operations of the Postal Servicepreviously shown in this section are nowpresented in Section 23, Transportation.

Information industry—The U.S. CensusBureau’s Service Annual Survey, Informa-tion Services Sector, provides estimates ofoperating revenue of taxable firms andrevenues and expenses of firms exemptfrom federal taxes for industries in theinformation sector of the economy. Simi-lar estimates were previously issued inthe Annual Survey of CommunicationsServices. Data for 1998 and 1999 arebased on the North American Classifica-tion System (NAICS) and the informationsector is a newly created economic sector.It comprises establishments engaged inthe following processes: (a) producingand distributing information and culturalproducts, (b) providing the means totransmit or distribute these products aswell as data or communications, and (c)processing data. It includes establish-ments previously classified in the Stand-ard Industrial Classification (SIC) in manu-facturing (publishing); transportation,communications, and utilities (telecom-munications and broadcasting); and ser-vices (software publishing, motion pictureproduction, data processing, online infor-mation services, and libraries).

This new sector is comprised of industrieswhich existed previously, were revisedfrom previous industry definitions, or arecompletely new industries. Among thosewhich existed previously are newspaperpublishers, motion picture and video pro-duction, and online information services.

Revised industries include book publish-ers and libraries and archives. Newly cre-ated industries include database anddirectory publishers, record production,music publishers, sound recording stu-dios, cable networks, wired telecommuni-cations carriers, paging, and satellite tele-communications. The following URLcontains detailed information aboutNAICS and provides a comparison of theSIC and NAICS <http://www.census.gov/epcd/www/naics.html>. See also the textin Section 15, Business Enterprise.

The 1997 Economic Census was the firsteconomic census to cover the new infor-mation sector of the economy. The cen-sus, conducted every 5-years, for theyears ending ‘‘2’’ and ‘‘7,’’ provides infor-mation on the number of establishments,receipts, payroll, and paid employees forthe United States and various geographiclevels.

The Federal Communications Commission(FCC), established in 1934, regulates wireand radio communications. Only the larg-est carriers and holding companies fileannual financial reports which are publi-cally available. The FCC has jurisdictionover interstate and foreign communica-tion services but not over intrastate orlocal services. The gross operating rev-enues of the telephone carriers reportingpublically available data annually to theFCC, however, are estimated to coverabout 90 percent of the revenues of allU.S. telephone companies. Data are notcomparable with Census Bureau AnnualSurvey because of coverage and differentaccounting practices for those telephonecompanies which report to the FCC.

Reports filed by the broadcasting industrycover all radio and television stationsoperating in the United States. The privateradio services represent the largest andmost diverse group of licensees regulatedby the FCC. These services provide voice,data communications, point-to-point, andpoint-to-multipoint radio communications

Information and Communications 699

U.S. Census Bureau, Statistical Abstract of the United States: 2001

for fixed and mobile communicators.Major users of these services are smallbusinesses, the aviation industry, themaritime trades, the land transportationindustry, the manufacturing industry,state and local public safety and govern-mental authorities, emergency medicalservice providers, amateur radio opera-tors, and personal radio operations (CBand the General Mobile Radio Service).The FCC also licenses entities as privateand common carriers. Private and com-mon carriers provide fixed and landmobile communications service on a for-profit basis. Principal sources of wire,radio, and television data are the FCC’sAnnual Report and its annual Statistics ofCommunications Common Carriers.

Statistics on publishing are available fromthe Census Bureau, as well as from vari-ous private agencies. Editor & PublisherCo., New York, NY, presents annual dataon the number and circulation of daily

and Sunday newspapers in its Interna-tional Year Book. Data on book productionand prices are available from R.R. Bowker,Co., New Providence, NJ. The Book Indus-try Study Group, New York, NY, collectsdata on books sold, domestic consumerexpenditures, and book purchasing. Dataon academic and public libraries are col-lected by the U.S. National Center for Edu-cation Statistics. Public library data arealso gathered by R.R. Bowker, New York,NY, and the National Commission onLibraries and Information Science, Wash-ington, DC.

Advertising—Data on advertising previ-ously shown in this section are now pre-sented in Section 27, Accommodation,Food Services, and Other Services.

Statistical reliability—For a discussionof statistical collection and estimation,sampling procedures, and measures ofstatistical reliability applicable to CensusBureau data, see Appendix III.

700 Information and Communications


No. 1119. Information Industries—Establishments, Receipts, Payroll,and Employees by Kind of Business (NAICS Basis): 1997

[623,214 represents $623,214,000,000. For establishments with payroll. Based on the 1997 Economic Census; seeAppendix III]

Industry NAICScode 1 Estab-

lish-ments

(number)

Receipts Annual payroll Paidemployee

for payperiod

includingMarch 12

(1,000)Total

(mil. dol.)

Perpaid

employee(dol.)

Total(mil. dol.)

Perpaid

employee(dol.)

Information industries . . . . . . . . . . 51 114,475 623,214 203,255 129,482 42,229 3,066.2Publishing industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 33,896 179,035 177,930 43,358 43,090 1,006.2

Newspaper, periodical, book, & databasepublishers 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5111 21,806 117,336 158,598 24,971 33,753 739.8

Newspaper publishers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 51111 8,758 41,601 103,137 11,789 29,228 403.4Periodical publishers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51112 6,298 29,885 217,265 5,993 43,571 137.6Book publishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51113 2,684 22,648 251,933 3,643 40,522 89.9Database & directory publishers . . . . . . 51114 1,458 12,258 284,312 1,655 38,384 43.1

Software publishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5112 12,090 61,699 231,622 18,387 69,025 266.4

Motion picture & sound recording industries. . 512 22,204 55,926 202,643 9,392 34,032 276.0Motion picture & video industries . . . . . . . 5121 19,269 44,786 175,998 8,280 32,540 254.5Sound recording industries . . . . . . . . . . . 5122 2,935 11,140 517,797 1,112 51,671 21.5

Broadcasting & telecommunications . . . . . . . 513 43,480 346,316 241,427 63,480 44,253 1,434.5Radio & television broadcasting . . . . . . . . 5131 8,789 40,425 161,885 9,869 39,521 249.7

Radio broadcasting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51311 6,894 10,648 84,060 3,604 28,455 126.7Television broadcasting . . . . . . . . . . . . 51312 1,895 29,777 242,007 6,264 50,913 123.0

Cable networks & program distribution . . . 5132 4,679 45,390 260,334 6,151 35,280 174.4Telecommunications 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5133 30,012 260,501 257,822 47,460 46,972 1,010.4

Wired telecommunications carriers . . . . 51331 20,815 208,791 256,051 39,565 48,520 815.4Wireless telecommunications carriers(except satellite) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51332 6,386 37,889 258,977 5,839 39,913 146.3

Information services & data processingservices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514 14,895 41,937 119,986 13,252 37,915 349.5Information services 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5141 7,307 11,101 127,202 3,478 39,854 87.3

Libraries & archives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51412 2,298 861 39,055 373 16,928 22.0Other information services . . . . . . . . . . 51419 4,482 8,837 158,544 2,639 47,351 55.7

Online information services. . . . . . . . 514191 4,165 8,043 161,061 2,356 47,181 49.9Data processing services . . . . . . . . . . . . 5142 7,588 30,837 117,585 9,774 37,269 262.3

1 North American Industry Classification System, 1997; see text, this section, and Section 15, Business Enterprise.2 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 1997 Economic Census, Information, Series EC97551A-US, issued October 1999.

No. 1120. Information Sector Services—Estimated Revenue: 1998 and 1999

[In millions of dollars (695,153 represents $695,153,000,000), except percent. For taxable and tax-exempt employer andnonemployer firms. Except as indicated, estimates adjusted to the results of the 1997 Economic Census]

Industry NAICScode 1

1998 1999

Percentchange,1998-99

Information industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 695,153 775,622 11.6Publishing industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 203,773 221,543 8.7

Newspaper, periodical, book, database, and other publishers 2 . . . . 5111 131,228 140,064 6.7Newspaper publishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51111 45,691 48,594 6.4Periodical publishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51112 36,865 39,279 6.5Book publishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51113 22,706 24,373 7.3Database and directory publishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51114 14,321 15,523 8.4

Software publishers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5112 72,546 81,478 12.3

Motion picture and sound recording industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512 60,684 65,196 7.4Motion picture and video . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5121 49,558 52,920 6.8Sound recording 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5122 11,126 12,275 10.3

Broadcasting and telecommunications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513 382,293 426,836 11.7Radio and television broadcasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5131 44,092 47,630 8.0

Radio broadcasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51311 11,765 13,236 12.5Television broadcasting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51312 32,327 34,394 6.4

Cable networks and program distribution 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5132 52,320 59,951 14.6Telecommunications 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5133 285,880 319,255 11.7

Wired telecommunications carriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51331 228,151 247,836 8.6Wireless telecommunications carriers (except satellite) 2. . . . . . . 51332 42,637 53,822 26.2

Information services and data processing services . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514 48,404 62,047 28.2Information services 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5141 15,151 24,136 59.3

Libraries and archives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51412 1,037 1,106 6.6Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51419 12,476 21,148 69.5

Online information services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514191 11,446 18,932 65.4Data processing services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5142 33,252 37,911 14.0

1 Based in the North American Industry Classification System; see text, this section, and Section 15, Business Enterprise.2 Estimates not adjusted to the 1997 Economic Census. 3 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 1999 Service Annual Survey, Information Sector Services.



No. 1121. Information Industries—Establishments, Payroll, and Employees:1998 and 1999

[3,142.0 represents 3,142,000. For establishments with payroll. Excludes most government employees, railroad employees andself-employed persons]

Industry NAICScode 1

Establishments Paid employees 2

(1,000)Annual payroll

(mil. dol.)

1998 1999 1998 1999 1998 1999

Information industries . . . . . . . . . . 51 120,552 126,510 3,142.0 3,234.5 146,822 170,282

Publishing industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511 33,412 32,377 1,011.1 1,004.7 49,764 54,516Newspaper, periodical, book, & databasepublishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5111 21,723 21,245 727.9 700.0 26,148 26,821

Newspaper publishers. . . . . . . . . . . . . 51111 8,686 8,625 401.4 393.5 12,245 12,740Periodical publishers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51112 6,244 5,984 131.9 126.8 6,248 6,412Book publishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51113 2,682 2,646 90.5 81.4 3,781 3,767Database & directory publishers . . . . . . 51114 1,276 970 38.0 31.7 1,643 1,455

Other publishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51119 2,835 3,020 66.1 66.6 2,232 2,446Greeting card publishers . . . . . . . . . 511191 107 108 19.8 18.2 669 627All other publishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 511199 2,728 2,912 46.4 48.5 1,562 1,820

Software publishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5112 11,689 11,132 283.2 304.7 23,615 27,696

Motion picture & sound recording industries. . 512 23,155 23,102 281.7 293.4 10,137 10,531Motion picture & video industries . . . . . . . 5121 20,049 19,889 255.2 270.2 8,429 9,175

Motion picture & video production . . . . . 51211 9,691 9,796 63.3 72.5 4,742 5,301Motion picture & video distribution . . . . . 51212 711 706 26.9 27.7 889 1,058Motion picture & video exhibition. . . . . . 51213 6,279 6,197 132.4 137.1 1,084 1,134

Motion picture theaters (exceptdrive-ins) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512131 5,961 5,885 130.5 135.2 1,061 1,111

Drive-in motion picture theaters . . . . . 512132 318 312 1.9 1.9 23 22Post production & other motion picture &video industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51219 3,368 3,190 32.6 32.9 1,714 1,682Teleproduction & other postproductionservices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512191 2,990 2,851 28.3 28.5 1,490 1,468

Other motion picture & videoindustries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 512199 378 339 4.3 4.4 224 214

