sea perch institute: mini lecture #2 engineering design cycle mit sea grant – sea perch...
DESCRIPTION
Design Process / Design Cycle MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer What is the Design Process?: an algorithm or series of steps that lead to the development of a new product or system Who uses it: typically engineers and industrial designers – but great for anyone trying to create something / solve an open ended problem What is the purpose: formula for thinking creatively about a problem and producing a successful result.TRANSCRIPT
Sea Perch Institute: Mini Lecture #2
Engineering Design Cycle
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
What is Design?
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
Design: the process of formalizing an idea into tangible information, usually in the context of solving open ended challenges for specific situations and/or needs
Engineering Design: application of scientific concepts, mathematics, and creativity to envision a structure, a machine, system, or artifact that performs a pre-specified function
Design Process / Design Cycle
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
What is the Design Process?: an algorithm or series of steps that lead to the development of a new product or system
Who uses it: typically engineers and industrial designers – but great for anyone trying to create something / solve an open ended problem
What is the purpose: formula for thinking creatively about a problem and producing a successful result.
Design Process: Steps
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
1) Identify Challenge: define problem or challenge
2) Gather information: research topic and gather insight
3) Ideate: generate and refine ideas 4) Experiment: prototype and test
ideas 5) Evolution: evaluate and redesign
Design Process
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
Design Process: Example
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
A ship has sunk in Boston Harbor, it may have been carrying dangerous cargo. Your team has been asked to mitigate this disaster.
1) Identify Challenge: define problem or challenge
2) Gather information: research topic and gather insight
3) Ideate: generate and refine ideas 4) Experiment: prototype and test ideas 5) Evolve: evaluate and redesign
IDEATION
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
Ideation
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
What is ideation? (idea generation) is the creative process of generating, developing, and communicating new ideas
Goal of this step: generate ideas refine ideas
Idea Generation: The Process
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
Materials: pens, markers, paper, whiteboards, objects for inspiration, etc.
Personnel: Moderator: will help present ideas,
enforce rules and keep participants on track
Participants: will generate ideas either individually or as a group
Idea Generation: Background
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
Brainstorming: coined by Alex Osborn (1939) as method of creative problem solving.
Rules Focus on quantity Withhold criticism Welcome unusual ideas Combine and improve ideas
Ideas per Minute (per Person)
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
Quantity not quality!!!!!!
Aim for >1.0 ipm (pp)
Idea Sketching
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
Quick and clear Draw BIG Label Brief Pitch
STEP 1: IDEA GENERATION
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
Idea Generation
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
Idea Generation Techniques Brainstorming Brainwriting Mindmaping SCAMPER Reversal
Brainstorming
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
How it works: enables people to use each other's ideas to trigger their own thinking.
Process: Define Problems: moderator writes problem statement
on board and reads it to the participants Generate Ideas: individuals generate ideas and
announce them out loud as they come (these can be accompanied by pictorial representations)
Share Ideas: moderator writes ideas on the board or posts drawings on the board as they are announced
Repeat: ideas are generated and shared until a specific criteria is reached (time limit, number of ideas, etc.)
Brainstorming: Example
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
Problem: How to reduce road accidents Jim: Less cars Joan: Less people Jill: Teach people to be careful Jack: Teach drivers to be careful Jim: Make drivers more careful Jill: Put dead people in the road Jennifer: Put policemen at every junction Jack: Put cameras at every junction Joan: Put cameras in every car
Brainstorming: Practice
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
(verbal) What are the challenges of marine vehicles fabrication and use?
(pictorial) How do I pick up something on the bottom of the ocean?
Brainwriting:
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
How it works: enables people who are concerned about publicly voicing ideas to do so anonymously. Like brainstorming allows ideas to trigger new ones.
Process: Define individual problems: each participant receives or
writes a problem on a sheet of paper Generate Ideas: Each participant generates ideas and writes
them on that sheet Pass Sheet Along: after a specified time or number of ideas
the paper is passed on to another participant who then reads the problem and ideas and contributes their own
Repeat: repeat until finished (specified time, certain number of ideas, once around the classroom, etc.)
Brainwriting: Practice
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
Write down a specific challenge or problem you encounter in the classroom (preferably specific to hands on or open ended activities).
Mind Map / Association Map
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
How it works: organizes ideas into a hierarchy helping show how ideas are connected and allowing the ability to work from a broad prompt to small details.
Process: Main subject: identify the main topic or problem and write it in the
center of the board Primary-branches: Identify words to describe first-level branches
from the main subject. Write these around the main subject and draw lines connecting them to the main subject.
Sub-branches: focus on primary branches and identify words to describe aspects of these branches. Write these around the primary branches and draw lines connecting them to the main subject.
Repeat: continues working to more and more detailed branches until finished (specified time, certain number of ideas, once around the classroom, etc.)
Mind Map: Example
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
subject: underwater vehicle
Underwater Vehicle
thrustbuoyancy
electricity
control
frame
sensors
battery
waterproofOnboard
vs. tethered
human autonomo
us
flotation
ballast
propeller
motor
pitch
material
rpm
diameter
Mind Map: Practice
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
Subject: mitigation of an underwater oil spill
SCAMPER
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
How it works: list of words that help you think differently about the problem. Useful when you seem to have run out of ideas with other techniques.
Process: Substitute: What can you substitute? Instead of ___ I can__ Combine: What can you bring together? Combine purposes, combine
materials, combine ideas…. Adapt: What can you adapt to use for a solution? What could I copy, who
could I emulate? Modify/Magnify/Minimize: Can you change the item in some way? Change
meaning, color, motion, sound, smell, form, shape, magnify, minimize? Put to other uses: How can you put the thing to different or other uses? I
can re-use ... in this way ... by … Eliminate: What can you eliminate? Eliminate waste? Reduce time? Reduce
effort? Cut costs? Reverse/Rearrange: What can be rearranged in some way? Other layout?
Other sequence? Transpose cause and effect? Change pace? Change