Sound recording industries . . . . . . . . . . . 5122 3,106 3,213 26.5 23.2 1,708 1,356Record production . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51221 278 274 1.1 1.0 49 53Integrated record production/distribution . 51222 289 289 7.0 6.7 676 677Music publishers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51223 718 701 5.2 5.2 232 252Sound recording studios . . . . . . . . . . . 51224 1,419 1,553 10.7 7.3 649 267Other sound recording industries. . . . . . 51229 402 396 2.5 3.0 102 108

Broadcasting & telecommunications . . . . . . . 513 47,217 50,852 1,462.7 1,504.2 69,681 76,011Radio & television broadcasting . . . . . . . . 5131 8,515 8,546 243.0 250.3 10,281 11,364

Radio broadcasting. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51311 6,570 6,537 114.3 123.5 3,627 4,541Radio networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513111 320 339 6.4 8.6 255 454Radio stations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513112 6,250 6,198 107.9 114.8 3,372 4,087

Television broadcasting . . . . . . . . . . . . 51312 1,945 2,009 128.7 126.8 6,654 6,824Cable networks & program distribution . . . 5132 4,954 5,364 178.7 182.1 7,271 8,060

Cable networks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51321 752 755 32.5 33.2 1,903 2,057Cable & other program distribution . . . . 51322 4,202 4,609 146.2 148.9 5,368 6,002

Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5133 33,748 36,942 1,041.0 1,071.9 52,128 56,586Wired telecommunications carriers . . . . 51331 22,270 23,461 818.2 815.7 42,099 44,614Wireless telecommunications carriers(except satellite) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51332 7,860 9,263 162.4 186.0 7,101 8,102Paging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 513321 3,943 4,099 70.0 71.2 2,727 3,059Cellular & other wirelesstelecommunications . . . . . . . . . . . . 513322 3,917 5,164 92.4 114.8 4,374 5,043

Telecommunications resellers . . . . . . . . 51333 2,081 2,208 41.2 43.6 1,698 2,167Satellite telecommunications . . . . . . . . 51334 677 791 11.8 17.6 782 1,235Other telecommunications . . . . . . . . . . 51339 860 1,219 7.3 8.9 448 469

Information services & data processingservices. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 514 16,768 20,179 386.5 432.2 17,241 29,224Information services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5141 8,471 11,265 119.0 149.2 6,550 16,473

News syndicates . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51411 516 564 9.9 11.4 522 612Libraries & archives . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51412 2,320 2,590 24.1 31.0 416 566Other information services . . . . . . . . . . 51419 5,635 8,111 84.9 106.8 5,612 15,295

Online information services. . . . . . . . 514191 5,277 7,714 78.8 98.9 5,005 12,816All other information services . . . . . . 514199 358 397 6.2 8.0 607 2,479

Data processing services . . . . . . . . . . . . 5142 8,297 8,914 267.5 283.0 10,691 12,751

1 North American Industry Classification System code; see text, this section, and Section 15, Business Enterprise. 2 Foremployees on the payroll for the pay period including March 12.

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, County Business Patterns, annual.



No. 1122. Gross Domestic Income in Information Technologies (IT) Industries:1992 to 2000

[In millions of dollars (371,080 represents $371,080,000,000), except as noted]

Industry 1987SIC 1 code 1992 1995

1998est.

1999est.

2000est.

Total all IT industries . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 371,080 491,292 665,530 746,092 814,727Percent share of the economy . . . . . . . (X) 5.9 6.7 7.6 8.0 8.3

Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 110,050 155,409 210,914 226,214 243,506Computers and equipment, calc. machines . . 3571,2,5,7pt, 3578,9pt 24,102 31,036 39,211 42,622 46,330Computers and equipment wholesale sales . . 5045pt 39,743 51,114 75,084 81,106 88,162Computers and equipment retail sales . . . . . 5734pt 1,915 2,861 3,407 3,687 4,008Electron tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3671 1,053 1,206 1,317 1,402 1,493Printed circuit boards. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3672 3,556 4,406 5,527 5,604 5,683Semiconductors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3674 18,308 40,836 57,055 60,763 64,713Passive electronic components . . . . . . . . . . 3675,6,7,8,9pt, 3661pt 13,494 15,310 12,072 12,881 13,744Industrial instruments for measurement . . . . . 3823 2,552 2,526 4,874 5,215 5,580Instruments for measuring electricity. . . . . . . 3825pt 3,493 3,981 8,383 8,953 9,562Laboratory analytical instruments . . . . . . . . . 3826 1,835 2,134 3,986 3,982 4,233

Software/services 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 75,490 111,350 185,609 213,986 245,644Computer programming services . . . . . . . . . 7371 18,624 26,120 47,796 55,013 62,715Prepackaged software . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7372 14,555 22,768 34,497 40,016 46,419Computer integrated systems design . . . . . . 7373 11,814 13,599 24,692 28,420 32,598Computer processing and data preparation . . 7374 12,554 21,844 28,062 32,300 37,048Information retrieval services. . . . . . . . . . . . 7375 2,879 3,910 8,977 10,333 11,852Computer services management . . . . . . . . . 7376 1,910 2,090 2,942 3,386 3,884Computer rental leasing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7377 1,528 1,880 2,944 3,389 3,887Computer maintenance and repair . . . . . . . . 7378 4,989 6,949 10,029 11,544 13,241Computer related services, n.e.c. 3. . . . . . . . 7379 4,406 9,305 21,261 24,472 28,069

Communications hardware 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 23,970 30,775 46,710 49,151 51,816Telephone and telegraph equipment . . . . . . . 3661pt, 3577pt, 3679pt 10,251 12,139 21,807 22,592 23,405Radio and TV and communications equip . . . 3663, 3679pt, 3699 10,134 14,310 20,642 22,252 23,987

Communications services 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 161,570 193,758 222,298 256,740 273,761Telephone and telegraph communications . . . 481, 2, 9 129,960 145,491 159,712 189,400 199,109Television broadcasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4833 11,649 18,442 22,740 23,520 26,551Cable and other pay TV services . . . . . . . . . 4841 14,992 21,778 29,798 32,266 35,231

X Not applicable. 1 1987 Standard Industrial Classification code. See text, Section 15, Business Enterprise. 2 Includesother industries, not shown separately. 3 N.e.c. means not elsewhere classified.

No. 1123. Information Technologies (IT)—Employment and Wages:1992 to 1998

[89,956 represents 89,956,000]

Industry1987SIC 1

code

Employment(1,000)

Annual wages per worker(dol.)

1992 1995 1998 1992 1995 1998

Total private . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 89,956 97,885 106,007 25,400 27,200 31,400Total IT-producing industries . . . . . . . . (X) 3,875 4,240 5,156 41,300 46,400 58,000

Hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 1,436 1,475 1,708 42,400 46,300 58,000Electronic computers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3571 242 190 200 52,400 59,600 83,900Computers and equipment wholesalers . . 5045pt 277 285 367 52,500 54,300 69,700Computers and equipment retailers . . . . . 5734pt 75 94 126 32,200 33,800 40,400Computer storage devices & peripheralequipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3572,7 91 105 119 41,200 46,500 57,400

Computer terminals, office & accounting,machines, & office machines, n.e.c. 2 . . . 3575,8,9 58 58 61 43,300 46,600 56,900

Electron tubes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3671 27 24 20 38,400 41,900 46,400Semiconductors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3674 217 235 284 44,500 53,800 64,400Printed circuit boards, electroniccapacitors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3672,5-8 157 187 208 25,700 28,300 32,900

Electronic components, n.e.c. 2. . . . . . . . 3679 127 135 148 29,700 32,900 37,500Industrial instruments for measurement . . 3823 61 64 67 35,100 38,400 46,400Instruments for measuring electricity . . . . 3825 76 71 77 42,500 51,600 62,900Analytical instruments . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3826 28 28 32 38,700 44,200 54,300

Software/services 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 854 1,110 1,625 44,300 50,700 65,300Computer programming services. . . . . . . 7371 169 245 370 46,200 52,700 64,700Prepackaged software. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7372 131 181 252 57,000 63,700 94,100Computer integrated systems design . . . . 7373 103 130 178 48,600 54,700 65,400Computer processing & data preparation . 7374 204 223 254 34,400 39,700 45,800Information retrieval services . . . . . . . . . 7375 45 57 98 36,700 42,200 63,700Computer maintenance & repair . . . . . . . 7378 43 49 60 36,600 37,800 41,200Computer services management, rental& leasing, & maintenance & repair. . . . . 7376,7,9 141 205 387 46,000 51,800 64,100

Communications equipment 3 . . . . . . . . . . (X) 317 337 353 38,900 43,200 53,700Telephone and telegraph equipment . . . . 3661 110 112 126 42,400 49,900 62,400Radio and TV communications equipment& communications equipment, n.e.c. 2 . . 3663,9 129 153 156 39,100 42,700 52,100

Communication services 3. . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 1,269 1,318 1,469 38,600 43,700 50,900Telephone communications . . . . . . . . . . 481 885 900 1,007 41,400 46,800 53,700Telephone & telegraph communications . . 482,489 26 27 35 41,700 48,500 56,200Television broadcasting . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4833 115 123 131 41,400 47,200 54,600Cable & other pay TV services . . . . . . . . 4841 131 156 181 29,600 34,600 42,200

X Not applicable. 1 1987 Standard Industrial Classification code. See text, Section 15, Business Enterprise. 2 N.e.c.means not elsewhere classified. 3 Includes other industries, not shown separately.

Source of Tables 1122 and 1123: U.S. Department of Commerce, Economics and Statistics Administration, The DigitalEconomy, June 2000.



No. 1124. Communications Industry—Finances: 1995 to 1999

[The complete publication including this copyright table is available from the U.S. Government Printing Office and the NationalTechnical Information Service]

No. 1125. Media Usage and Consumer Spending: 1995 to 2004




No. 1126. Utilization of Selected Media: 1970 to 1999

[62.0 represents 62,000,000]

Item Unit 1970 1980 1985 1990 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

Households with—Telephone service 1. . . . . . . . . Percent . 87.0 93.0 91.8 93.3 93.9 93.9 93.8 93.9 94.1 94.2Radio 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Millions . 62.0 78.6 87.1 94.4 98.0 98.0 98.0 98.0 (NA) (NA)

Percent of total households . . Percent . 98.6 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 (NA)Average number of sets . . . . Number . 5.1 5.5 5.5 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 5.6 (NA)

Television 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Millions . 59 76 85 92 94 95 96 97 98 99Percent of total households . . Percent . 95.3 97.9 98.1 98.2 98.3 98.3 98.3 98.4 98.3 98.2Television sets in homes . . . . Millions . 81 128 155 193 211 217 223 229 235 240Average number of sets perhome. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number . 1.4 1.7 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.3 2.4 2.4 2.4

Color set households . . . . . . Millions . 21 63 78 90 93 94 95 97 98 99Cable television 4 . . . . . . . . . . Millions . 4 15 36 52 59 60 63 64 66 67

Percent of TV households . . . Percent . 6.7 19.9 42.8 56.4 62.4 63.4 65.3 66.5 67.2 67.5VCRs 4 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Millions . (NA) 1 18 63 74 77 79 82 83 84

Percent of TV households . . . Percent . (NA) 1.1 20.8 68.6 79.0 81.0 82.2 84.2 84.6 84.6

Commercial radio stations: 2

AM. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number . 4,323 4,589 54,718 4,987 4,913 4,150 4,857 4,762 4,793 4,783FM . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number . 2,196 3,282 53,875 4,392 5,109 5,730 5,419 5,542 5,662 5,766

Television stations: 6 Total . . . . . . Number . 862 1,011 1,197 1,442 1,512 1,532 1,533 1,574 1,572 1,585Commercial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number . 677 734 883 1,092 1,145 1,161 1,174 1,205 1,204 1,216

VHF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number . 501 516 520 547 561 562 554 560 562 561UHF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number . 176 218 363 545 584 599 620 645 642 682

Cable television:Systems 7 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number . 2,490 4,225 6,844 9,575 11,214 11,218 11,119 10,950 10,845 10,700Households served 8 . . . . . . . . Millions . 4.5 17.7 39.9 54.9 60.5 63.0 64.6 65.9 67.4 68.0

Daily newspaper circulation 9 . . . . Millions . 62.1 62.2 62.8 62.3 59.3 58.2 57.0 56.7 56.2 56.0

NA Not available. 1 For occupied housing units. 1970 and 1980 as of April 1; all other years as of March. Source: U.S.Census Bureau, 1970 and 1980 Census of Housing, Vol. 1; thereafter Federal Communications Commission, Trends in TelephoneService, annual. 2 1980-1995 as of December 31, except as noted. Source: M Street Corp. as reported by Radio AdvertisingBureau New York, NY, through 1990, Radio Facts, annual, (copyright); beginning 1994, Radio Marketing Guide and Fact Book forAdvertisers, annual, (copyright). Number of stations on the air compiled from Federal Communications Commission reports.Beginning 1996, Federal Communications Commission, unpublished data as of Sept. 30. 3 1970, as of September of prior year;all other years as of January of year shown. Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. Source: Television Bureau of Advertising, Inc., Trendsin Television, annual (copyright). 4 As of February. Excludes Alaska and Hawaii. Source: See footnote 3. 5 As of February1986. 6 As of January 1. Source: See footnote 3. 7 As of January 1. Source: Warren Publishing, Washington DC, Televisionand Cable Factbook (copyright). 8 Source: Nielsen Media Research, New Your, NY, Nielsen Station Index, November diaryestimates (copyright). 9 As of September 30. Source: Editor & Publisher, Co., New York, NY, Editor & Publisher International YearBook, annual (copyright).

Source: Compiled from sources mentioned in footnotes.

No. 1127. Multimedia Audiences—Summary: 2000

[In percent, except total (199,438 represents 199,438,000). As of spring. For persons 18 years old and over. Represents thepercent of persons participating during the prior week, except as indicated. Based on sample and subject to sampling error; seesource for details]

ItemTotal

population(1,000)

Televisionviewing

Televisionprime time

viewingCable

viewing 1Radio

listeningNewspaper

readingAccessedInternet 2

Total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 199,438 93.5 82.1 71.3 84.0 79.3 45.4

18 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . 25,691 92.2 73.8 68.6 90.6 73.3 58.725 to 34 years old . . . . . . . . . . 39,066 92.4 81.3 71.1 90.6 77.0 53.335 to 44 years old . . . . . . . . . . 44,791 92.4 81.1 71.9 89.7 80.5 53.845 to 54 years old . . . . . . . . . . 34,774 93.7 83.5 74.7 87.5 83.5 54.855 to 64 years old . . . . . . . . . . 22,711 94.7 85.6 76.4 80.8 82.4 35.165 years old and over . . . . . . . 32,404 96.5 86.7 65.4 61.1 78.1 10.7

Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95,691 94.3 82.3 72.0 85.3 79.3 47.1Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103,747 92.8 81.8 70.6 82.8 79.2 43.8

White . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167,002 93.4 82.0 72.6 84.4 80.0 46.8Black . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,628 95.9 84.9 67.3 84.1 77.3 33.1Asian . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,507 92.2 77.4 49.8 74.6 68.3 53.5Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,301 88.3 74.4 68.2 78.1 72.0 46.4Spanish speaking . . . . . . . . . . 21,359 93.5 81.6 55.9 84.6 66.3 34.1

Not high school graduate . . . . . 35,260 94.8 82.7 56.6 73.0 60.0 11.6High school graduate . . . . . . . . 66,360 94.5 84.6 71.8 82.7 78.8 31.0Attended college . . . . . . . . . . . 52,878 93.6 80.6 76.2 89.3 83.7 59.5College graduate. . . . . . . . . . . 44,940 91.1 79.4 76.1 88.1 89.7 76.5

Employed:Full time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 113,259 92.7 81.0 74.6 91.1 82.0 56.8Part time . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,176 92.2 78.7 70.9 89.2 82.1 55.1

Not employed . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69,003 95.3 84.6 65.9 71.0 74.1 24.2

Household income:Less than $10,000 . . . . . . . . 14,292 93.6 81.6 47.7 68.0 58.7 14.6$10,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . . 24,406 95.3 84.2 55.8 71.2 68.6 14.2$20,000 to $29,999 . . . . . . . 25,327 94.8 84.3 63.8 78.7 73.9 24.5$30,000 to $39,999 . . . . . . . 24,055 94.0 82.2 70.4 84.7 77.2 37.5$40,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . 21,816 92.8 82.6 73.9 86.4 79.5 44.1$50,000 or more . . . . . . . . . 89,542 92.7 80.7 80.9 90.7 87.5 67.1

1 In the past 7 days. 2 In the last 30 days.

Source: Mediamark Research Inc., New York, NY, Multimedia Audiences, spring 2000 (copyright).



No. 1128. Newspapers and Periodicals—Number by Type: 1980 to 2000

[Data refer to year of compilation of the directory cited as the source, i.e., generally to year preceding year shown. Data for 1995and prior years include Canada and Mexico]

Type 1980 1985 1990 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Newspapers 1 . . 9,620 9,134 11,471 12,513 12,246 10,466 10,042 10,504 10,530 10,696Semiweekly. . . . . . . 537 517 579 661 705 612 558 557 560 558Weekly . . . . . . . . . . 7,159 6,811 8,420 9,067 9,011 7,655 7,191 7,267 7,471 7,594Daily . . . . . . . . . . . 1,744 1,701 1,788 1,831 1,710 1,537 1,582 1,461 1,647 1,661

Periodicals 1 . . . 10,236 11,090 11,092 12,136 11,179 9,843 8,530 12,448 11,751 13,019Weekly . . . . . . . . . . 1,716 1,367 553 487 513 442 350 382 366 402Semimonthly 2 . . . . . 645 801 435 209 216 307 139 262 123 149Monthly . . . . . . . . . 3,985 4,088 4,239 4,494 4,067 3,554 3,067 3,378 3,204 3,572Bimonthly . . . . . . . . 1,114 1,361 2,087 2,475 2,568 2,216 1,943 2,184 2,034 2,294Quarterly . . . . . . . . 1,444 1,759 2,758 3,370 3,621 3,280 2,893 3,386 3,158 3,578

1 Includes other items not shown separately. 2 Includes fortnightly (every 2 weeks).

Source: Gale Group, Farmington Hills, MI, Gale Directory of Publications and Broadcast Media, annual (copyright).

No. 1129. Newspaper, Periodical, Database, and Directory Publishers—Estimated Revenue, Printing Expenses, and Inventories:1998 and 1999

[In millions of dollars (45,521 represents $45,521,000,000), except percent. For taxable and tax-exempt employer firms.Estimates have not been adjusted to the results of the 1997 Economic Census. Based on the North American IndustryClassification System; see text, Section 15, Business Enterprise. Minus sign (-) indicates decrease]

Item

Newspaper publishers(NAICS 51111)

Periodical publishers(NAICS 51112)

Database and directorypublishers (NAICS 51114)

1998 1999

Percentchange,1998-99 1998 1999



Revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,521 48,414 6.4 36,443 38,826 6.5 14,239 15,433 8.4Single copy and subscription sales,total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,592 8,818 2.6 14,907 15,670 5.1 1,274 1,409 10.6Print . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,561 8,760 2.3 14,190 14,700 3.6 631 605 -4.1Electronic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S) 718 969 35.1 643 804 25.0

Advertising sales, total . . . . . . . . . . . 32,843 35,513 8.1 16,690 17,989 7.8 9,889 10,679 8.0Print . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,740 35,376 8.1 16,515 17,766 7.6 9,850 10,590 7.5Electronic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103 136 32.6 176 223 27.0 39 89 127.6

Contract printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,680 1,765 5.1 1,148 1,140 -0.7 127 143 12.7Other revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,407 2,318 -3.7 3,698 4,028 8.9 2,950 3,202 8.6

Expenses: Purchased printing . . . . . . 3,245 3,427 5.6 4,208 4,287 1.9 1,182 1,198 1.3

Inventories at end of year. . . . . . . . . 740 737 -0.4 1,199 1,258 4.8 227 408 80.1Finished goods and work-in-process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38 43 14.1 801 877 9.4 206 383 86.1

Materials, supplies, fuel, etc . . . . . 702 694 -1.1 398 381 -4.4 (S) (S) (S)

S Data do not meet publication standards.


No. 1130. Daily and Sunday Newspapers—Number and Circulation:1970 to 2000

[62.1 represents 62,100,000. Number of newspapers as of February 1 the following year. Circulation figures as ofSeptember 30 of year shown. For English language newspapers only]

Type 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

NUMBER

Daily: Total 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,748 1,756 1,745 1,676 1,611 1,548 1,533 1,520 1,509 1,489 1,483 1,480Morning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 334 339 387 482 559 635 656 686 705 721 736 766Evening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,429 1,436 1,388 1,220 1,084 935 891 846 816 781 760 727

Sunday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 586 639 736 798 863 886 888 890 903 898 905 917

CIRCULATION (mil.)

Daily: Total 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.1 60.7 62.2 62.8 62.3 59.3 58.2 57.0 56.7 56.2 56.0 55.8Morning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.9 25.5 29.4 36.4 41.3 43.4 44.3 44.8 45.4 45.6 46.0 46.8Evening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.2 35.2 32.8 26.4 21.0 15.9 13.9 12.2 11.3 10.5 10.0 9.0

Sunday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49.2 51.1 54.7 58.8 62.6 62.3 61.5 60.8 60.5 60.1 59.9 59.4

PER CAPITA CIRCULATION 2

Daily: Total 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.30 0.28 0.27 0.26 0.25 0.23 0.22 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.21 0.20Morning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.13 0.12 0.13 0.15 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17 0.17Evening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.18 0.16 0.14 0.11 0.08 0.06 0.05 0.05 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.03

Sunday . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.24 0.24 0.24 0.25 0.25 0.24 0.23 0.23 0.23 0.22 0.22 0.22

1 All-day newspapers are counted in both morning and evening columns but only once in total. Circulation is divided equallybetween morning and evening. 2 Based on U.S. Census Bureau estimated resident population as of July 1.

Source: Editor & Publisher Co., New York, NY, Editor & Publisher International Year Book, annual (copyright).



No. 1131. Daily Newspapers—Number and Circulation by Size of City:1980 to 2000

[29,413 represents 29,413,000. Number of newspapers as of February 1 the following year. Circulation as of September30. For English language newspapers only. See Table 32 for number of cities by population size. All-day newspapers are countedin both morning and evening columns; circulation is divided equally between morning and evening]

Type of daily andpopulation-size class

Number Net paid circulation (1,000)

1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

Morning dailies, total . . 387 482 559 656 766 29,413 36,361 41,311 44,310 46,772In cities of—

1,000,001 or more . . . . . . 20 22 18 25 26 8,795 9,367 6,508 10,173 10,820500,001 to 1,000,000. . . . . 27 24 22 22 25 5,705 6,897 4,804 5,587 5,412100,001 to 500,000 . . . . . . 99 121 138 153 163 8,996 12,197 20,051 17,214 17,46950,001 to 100,000. . . . . . . 75 87 100 138 162 2,973 3,653 4,373 5,602 5,88725,001 to 50,000 . . . . . . . 64 83 102 115 141 1,701 2,145 3,209 3,150 3,899Less than 25,000 . . . . . . . 102 145 179 203 249 1,243 2,099 2,365 2,584 3,285

Evening dailies, total . . 1,388 1,220 1,084 891 727 32,788 26,407 21,017 13,883 9,000In cities of—

1,000,001 or more . . . . . . 11 8 7 3 1 2,984 2,169 1,423 390 1500,001 to 1,000,000. . . . . 23 14 12 7 3 4,101 1,626 1,350 1,017 519100,001 to 500,000 . . . . . . 123 102 71 45 32 8,178 6,987 4,687 2,529 1,60350,001 to 100,000. . . . . . . 156 127 94 72 54 4,896 3,942 2,941 2,029 1,33225,001 to 50,000 . . . . . . . 246 229 204 158 124 5,106 4,606 4,278 2,819 1,898Less than 25,000 . . . . . . . 829 740 696 606 513 7,523 7,075 6,338 5,099 3,648


No. 1132. Daily and Sunday Newspapers—Number and Circulationby State: 2000

[55,773 represents 55,773,000. Number of newspapers as of February 1 the following year. Circulation as of September30. For English language newspapers only. New York, Massachusetts, and Virginia Sunday newspapers include nationalcirculation]

State

Daily Sunday

Number

Circulation 1

Number

Netpaid

circula-tion 1

(1,000)Net paid

(1,000)Per

capita 2

U.S. . . . 1,480 55,773 0.20 917 59,421AL . . . . . . 24 658 0.15 20 739AK . . . . . . 7 107 0.17 5 125AZ . . . . . . 16 778 0.15 11 892AR . . . . . . 30 472 0.18 16 525CA . . . . . . 92 6,175 0.18 61 6,250CO. . . . . . 29 1,267 0.29 16 1,510CT . . . . . . 17 727 0.21 13 816DE . . . . . . 2 140 0.18 2 161DC. . . . . . 2 865 1.51 2 1,114FL . . . . . . 42 3,067 0.19 38 3,870GA. . . . . . 34 1,047 0.13 28 1,336HI . . . . . . 6 221 0.18 5 254ID . . . . . . 12 211 0.16 8 229IL. . . . . . . 68 2,342 0.19 30 2,478IN . . . . . . 68 1,313 0.22 25 1,275IA . . . . . . 37 621 0.21 12 634KS . . . . . . 45 442 0.16 15 395KY . . . . . . 23 612 0.15 14 652LA . . . . . . 26 726 0.16 21 802ME. . . . . . 7 232 0.18 4 194MD. . . . . . 14 612 0.12 8 876MA. . . . . . 32 1,631 0.26 16 1,595MI . . . . . . 49 1,723 0.17 26 1,969MN. . . . . . 25 848 0.17 14 1,149MS. . . . . . 23 385 0.14 18 391

State

Daily Sunday

Number

Circulation 1

Number

Netpaid

circula-tion 1

(1,000)Net paid

(1,000)Per

capita 2

MO . . . . . 43 937 0.17 23 1,209MT. . . . . . 11 184 0.20 7 188NE . . . . . . 17 437 0.26 6 410NV . . . . . . 8 296 0.15 4 320NH. . . . . . 12 234 0.19 8 242NJ . . . . . . 19 1,367 0.16 16 1,667NM. . . . . . 18 285 0.16 13 288NY . . . . . . 59 6,393 0.34 36 5,455NC. . . . . . 47 1,334 0.17 39 1,484ND. . . . . . 10 167 0.26 7 171OH. . . . . . 84 2,399 0.21 43 2,705OK. . . . . . 43 639 0.19 36 782OR. . . . . . 19 681 0.20 11 724PA . . . . . . 84 2,742 0.22 41 3,156RI . . . . . . 6 221 0.21 3 258SC . . . . . . 15 625 0.16 14 732SD . . . . . . 11 156 0.21 4 135TN . . . . . . 25 856 0.15 17 1,039TX . . . . . . 87 2,926 0.14 83 3,874UT . . . . . . 6 330 0.15 6 369VT . . . . . . 8 122 0.20 3 98VA . . . . . . 28 2,721 0.38 17 1,165WA . . . . . 24 1,107 0.19 18 1,264WV . . . . . 22 363 0.20 12 367WI . . . . . . 35 944 0.18 17 1,013WY . . . . . 9 87 0.18 5 70

1 Circulation figures based on the principal community served by a newspaper which is not necessarily the same location asthe publisher’s office. 2 Per capita based on enumerated resident population as of April 1.




No. 1133. Periodicals—Average Retail Prices: 1997 to 2001


No. 1134. Quantity of Books Sold and Value of U.S. Domestic Consumer Expen-ditures: 1995 to 2000




No. 1135. American Book Title Production: 1998 and 1999


No. 1136. Average Per Volume Book Prices: 1998 and 1999




No. 1137. Book Publishers—Estimated Revenue, Printing Expenses, andInventories: 1998 and 1999

[In millions of dollars (22,480 represents $22,480,000,000), except percent. For taxable and tax-exempt employer firms. ForNAICS 51113. Estimates have not been adjusted to the results of the 1997 Economic Census. Based on the North American Indus-try Classification System; see text, this section, and Section 15, Business Enterprise. Minus sign (-) indicates decrease]

Item1998 1999


Revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22,480 24,129 7.3Revenue from the sale of printed material. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18,622 19,840 6.5Revenue from the sale of electronic or nonprintedmaterial (except audio), total. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,168 2,434 12.2Multimedia. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748 811 8.4Online. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,420 1,623 14.3

Revenue from the sale of audio books . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 191 198 3.8Revenue from the sale of publication rights . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235 247 5.2Contract printing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 428 361 -15.7Other revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 836 1,048 25.5

Expenses: Purchased printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,908 4,104 5.0

Inventories at end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,737 2,984 9.0Finished goods and work-in-process. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,510 2,723 8.5Materials, supplies, fuel, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227 261 14.6


No. 1138. Book Purchasing by Adults: 1991 and 1999




No. 1139. Software Publishers—Estimated Revenue, Expenses, andInventories: 1998 and 1999

[In millions of dollars (72,098 represents $72,098,000,000), except percent. For taxable and tax-exempt employer firms. Cov-ers NAICS 5112. Estimates have been adjusted to the results of the 1997 Economic Census. Based on the North American Indus-try Classification System; see text, this section, and Section 15, Business Enterprise. Minus sign (-) indicates decrease]

Item1998 1999


Revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72,098 80,959 12.3Personal computer software revenue, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,818 12,940 9.5Enterprise software revenue, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20,580 22,849 11.0Systems and systems management software revenue . . . . . 10,130 12,261 21.0Electronic commerce enabling technologies and software . . . (S) (S) (S)Mainframe computer software revenue, total . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,065 8,676 7.6

Other services revenue, total . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,625 16,076 18.0Implementation and customization . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,597 5,428 18.1Software upgrades and maintenance . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,224 8,575 18.7Software user training . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,201 1,313 9.3Internet access fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)Web hosting and design. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)Web site advertising . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 35 138.5

Other revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,117 6,883 -3.3

Expenses: Selected purchases, total . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,751 5,460 14.9Purchased printing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 627 693 10.5Purchased software reproduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,136 2,413 13.0Purchased programming services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,987 2,354 18.4

Inventories at end of year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 784 863 10.1Finished goods and work-in-process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 665 697 4.8Materials, supplies, fuel, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 119 167 39.8



No. 1140. Motion Picture and Sound Recording Industries—Estimated Revenueand Inventories: 1998 and 1999

[In millions of dollars (58,850 represents $58,850,000,000), except percent. For taxable and tax-exempt employer firms. ForNAICS 512. Except where indicated, estimates have been adjusted to the results of the 1997 Economic Census. Based on theNorth American Industry Classification System; see text, this section, and Section 15, Business Enterprise. Minus sign (-) indicatesdecrease]

Item1998 1999


Motion picture and recording industries (NAICS 512):Operating revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58,850 63,196 7.4Total inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,370 15,407 7.2

Finished goods and work-in-process . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,208 15,230 7.2Materials, supplies, fuel, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 163 177 8.6

Motion picture and video (NAICS 5121):Operating revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,002 51,227 6.7Total inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,053 15,101 7.5

Finished goods and work-in-process . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,942 14,983 7.5Materials, supplies, fuel, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112 118 5.7

Sound recording (NAICS 5122): 1

Operating revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,848 11,969 10.3Total inventories . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 317 306 -3.4

Finished goods and work-in-process . . . . . . . . . . . . 266 248 -6.9Materials, supplies, fuel, etc. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51 58 15.0

1 Estimates not adjusted to the results of the 1997 Economic Census.




No. 1141. Recording Media—Manufacturers’ Shipments and Value:1982 to 2000

[577.4 represents 577,400,000. Domestic shipments based on reports of manufacturers representing more than 85 percent of themarket. Domestic value data based on list prices of records and other media]

Medium 1982 1985 1990 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

UNIT SHIPMENTS 1 (mil.)

Total 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 577.4 653.0 865.7 1,112.7 1,137.2 1,063.4 1,124.3 1,160.6 1,079.3CDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 22.6 286.5 722.9 778.9 753.1 847.0 938.9 942.5CD singles. . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) 1.1 21.5 43.2 66.7 56.0 55.9 34.2Cassettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 182.3 339.1 442.2 272.6 225.3 172.6 158.5 123.6 76.0Cassette singles . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) 87.4 70.7 59.9 42.2 26.4 14.2 1.3

Albums—LPs and EPs. . . . . 243.9 167.0 11.7 2.2 2.9 2.7 3.4 2.9 2.2Vinyl singles . . . . . . . . . . . 137.2 120.7 27.6 10.2 10.1 7.5 5.4 5.3 4.8Music video . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) 9.2 12.6 16.9 18.6 27.2 19.8 18.2DVDs 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) 0.5 2.5 3.3

VALUE (mil. dol.)

Total 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,641.6 4,378.8 7,541.1 12,320.3 12,533.8 12,236.8 13,723.5 14,584.5 14,323.0CDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) 389.5 3,451.6 9,377.4 9,934.7 9,915.1 11,416.0 12,816.3 13,214.5CD singles. . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) 6.0 110.9 184.1 272.7 213.2 222.4 142.7Cassettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,384.5 2,411.5 3,472.4 2,303.6 1,905.3 1,522.7 1,419.9 1,061.6 626.0Cassette singles . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) 257.9 236.3 189.3 133.5 94.4 48.0 4.6

Albums—LPs and EPs. . . . . 1,925.1 1,280.5 86.5 25.1 36.8 33.3 34.0 31.8 27.7Vinyl singles . . . . . . . . . . . 283.0 281.0 94.4 46.7 47.5 35.6 25.7 27.9 26.3Music video . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) 172.3 220.3 236.1 323.9 508.0 376.7 281.9DVDs 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) (X) 12.2 66.3 80.3

X Not applicable. 1 Net units, after returns. 2 Includes discontinued media. 3 Included in music videos beginning 1999.

Source: Recording Industry Association of America, Washington, DC, Internet site <http://www.riaa.com> (accessed 13 August2001).

No. 1142. Profile of Consumer Expenditures for Sound Recordings:1990 to 2000

[In percent, except total value (7,541.1 represents $7,541,100,000). Based on monthly telephone surveys of the population 10years old and over]

Item 1990 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Total value (mil. dol.) . . . . . 7,541.1 12,068.0 12,320.3 12,533.8 12,236.8 13,723.5 14,584.5 14,323.0

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION 1

Age: 10 to 14 years . . . . . . . . 7.6 7.9 8.0 7.9 8.9 9.1 8.5 8.915 to 19 years . . . . . . . . . . 18.3 16.8 17.1 17.2 16.8 15.8 12.6 12.920 to 24 years . . . . . . . . . . 16.5 15.4 15.3 15.0 13.8 12.2 12.6 12.525 to 29 years . . . . . . . . . . 14.6 12.6 12.3 12.5 11.7 11.4 10.5 10.6

30 to 34 years . . . . . . . . . . 13.2 11.8 12.1 11.4 11.0 11.4 10.1 9.835 to 39 years . . . . . . . . . . 10.2 11.5 10.8 11.1 11.6 12.6 10.4 10.640 to 44 years . . . . . . . . . . 7.8 7.9 7.5 9.1 8.8 8.3 9.3 9.645 years and over . . . . . . . . 11.1 15.4 16.1 15.1 16.5 18.1 24.7 23.8

Sex: Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.4 52.7 53.0 50.9 48.6 48.7 50.3 50.6Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45.6 47.3 47.0 49.1 51.4 51.3 49.7 49.4

Sales outlet:Record store . . . . . . . . . . . 69.8 53.3 52.0 49.9 51.8 50.8 44.5 42.4Other store. . . . . . . . . . . . . 18.5 26.7 28.2 31.5 31.9 34.4 38.3 40.8Music club . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.9 15.1 14.3 14.3 11.6 9.0 7.9 7.6Internet 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) (NA) (NA) (NA) 0.3 1.1 2.4 3.2Ad or 800 number . . . . . . . . 2.5 3.4 4.0 2.9 2.7 2.9 2.5 2.4

Music type: 3

Rock . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.1 35.1 33.5 32.6 32.5 25.7 25.2 24.8Rap/Hip Hop. . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 7.9 6.7 8.9 10.1 9.7 10.8 12.9Pop . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13.7 10.3 10.1 9.3 9.4 10.0 10.3 11.0Country . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9.6 16.3 16.7 14.7 14.4 14.1 10.8 10.7

R&B/Urban. . . . . . . . . . . . . 11.6 9.6 11.3 12.1 11.2 12.8 10.5 9.7Religious . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5 3.3 3.1 4.3 4.5 6.3 5.1 4.8Jazz . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.8 3.0 3.0 3.3 2.8 1.9 3.0 2.9Classical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1 3.7 2.9 3.4 2.8 3.3 3.5 2.7

Soundtracks . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 1.0 0.9 0.8 1.2 1.7 0.8 0.7Oldies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.8 0.8 1.0 0.8 0.8 0.7 0.7 0.9New age . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.1 1.0 0.7 0.7 0.8 0.6 0.5 0.5Children. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0.5 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.9 0.4 0.4 0.6Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.6 5.3 7.0 5.2 5.7 7.9 9.1 8.3

Media type:CDs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.1 58.4 65.0 68.4 70.2 74.8 83.2 89.3Cassettes . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54.7 32.1 25.1 19.3 18.2 14.8 8.0 4.9Singles (all types) . . . . . . . . 8.7 7.4 7.5 9.3 9.3 6.8 5.4 2.5Music video . . . . . . . . . . . . (NA) 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.6 1.0 0.9 0.8Vinyl LPs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.7 0.8 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.7 0.5 0.5

NA Not available. 1 Percent distributions exclude nonresponses and responses of don’t know. 2 Excludes record clubpurchases over the Internet. 3 As classified by respondent.

Source: Recording Industry Association of America, Inc., Washington, DC, 2000 Consumer Profile.



No. 1143. Radio and Television Broadcasting—Estimated Revenue andExpenses: 1998 and 1999

[In millions of dollars (43,791 represents $43,791,000,000), except percent. For taxable and tax-exempt employer firms. Cov-ers NAICS 5131. Estimates have been adjusted to the results of the 1997 Economic Census. Based on the North American Indus-try Classification System; see text, this section, and Section 15, Business Enterprise. Minus sign (-) indicates decrease]

Item

Total(NAICS 5131)

Radio broadcasting(NAICS 51311

TV broadcasting(NAICS 51312)

1998 1999

Percentchange

1998-99 1998 1999

Percentchange

1998-99 1998 1999

Percentchange

1998-99

Operating revenue . . . . . . . . . 43,791 47,292 8.0 11,587 13,030 12.4 32,203 34,262 6.4Station time sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27,419 29,771 8.6 10,029 11,258 12.3 17,389 18,513 6.5

Network compensation . . . . . . . . . 631 657 4.1 82 97 17.4 549 561 2.1National/regional advertising . . . . . 9,769 10,482 7.3 2,483 2,863 15.3 7,286 7,618 4.6Local advertising revenue . . . . . . . 17,018 18,632 9.5 7,464 8,298 11.2 9,554 10,334 8.2

Network time sales . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,603 13,514 7.2 872 996 14.2 11,732 12,518 6.7Other operating revenue . . . . . . . . . 3,769 4,007 6.3 686 776 13.0 3,082 3,231 4.8

Expenses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,760 37,451 10.9 8,939 10,208 14.2 24,821 27,243 9.8Annual payroll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,625 10,814 12.4 3,583 4,165 16.2 6,042 6,649 10.0Employer contributions to socialsecurity and other supplementalbenefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,450 1,427 -1.6 450 503 11.7 1,000 924 -7.6

Broadcast rights and music licensefees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,249 11,337 10.6 563 526 -6.7 9,686 10,811 11.6

Depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,765 3,411 23.4 1,227 1,579 28.8 1,539 1,832 19.1Lease and rental. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 623 616 -1.2 255 268 4.9 368 349 -5.4Purchased repairs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 282 266 -5.7 82 86 5.0 200 180 -10.2Purchased communications andutilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 589 601 1.9 228 258 12.9 361 343 -5.0

Purchased advertising . . . . . . . . . . . 1,290 1,458 13.1 361 393 8.9 929 1,066 14.7Other operating expenses (includingnetwork compensation fees) . . . . . . 6,886 7,521 9.2 2,190 2,431 11.0 4,696 5,090 8.4


No. 1144. Cable and Pay TV—Summary: 1975 to 2000

[9,800 represents 9,800,000. Cable TV for calendar year. Pay TV as of Dec. 31 of year shown]

Year

Cable TV Pay TV

Avg.basic

subscrib-ers

(1,000)

Avg.monthly

basic rate(dol.)

Revenue 1

(mil. dol.)Units 2

(1,000)Monthly rate

(dol.)

Total BasicTotalpay 3

Paycable

Non-cable

deliveredpremium

All payweighted

average 3Pay

cable

Noncabledeliveredpremium

1975 . . . . . 9,800 6.50 804 764 194 194 (NA) (NA) 7.85 (NA)1976 . . . . . 11,000 6.45 932 851 611 568 (NA) 7.96 7.87 (NA)1977 . . . . . 12,200 6.86 1,207 1,004 1,138 1,047 (NA) 8.03 7.92 (NA)1978 . . . . . 13,400 7.13 1,513 1,147 2,473 2,182 (NA) 8.16 8.01 (NA)1979 . . . . . 15,000 7.40 1,942 1,332 5,157 4,480 (NA) 8.54 8.24 (NA)

1980 . . . . . 17,500 7.69 2,609 1,615 8,581 7,336 (NA) 8.91 8.62 (NA)1981 . . . . . 21,100 7.99 3,675 2,023 14,310 12,239 (NA) 9.16 8.92 (NA)1982 . . . . . 25,250 8.30 5,032 2,515 19,395 17,007 (NA) 9.49 9.30 (NA)1983 . . . . . 29,430 8.61 6,485 3,041 24,515 22,818 (NA) 9.82 9.70 (NA)1984 . . . . . 32,800 8.98 7,738 3,534 28,815 27,754 (NA) 10.03 9.96 (NA)

1985 . . . . . 35,440 9.73 8,831 4,138 29,885 29,418 (NA) 10.29 10.25 (NA)1986 . . . . . 38,170 10.67 9,955 4,887 31,033 30,668 (NA) 10.35 10.31 (NA)1987 . . . . . 41,160 12.18 11,563 6,016 33,528 33,232 (NA) 10.25 10.23 (NA)1988 . . . . . 44,160 13.86 13,409 7,345 37,085 36,777 (NA) 10.24 10.17 (NA)1989 . . . . . 47,500 15.21 15,378 8,670 39,055 38,916 (NA) 10.25 10.20 (NA)

1990 . . . . . 50,520 16.78 17,582 10,174 39,902 39,751 (NA) 10.35 10.30 (NA)1991 . . . . . 52,570 18.10 19,426 11,418 39,983 36,569 (NA) 10.35 10.27 (NA)1992 . . . . . 54,300 19.08 21,079 12,433 40,893 36,879 (NA) 10.29 10.17 (NA)1993 . . . . . 56,200 419.39 22,809 13,528 42,010 37,113 (NA) 9.27 9.11 (NA)1994 . . . . . 58,450 21.62 23,160 15,164 46,328 41,728 4,600 8.23 8.37 6.99

1995 . . . . . 60,900 23.07 25,556 16,860 53,973 45,598 8,375 8.28 8.54 6.991996 . . . . . 62,800 24.41 27,951 18,395 60,372 48,157 12,215 8.04 8.35 6.991997 . . . . . 64,410 26.48 30,744 20,383 66,068 49,900 16,160 7.92 8.29 6.991998 . . . . . 65,420 27.81 33,003 21,830 72,401 52,703 19,698 7.80 8.20 6.991999 . . . . . 66,660 28.92 36,333 23,134 78,097 54,775 23,322 7.66 8.04 6.992000, est. . . 67,700 30.08 39,641 24,445 95,570 59,070 36,500 7.57 7.96 6.99

NA Not available. 1 Includes installation revenue, subscriber revenue, and nonsubscriber revenue; excludes telephony andhigh-speed access. 2 Individual program services sold to subscribers. 3 Includes multipoint distribution service (MDS), satelliteTV (STV), multipoint multichannel distribution service (MMDS), satellite master antenna TV (SMATV, C-band satellite, and DBSsatellite. 4 Weighted average representing 8 months of unregulated basic rate and 4 months of FCC rolled-back rate.

Source: Paul Kagan Associates Inc., Carmel, CA, a division of MediaCentral, LLC, The Cable Databook, annual, 2000(copyright); and The Pay TV Newsletter, May 31, 2000, and various other issues.



No. 1145. Cable Networks and Program Distribution Services—EstimatedRevenue and Expenses: 1998 and 1999

[In millions of dollars (52,160 represents $52,160,000,000), except percent. For taxable and tax-exempt employer firms. Cov-ers NAICS 5132. Estimates have not been adjusted to the results of the 1997 Economic Census. Based on the North AmericanIndustry Classification System; see text, this section, and Section 15, Business Enterprise]

Item1998 1999


Operating revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52,160 59,774 14.6Advertising revenue (net) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,034 9,767 21.6Program revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,454 10,301 9.0Basic service tier . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,541 26,890 14.2Pay-per-view service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,607 1,903 18.5Other premium service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,312 4,421 2.5Installation, startup, and reconnect fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 740 765 3.3Other cable and pay TV revenue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,021 2,428 20.1Internet access fees . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138 274 98.8Local telephone service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 144 220 52.6Long-distance telephone service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)Other communication service revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 228 522 129.0Other operating revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,915 2,237 16.8

Operating expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,231 52,952 17.0Annual payroll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,138 8,388 17.5Employer contributions to social security and othersupplemental benefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,443 1,666 15.5

Program and production costs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,601 16,525 13.2Depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,425 11,498 22.0Lease and rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 760 878 15.5Purchased repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 662 721 8.9Purchased communications and utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 736 840 14.2Purchased advertising. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,590 1,836 15.5Other operating expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,876 10,600 19.4



No. 1146. Telecommunications—Estimated Revenue and Expenses:1998 and 1999

[In millions of dollars (284,916 represents $284,916,000,000), except percent. For taxable and tax-exempt employer firms.Except for NAICS 51332, wireless telecommunications carriers (except satellite), estimates have been adjusted to the results ofthe 1997 Economic Census. Based on the North American Industry Classification System; see text, this section, and Section 15,Business Enterprise. Minus sign (-) indicates decrease. See Table 1147 for wireless telecommunications carriers, NAICS 51332]

Item

Telecommunications(NAICS 5133)

Wired telecommunications carriers(NAICS 51331)

1998 1999



Operating revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 284,916 318,097 11.6 227,868 247,532 8.6Wired telecommunications services . . . . . . . . . . 210,866 228,321 8.3 205,223 221,439 7.9

Local service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68,192 76,414 12.1 66,981 74,807 11.7Basic local service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54,048 60,463 11.9 52,861 58,892 11.4Value-added services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,144 15,952 12.8 14,120 15,915 12.7

Long-distance service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 96,897 102,251 5.5 92,984 97,670 5.0Network access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,778 49,656 8.5 45,257 48,962 8.2

Cellular telephone, PCS, and SMR . . . . . . . . . . 34,919 45,061 29.0 400 511 27.8Basic monthly charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,790 19,633 24.3 85 120 40.8Airtime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,781 14,966 27.0 82 101 24.2Long-distance service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,770 2,156 21.8 (Z) (Z) -50.0Roaming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,281 5,293 61.3 5 6 24.2Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,296 3,014 31.3 (S) (S) (S)

Directory advertising . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,676 1,788 6.6 1,672 1,783 6.6Other communications services . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12,137 13,736 13.2 913 1,586 73.7Other operating revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25,318 29,191 15.3 19,660 22,213 13.0

Operating expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240,055 266,420 11.0 184,779 200,461 8.5Annual payroll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48,612 54,447 12.0 38,941 43,193 10.9Employer contributions to social securityand other supplemental benefits . . . . . . . . . . . 11,047 12,415 12.4 9,098 10,106 11.1

Access charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33,665 37,581 11.6 29,412 31,657 7.6Depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44,291 49,929 12.7 33,462 38,120 13.9Lease and rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,677 6,349 11.8 3,014 3,368 11.8Purchased repairs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,033 3,117 2.8 2,186 2,366 8.2Purchased communications and utilities . . . . . . . 15,946 14,330 -10.1 14,449 12,437 -13.9Purchased advertising . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,327 7,122 -2.8 4,635 4,532 -2.2Universal service, contributions, and other similarcharges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,297 5,527 4.3 4,900 5,017 2.4

Other operating expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65,158 75,602 16.0 44,683 49,665 11.1

S Data do not meet publication standards. Z Less than $500,000.




No. 1147. Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (Except Satellite)—EstimatedRevenue and Expenses: 1998 and 1999

[In millions of dollars (42,363 represents $42,363,000,000), except percent. For taxable and tax-exempt employer firms. ForNAICS 51332. Estimates have not been adjusted to the results of the 1997 Economic Census. Based on the North American Indus-try Classification System; see text, this section, and Section 15, Business Enterprise . Minus sign (-) indicates decrease. See Table1146 for telecommunications total and wired carriers (NAICS 5133 and 51331)]

Item1998 1999


Operating revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42,363 53,485 26.3Cellular telephone, PCS, and SMR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,844 42,654 29.9

Basic monthly charges. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15,490 19,269 24.4Airtime . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,557 14,723 27.4Long-distance service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,528 1,919 25.6Roaming . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,162 5,115 61.8Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,107 1,629 47.1

Other communications services 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,423 6,920 7.7Other operating revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,096 3,911 26.3

Operating expenses. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,720 50,381 26.8Annual payroll . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,722 8,259 22.9Employer contributions to social security and other supplementalbenefits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,490 1,787 20.0

Access charges . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,233 3,371 51.0Depreciation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,743 10,376 18.7Lease and rental . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,923 2,328 21.0

Purchased repairs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 719 660 -8.3Purchased communications and utilities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,051 1,311 24.7Purchased advertising. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,467 2,343 -5.0Universal service, contributions, and other similar charges. . . . . . . . . . 325 441 36.0Other operating expenses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14,047 19,505 38.9

1 Includes wired telecommunications services revenue.


No. 1148. Telecommunications Industry—Carriers and Revenue: 1995 to 1999

[Revenue in millions of dollars (190,076 represents $190,076,000,000). Data based on carrier filings to the FCC. Because ofreporting changes, data beginning 1997 are not strictly comparable with previous years; see source for details]

CategoryCarriers Telecommunications revenue

1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

Total 1. . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,058 3,832 3,604 4,144 4,822 190,076 211,782 231,168 246,392 268,505

Local service providers . . . . . 1,675 2,028 2,066 2,239 2,589 103,792 109,273 108,568 113,369 119,938Incumbent local exchangecarriers (ILECs)2 . . . . . . . 1,347 1,376 1,410 1,348 1,335 102,820 107,905 105,154 108,234 112,216

Pay telephone providers. . . 271 533 509 615 758 349 357 933 1,101 1,213Competitors of ILECs. . . . . 57 119 147 276 496 623 1,011 2,481 4,034 6,508

CAPs and CLECs 3 . . . . 57 94 129 212 349 623 1,011 1,919 3,348 5,652Local resellers. . . . . . . . (4) 8 11 54 87 (4) (4) 206 410 511Other local exchangecarriers . . . . . . . . . . . (4) 13 3 10 60 (4) (4) 157 36 171

Private carriers . . . . . . . (4) (4) 2 (4) (4) (4) (4) 112 147 87Shared tenant serviceproviders. . . . . . . . . . . (4) 4 2 (4) (4) (4) (4) 87 93 87

Wireless service providers 5 . . 930 1,217 969 1,235 1,495 18,627 25,900 33,030 37,032 50,152Telephony 6 . . . . . . . . . . . 792 853 732 808 806 17,208 23,778 29,944 33,139 46,513Paging service providers . . 138 200 137 303 427 (4) (4) 2,861 3,161 3,232

Toll service providers . . . . . . 453 587 569 647 738 76,447 86,896 89,570 95,992 98,414Interexchange carriers . . . . 130 149 151 171 204 70,938 79,057 79,080 83,443 87,570Operator service providers . 25 27 32 24 21 500 461 603 590 337Prepaid service providers . . 8 16 18 20 21 16 238 519 888 866Satellite service carriers . . . (4) 22 13 13 21 (4) (4) 1,011 475 280Toll resellers. . . . . . . . . . . 260 345 340 388 454 4,220 6,564 8,010 9,885 9,211Other toll carriers . . . . . . . 30 28 15 31 17 773 577 348 710 150

1 Revenue data include adjustments, not shown separately. Through 1996, revenue data include some nontelecommunica-tions revenue, formerly reported as local exchange wireless revenue. 2 Fewer ILECs filed in 1998 than in 1997 because ofconsolidation of study areas. 3 Competitive access providers and competitive local exchange carriers. 4 Data not availableseparately. 5 Includes specialized mobile radio services and other services, not shown separately. 6 Cellular service, personalcommunications service, and specialized mobile radio.

Source: U.S. Federal Communications Commission, Trends in Telephone Service, December 2000.



No. 1149. Telephone Systems—Summary: 1985 to 1999

[112 represents 112,000,000. Covers principal carriers filing annual reports with Federal Communications Commission]

Item Unit 1985 1990 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999

LOCAL EXCHANGE CARRIERS 1

Carriers 2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number . 55 51 53 52 53 51 51 52 52Access lines. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Millions. . 112 130 149 157 166 178 194 205 228

Business access lines. . . . . . . . . . . . Millions. . 31 36 41 42 46 49 53 57 58Residential access lines . . . . . . . . . . Millions. . 79 89 96 98 101 104 108 110 115Other access lines (public, mobile,special) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Millions. . 2 6 13 17 19 25 33 38 55

Number of local calls (originating). . . . . . Billions . . 365 402 447 465 484 504 522 544 554Number of toll calls (originating) . . . . . . . Billions . . (NA) 63 78 83 94 95 101 97 102Gross book cost of plant. . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol.. . 191 240 264 272 284 296 309 325 342Depreciation and amortization reserves . . Bil. dol.. . 49 89 107 116 127 138 149 163 176Net plant . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol.. . 142 151 156 157 157 158 160 161 166Total assets . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol.. . 162 180 192 196 197 198 198 200 204Total stockholders equity . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol.. . 63 74 73 72 72 74 72 70 67Operating revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol.. . 73 84 90 93 96 101 103 108 113

Local revenues . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol.. . 32 37 42 43 46 50 52 55 58Operating expenses 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol.. . 48 62 66 70 72 74 75 78 79Net operating income 4. . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol.. . 13 14 14 13 14 16 16 18 20Net income . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol.. . 9 11 5 9 11 13 12 12 13

Employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (1,000) . . (NA) 569 507 474 447 437 435 436 436Compensation of employees . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol.. . (NA) 23 23 22 21 23 22 23 24Average monthly residential localtelephone rate 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dollars . . (NA) 19.24 19.95 19.81 20.01 19.95 19.88 19.76 19.87

Average monthly single-line businesstelephone rate 5 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dollars . . (NA) 41.21 42.57 41.64 41.80 41.81 41.67 41.29 41.00

LONG DISTANCE CARRIERS

Number of carriers with presubscribedlines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number . (NA) 325 436 511 583 621 (NA) (NA) (NA)

Number of presubscribed lines. . . . . . . . Millions. . (NA) 132 143 148 153 159 (NA) (NA) (NA)Total toll service revenues. . . . . . . . . . . Bil. dol.. . 43 52 62 67 74 82 89 94 99Interstate switched access minutes. . . . . Bil. min. . 167 307 371 401 432 468 497 519 574

INTERNATIONAL TELEPHONESERVICE 6

Number of U.S. billed calls . . . . . . . . . . Millions. . 411 984 1,926 2,313 2,821 3,485 4,233 4,439 5,215Number of U.S. billed minutes . . . . . . . . Millions. . 3,350 7,215 11,393 13,393 15,837 19,119 22,611 24,026 27,966U.S. billed revenues. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . 3,435 7,626 11,353 12,255 13,990 14,079 15,135 14,154 14,398U.S. carrier revenue net of settlementswith foreign carriers . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . 2,305 4,863 7,704 7,966 9,054 8,434 9,691 9,681 9,836

Revenue from private-line service. . . . . . Mil. dol. . 172 201 365 432 432 649 840 902 1,181Revenue from resale service . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . (NA) 167 593 1,120 1,687 3,457 4,088 4,876 4,254

NA Not available. 1 Gross operating revenues, gross plant, and total assets of reporting carriers estimated at more than 90percent of total industry. New accounting rules became effective in 1990; prior years may not be directly comparable on aone-to-one basis. Includes Virgin Islands, and prior to 1993, Puerto Rico. 2 The reporting threshold for carriers is $100 millionin annual operating revenue. 3 Excludes taxes. 4 After tax deductions. 5 Based on surveys conducted by FCC.6 Beginning 1993, includes calls to and from Alaska, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, Canada, and Mexico.

Source: U.S. Federal Communications Commission, Statistics of Communications Common Carriers, annual.

No. 1150. Cellular Telephone Industry: 1990 to 2000

[Calendar year data, except as noted (5,283 represents 5,283,000). Based on a survey mailed to all cellular, personalcommunications services, and enhanced special mobile radio (ESMR) systems. For 2000 data, the universe was 2,440 systemsand the response rate was 86 percent. The number of operational systems in 2000 differs from that reported for previous periodsas a result of the consolidated operation of ESMR systems in a broader service area instead of by a city-to-city basis]

Item Unit 1990 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Systems . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number . 751 1,581 1,627 1,740 2,228 3,073 3,518 2,440Subscribers . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,000 . . 5,283 24,134 33,786 44,043 55,312 69,209 86,047 109,478Cell sites 1 . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number . 5,616 17,920 22,663 30,045 51,600 65,887 81,698 104,288Employees . . . . . . . . . . . . . Number . 21,382 53,902 68,165 84,161 109,387 134,754 155,817 184,449

Service revenue. . . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . 4,548 14,229 19,081 23,635 27,486 33,133 40,018 52,466Roamer revenue 2. . . . . . . Mil. dol. . 456 1,830 2,542 2,781 2,974 3,501 4,085 3,883

Capital investment . . . . . . . . Mil. dol. . 6,282 18,939 24,080 32,574 46,058 60,543 71,265 89,624

Average monthly bill 3 . . . . . . Dollars. . 80.90 56.21 51.00 47.70 42.78 39.43 41.24 45.27Average length of call 3 . . . . . Minutes . 2.20 2.24 2.15 2.32 2.31 2.39 2.38 2.56

1 The basic geographic unit of a wireless PCS or cellular system. A city or county is divided into smaller ‘‘cells,’’ each of whichis equipped with a low-powered radio transmitter/receiver. The cells can vary in size depending upon terrain, capacity demands,etc. By controlling the transmission power, the radio frequencies assigned to one cell can be limited to the boundaries of that cell.When a wireless PCS or cellular phone moves from one cell toward another, a computer at the switching office monitors themovement and at the proper time, transfers or hands off the phone call to the new cell and another radio frequency. 2 Servicerevenue generated by subscribers’ calls outside of their system areas. 3 As of December 31.

Source: Cellular Telecommunications & Internet Association, Washington, DC, Semiannual Wireless Survey (copyright).



No. 1151. Information Services and Data Processing Services—EstimatedRevenue: 1998 and 1999

[In millions of dollars (46,994 represents $46,994,000,000), except percent. For taxable and tax-exempt employer firms. Cov-ers NAICS 514. Except as indicated, estimates adjusted to results of the 1997 Economic Census. Based on the North AmericanIndustry Classification System; see text, this section, and Section 15, Business Enterprise. Minus sign (-) indicates decrease]

Item1998 1999


Total (NAICS 514) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46,994 60,130 28.0

News syndicates (NAICS 51411):Revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,586 1,823 14.9

Libraries and archives (NAICS 51412):Revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 954 1,018 6.7

Subsidies, contributions, gifts, and grants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 631 698 10.6Other revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 323 320 -1.0

Online information services (NAICS 514191):Revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10,882 18,025 65.6

Internet access fees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,499 8,979 63.3Advertising . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 725 1,355 87.0Web hosting and design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261 520 99.4Online sales commissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)Other revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,322 7,038 62.8

All other information services 1 (NAICS 514199):Revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 985 2,120 115.3

Internet access fees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10 39 294.9Advertising . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 658 1,477 124.6Web hosting and design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3 12 355.6Online sales commissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 6 714.3Other revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 314 586 87.0

Data processing services (NAICS 5142):Revenue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32,588 37,143 14.0

Transaction processing and data exchange . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19,511 22,151 13.5Data capture and imaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1,161 1,308 12.7Computer timesharing services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 748 764 2.1Web hosting and design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . (S) (S) (S)Other data processing services . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,160 5,997 16.2All other revenue. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,008 6,645 10.6

S Data do not meet publication standards. 1 Estimates not adjusted to the results of the 1997 Economic Census.


No. 1152. Academic Libraries—Summary: 1998

[For fiscal year. For 2- and 4-year degree granting institutions. Based on survey; see source for details]

ItemNumber

oflibraries

Circulation(1,000)

Papervolumes

held(1,000) 1

Staff 2 ExpendituresPercent withaccess from

within library to—

General Reserve Total

Librar-ians

(percent)

Total(mil.dol.)

Salary 3

(percent)

Elec-tronic

catalog Internet

Total . . . . . . . . 3,658 175,409 40,658 878,906 96,709 25.7 4,593 50.4 84.2 94.6

Control:Public . . . . . . . . . 1,583 116,158 25,267 521,817 58,314 25.0 2,780 52.4 95.7 97.5Private . . . . . . . . 2,075 59,251 15,391 357,090 38,395 26.6 1,813 47.4 75.0 92.3

Level: 4

4-year degree andabove 5 . . . . . . . 2,220 150,575 34,453 821,965 82,533 25.4 4,072 48.5 86.7 95.4

Doctor’s . . . . . . 570 105,614 22,469 569,295 54,478 24.5 2,924 47.1 94.8 97.3Master’s. . . . . . 944 33,869 8,747 186,922 20,547 27.2 868 52.4 87.9 95.7Bachelor’s . . . . 703 11,083 3,236 65,645 7,499 27.0 280 51.0 78.3 93.5

Less than 4-year. . 1,438 24,834 6,205 56,941 14,176 27.4 520 65.4 80.1 93.3

Enrollment: 2

Less than 1,500 . . 2,041 24,946 6,173 117,188 14,949 29.3 567 52.0 73.0 91.41,500 to 4,999 . . . 1,053 33,992 9,259 172,047 22,221 27.2 947 52.8 96.4 98.75,000 of more . . . 564 116,472 25,226 589,671 59,539 24.2 3,078 49.3 99.1 98.0

1 At end-of-year. 2 Full-time equivalent. 3 Salary and wages. 4 Level of highest degree offered. 5 Includes threeinstitutions granting ‘‘other’’ degrees, not shown separately.

Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, Academic Libraries, 1998, NCES 2001-341, July 2001.



No. 1153. Libraries—Number by Type: 1980 to 1999


No. 1154. Public Libraries by Selected Characteristics: 1998

[6,738 represents $6,738,000,000. Based on survey of public libraries. Data are for public libraries in the 50 states and the Dis-trict of Columbia. The response rates for these items are between 97 and 100 percent]

Population ofservice area

Number of— Operating income— Paid staff 3

Librarieswith

Internetaccess

Publiclibraries

Stationaryoutlets 1

Total 2

(mil. dol.)

Source (percent)

Total

Librar-ians with

ALA-MLS 4

Stategovern-

ment

Localgovern-

ment

Total . . . . . . . . . . . 8,964 16,180 6,738 12.6 77.6 123,443 28,178 7,8661,000,000 or more . . . . . 20 875 883 10.4 79.0 14,404 4,258 20500,000 to 999,000 . . . . 54 1,167 1,146 16.0 74.0 18,433 4,601 54250,000 to 499,999 . . . . 94 1,062 765 12.9 79.8 13,194 3,290 93100,000 to 249,999 . . . . 323 1,992 1,116 11.3 80.9 20,422 4,642 32050,000 to 99,999 . . . . . . 513 1,601 843 14.1 76.8 15,961 3,566 505

25,000 to 49,999 . . . . . . 860 1,637 806 13.7 77.1 15,493 3,576 84510,000 to 24,999 . . . . . . 1,716 2,228 743 11.3 77.7 14,854 3,063 1,6535,000 to 9,999 . . . . . . . . 1,475 1,647 254 9.3 75.2 5,769 844 1,3832,500 to 4,999 . . . . . . . . 1,326 1,369 103 6.9 74.8 2,618 224 1,1551,000 to 2,499 . . . . . . . . 1,638 1,656 62 6.1 67.1 1,756 94 1,313Fewer than 1,000 . . . . . . 945 946 16 9.9 64.3 538 19 525

1 The sum of central and branches libraries. The total number of central libraries was 8,887; the total of branch libraries was7,293. 2 Includes income from the federal government (0.8%) and other sources (9.0%), not shown separately. 3 Full-timeequivalents. 4 Librarians with master’s degrees from a graduate library education program accredited by the American LibraryAssociation (ALA). Total librarians, including those without ALA-MLS, were 40,689.

Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, Public Libraries in the United States: 1998, NCES 2001-307, July 2001.

No. 1155. Public Library Use of the Internet: 2000

[In percent, except number of outlets. As of spring. Based on sample survey; see source for details]

Item

Total

Metropolitan status 1 Poverty status 2

UrbanSub-

urban Rural

Lessthan 20percent

20 to 40percent

Morethan 40percent

All libraries outlets 3 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16,004 2,742 4,764 8,498 12,847 2,832 325

Connected to the Internet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.7 98.3 98.5 93.3 95.6 96.3 92.8Connected with public access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94.5 97.7 97.3 91.9 94.3 95.8 93.5

Average number of workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.3 17.3 8.7 4.9 7.3 12.3 7.2Speed of access:

Less than 56kpbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5.8 1.0 2.5 9.4 6.7 2.6 -56kpbs dial-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.5 1.0 7.4 25.3 17.7 5.7 16.256kpbs direct connect . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25.0 10.0 25.6 29.8 24.4 27.6 26.3Greater than 56kpbs . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53.6 88.2 64.6 35.4 51.3 64.1 57.4

Special software/hardware for persons withdisabilities on—All workstations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8.5 8.7 7.0 9.3 5.8 20.4 7.5Some workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.3 26.6 23.9 6.1 18.5 29.6 10.5No workstations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71.2 64.7 69.1 74.6 75.7 49.9 82.0

On public access workstations—No Internet filtering/blocking . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.5 70.8 69.8 80.4 75.9 73.3 77.9Internet filtering/blocking on some stations . . . . 15.0 18.5 21.8 9.7 14.6 16.7 14.5With acceptable use policies . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95.5 96.8 97.1 94.0 94.7 99.4 91.7With acceptable use policies which differentiatebetween users (e.g.adults and children) . . . . . 43.6 31.4 41.1 49.2 43.2 43.9 53.8

- Represents zero. 1 Urban = inside central city; Suburban = in metro area, outside of a central city; Rural = outside a metroarea. 2 Determined by the 1990 poverty status of the service area of the outlet. 3 Central libraries and branches; excludesbookmobiles.

Source: National Commission on Libraries and Information Science, Washington, DC, Public Libraries and the Internet 2000:Summary Findings and Data Tables, September 2000, by John Carlo Bartot and Charles R. McClure, Florida State University,Tallahassee, FL.



No. 1156. Use of Home Computers: 1997

[In percent, except persons using computers (81,013 represents 81,013,000). As of October. Based on the Current Popula-tion Survey and subject to sampling error; see text, Section 1, Population, and Appendix lll]

Characteristic

Per-sonsusingcom-

puters(1,000)

Per-cent of

total

Frequency of use per week Computer capabilities 1

6 or 7days

4 or 5days

2 or 3days

1 dayor less

CD-ROMdrive Printer Modem Internet

Total 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81,013 30.3 23.4 20.1 32.6 24.0 71.3 85.5 71.1 52.1

Sex: Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41,260 31.6 27.1 20.1 30.6 22.2 72.1 85.5 71.7 52.9Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39,753 29.1 19.6 20.0 34.6 25.8 70.6 85.6 70.5 51.2

Age: Under 5 years old . . . . . . . . 1,675 8.5 12.2 16.3 38.1 33.5 71.9 83.3 74.5 53.85 to 9 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . 7,599 37.1 11.8 17.6 44.2 26.4 74.7 83.8 71.5 50.510 to 14 years old . . . . . . . . . . 9,500 48.7 21.1 21.8 38.0 19.1 75.5 87.9 70.6 50.315 to 19 years old . . . . . . . . . . 8,395 43.1 24.7 22.4 32.4 20.5 73.7 88.0 69.9 52.320 to 24 years old . . . . . . . . . . 4,975 28.5 28.3 20.2 28.9 22.6 69.5 83.4 69.8 53.025 to 29 years old . . . . . . . . . . 5,963 31.7 26.1 22.3 30.0 21.7 70.1 80.4 75.8 58.430 to 39 years old . . . . . . . . . . 15,393 35.8 24.2 20.6 32.0 23.2 71.9 84.5 72.8 53.540 to 49 years old . . . . . . . . . . 15,346 38.3 24.3 18.8 30.3 26.6 73.9 87.4 73.0 54.450 to 59 years old . . . . . . . . . . 7,679 28.5 26.6 19.8 28.0 25.7 66.5 86.2 67.6 50.760 to 69 years old . . . . . . . . . . 3,162 16.2 29.7 17.5 24.1 28.6 61.0 86.8 63.5 42.370 years old and over. . . . . . . . 1,327 5.9 29.4 17.8 25.4 27.5 59.0 86.1 60.4 38.6

Race/ethnicity:White, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . 68,026 35.5 23.5 20.2 32.1 24.3 72.4 87.1 72.8 53.7Black, non-Hispanic . . . . . . . . . 4,943 14.7 20.8 20.5 37.6 21.2 58.2 75.2 57.7 40.3Hispanic. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4,081 13.5 23.3 17.3 36.4 23.1 69.1 78.2 60.8 44.4

Family income: Less than $5,000. . 1,517 13.3 31.1 16.7 26.8 25.3 63.2 81.9 66.2 44.6$5,000 to $9,999 . . . . . . . . . . . 1,575 8.1 24.8 19.6 29.4 26.1 59.6 81.0 56.7 40.5$10,000 to $14,999 . . . . . . . . . 2,197 9.7 26.2 17.7 31.4 24.8 55.9 74.5 54.7 38.7$15,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . . . . 2,084 12.0 25.9 20.4 29.9 23.8 60.5 77.8 60.0 42.7$20,000 to $24,999 . . . . . . . . . 3,645 17.1 25.1 18.9 31.4 24.5 59.9 80.9 58.1 38.8$25,000 to $29,999 . . . . . . . . . 4,174 21.0 23.3 19.3 33.3 24.1 62.2 77.6 61.0 42.0$30,000 to $34,999 . . . . . . . . . 5,003 25.7 22.5 20.5 32.9 24.1 66.4 82.6 64.1 43.7$35,000 to $39,999 . . . . . . . . . 5,367 29.1 22.7 18.5 34.1 24.7 65.9 84.3 66.3 46.1$40,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . 9,627 35.4 22.2 19.5 33.3 25.1 68.2 86.0 67.6 46.4$50,000 to $74,999 . . . . . . . . . 21,685 44.6 22.1 20.2 32.5 25.1 73.9 87.2 74.3 53.9$75,000 and over. . . . . . . . . . . 24,138 58.0 24.1 21.1 32.8 22.0 80.9 89.8 81.1 64.5

1 For the most recently purchased computers for those with more than one. 2 Includes other races, not shown separately.Source: U.S. National Center for Education Statistics, Digest of Education Statistics, 1999.

No. 1157. Internet Access and Usage and Online Service Usage: 2000

[199,438 represents 199,438,000. As of spring. For persons 18 years old and over. Based on sample and subject to samplingerror; see source for details]

Item

Totaladults

Anyonline/

Internetusage

Have Internet access Used the Internetin the last 30 days

Usedany

onlineservice

in thepast 30

daysHome

or workHome

onlyWorkonly

Homeor work

Homeonly

Workonly

Total adults (1,000). . . . . . . . . . . 199,438 90,458 112,949 77,621 50,476 86,289 65,471 40,449 75,409

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

Age:18 to 34 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.5 39.7 37.9 35.1 34.9 39.8 36.6 34.6 40.335 to 54 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . 39.9 47.7 46.0 49.4 55.4 47.7 49.6 56.3 47.455 years old and over . . . . . . . . . 27.6 12.7 16.2 15.5 9.7 12.5 13.8 9.1 12.3

Sex:Male . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48.0 49.8 48.5 49.3 52.3 49.8 50.1 52.7 49.3Female . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52.0 50.2 51.5 50.7 47.7 50.2 49.9 47.3 50.7

Household size:1 to 2 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47.9 40.2 41.0 37.9 41.8 40.4 39.0 42.6 39.53 to 4 persons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36.9 44.4 43.3 45.9 44.6 44.3 45.6 44.4 44.55 or more persons . . . . . . . . . . . . 15.2 15.4 15.7 16.2 13.6 15.3 15.4 13.0 16.1Any child in household . . . . . . . . . 42.1 47.7 47.0 48.7 48.0 47.3 48.3 46.7 47.9

Marital status:Single . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23.7 27.5 26.0 23.4 22.6 27.7 24.5 23.3 28.4Married . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.2 61.6 61.1 66.2 65.3 61.4 65.7 65.1 60.6Other . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19.1 10.9 12.9 10.3 12.0 10.9 9.7 11.6 10.9

Educational attainment:Graduated college plus. . . . . . . . . 22.5 38.0 33.6 38.6 49.2 38.8 41.6 53.1 37.8Attended college . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26.5 34.8 33.7 34.0 30.6 35.0 34.4 30.2 35.0Did not attend college . . . . . . . . . 51.0 27.2 32.8 27.3 20.3 26.2 24.1 16.7 27.2

Household income:Less than $50,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.1 33.6 38.3 29.9 23.3 32.9 28.4 20.8 32.9$50,000 to $74,999 . . . . . . . . . . . 20.7 26.2 25.7 26.9 27.4 26.2 26.5 26.8 26.0$75,000 to $149,999 . . . . . . . . . . 20.1 32.6 29.4 34.7 39.6 33.1 36.4 41.8 33.1$150,000 or more . . . . . . . . . . . . 4.1 7.6 6.7 8.5 9.7 7.8 8.7 10.7 8.0

Source: Mediamark Research Inc., New York, NY, CyberStats, spring 2000 (copyright). Internet site <http://www.mediamark.com> (accessed 23 May 2000).



No. 1158. Households With Computers and Internet Access by SelectedCharacteristic: 2000

[In percent. Based on survey and subject to sampling error; for details, see source]

CharacteristicHouseholds with computers Households with Internet

Total Rural 1 Urban 1Central

city 1 Total Rural 1 Urban 1Central

city 1

All households, 2000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51.0 49.6 51.5 46.3 41.5 38.9 42.3 37.7Age of householder:

Under 25 years old . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43.8 38.8 44.8 42.8 35.7 29.8 36.9 35.525 to 34 years old. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57.0 54.9 57.5 54.2 47.5 42.5 48.7 46.435 to 44 years old. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64.1 64.0 64.1 56.7 52.3 50.9 52.7 46.245 to 54 years old. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62.7 61.4 63.2 55.8 51.9 49.6 52.7 45.455 years old or over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.7 32.6 34.0 29.4 26.0 24.6 26.5 22.2

Householder race/ethnicity:White 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55.7 51.8 57.3 55.5 46.1 40.9 48.3 47.1Black 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32.6 27.5 33.3 28.7 23.5 19.9 24.0 20.1Asian, Indian, Eskimo, Aleut 2 . . . . . . . . . . . 35.5 31.6 38.6 335.1 25.0 319.6 29.3 327.0Asian or Pacific Islander 2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65.6 370.3 65.3 61.1 56.8 362.1 56.6 53.0Hispanic . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33.7 28.8 34.2 31.1 23.6 19.9 23.9 21.5

Household type:Married couple with children under 18. . . . . . 73.2 73.3 73.2 65.9 60.6 58.3 61.5 55.1Male householder with children under 18. . . . 45.6 43.3 46.3 43.1 35.7 30.3 37.4 35.3Female householder with children under 18 . . 42.9 41.6 43.2 34.9 30.0 31.2 29.7 22.8Family households without children . . . . . . . 52.5 48.0 54.4 48.9 43.2 37.7 45.5 41.0Nonfamily households . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.6 26.2 36.5 37.9 28.1 20.2 29.9 30.8

Education of householder:Elementary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12.8 10.5 13.7 15.8 7.2 6.1 7.6 8.4Some high school . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.9 24.6 20.9 17.4 14.8 16.5 14.2 11.9High school graduate of GED . . . . . . . . . . . 39.6 42.6 38.3 33.2 29.9 31.0 29.8 25.7Some college . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60.3 62.9 59.5 53.7 49.0 50.0 48.7 43.6BA degree or more . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75.7 77.8 75.3 72.2 66.0 67.7 65.7 62.3

Household income:Under $5,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21.8 16.0 23.6 23.7 16.0 13.1 16.8 17.0$5,000 to $9,000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14.6 13.0 15.1 14.7 9.3 9.0 9.4 9.5$10,000 to $14,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.0 20.7 22.4 22.8 14.2 12.5 14.8 15.4$15,000 to $19,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28.4 28.3 28.4 29.0 19.2 19.1 19.3 19.2$20,000 to $24,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31.4 29.4 32.1 30.6 22.9 21.2 23.5 22.0$25,000 to $34,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44.6 43.3 45.1 44.2 34.0 31.5 34.9 34.6$35,000 to $49,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58.6 58.1 58.8 57.1 46.1 41.8 47.8 46.0$50,000 to $74,999 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73.2 72.7 73.4 70.7 60.9 59.5 61.4 60.1$75,000 and over . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86.3 86.8 86.2 83.7 77.7 76.6 78.0 76.1

1 See text, Section 1, Population, and Appendix ll. 2 Non-Hispanic. 3 Figure does not meet standards of reliability orprecision.

Source: U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, Falling Through the Net:Defining the Digital Divide, July 1999 and October 2000.

No. 1159. Households With Computers and Internet Access: 1998 and 2000[In percent. Based on survey and subject to sampling error; for details, see source]

State1998 2000

Com-puters

Internetaccess

Com-puters

Internetaccess

U.S.. . . . . 42.1 26.2 51.0 41.5AL . . . . . . . . . 34.3 21.6 44.2 35.5AK . . . . . . . . . 62.4 44.1 64.8 55.6AZ . . . . . . . . . 44.3 29.3 53.5 42.5AR . . . . . . . . . 29.8 14.7 37.3 26.5CA . . . . . . . . . 47.5 30.7 56.6 46.7

CO. . . . . . . . . 55.3 34.5 62.6 51.8CT . . . . . . . . . 43.8 31.8 60.4 51.2DE . . . . . . . . . 40.5 25.1 58.6 50.7DC. . . . . . . . . 41.4 24.2 48.8 39.6FL . . . . . . . . . 39.5 27.8 50.1 43.2

GA. . . . . . . . . 35.8 23.9 47.1 38.3HI . . . . . . . . . 42.3 27.9 52.4 43.0ID . . . . . . . . . 50.0 27.4 54.5 42.3IL. . . . . . . . . . 42.7 26.5 50.2 40.1IN . . . . . . . . . 43.5 26.1 48.8 39.4

IA . . . . . . . . . 41.4 21.8 53.6 39.0KS . . . . . . . . . 43.7 25.7 55.8 43.9KY . . . . . . . . . 35.9 21.1 46.2 36.6LA . . . . . . . . . 31.1 17.8 41.2 30.2ME. . . . . . . . . 43.4 26.0 54.7 42.6

MD. . . . . . . . . 46.3 31.0 53.7 43.8MA. . . . . . . . . 43.4 28.1 53.0 45.5MI . . . . . . . . . 44.0 25.4 51.5 42.1MN. . . . . . . . . 47.6 29.0 57.0 43.0MS. . . . . . . . . 25.7 13.6 37.2 26.3

State1998 2000

Com-puters

Internetaccess

Com-puters

Internetaccess

MO . . . . . . . . 41.8 24.3 52.6 42.5MT. . . . . . . . . 40.9 21.5 51.5 40.6NE . . . . . . . . . 42.9 22.9 48.5 37.0NV . . . . . . . . . 41.6 26.5 48.8 41.0NH. . . . . . . . . 54.2 37.1 63.7 56.0

NJ . . . . . . . . . 48.1 31.3 54.3 47.8NM. . . . . . . . . 42.2 25.8 47.6 35.7NY . . . . . . . . . 37.3 23.7 48.7 39.8NC. . . . . . . . . 35.0 19.9 45.3 35.3ND. . . . . . . . . 40.2 20.6 47.5 37.7

OH. . . . . . . . . 40.7 24.6 49.5 40.7OK. . . . . . . . . 37.8 20.4 41.5 34.3OR. . . . . . . . . 51.3 32.7 61.1 50.8PA . . . . . . . . . 39.3 24.9 48.4 40.1RI . . . . . . . . . 41.0 27.1 47.9 38.8

SC . . . . . . . . . 35.7 21.4 43.3 32.0SD . . . . . . . . . 41.6 23.9 50.4 37.9TN . . . . . . . . . 37.5 21.3 45.7 36.3TX . . . . . . . . . 40.9 24.5 47.9 38.3UT . . . . . . . . . 60.1 35.8 66.1 48.4

VT . . . . . . . . . 48.7 31.8 53.7 46.7VA . . . . . . . . . 46.4 27.9 53.9 44.3WA . . . . . . . . 56.3 36.6 60.7 49.7WV . . . . . . . . 28.3 17.6 42.8 34.3WI . . . . . . . . . 43.0 25.1 50.9 40.6WY . . . . . . . . 46.1 22.7 58.2 44.1

Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, National Telecommunications and Information Administration, Falling through the Net:Defining the Digital Divide, July 1999 and October 2000.



section 24. information and communications

Documents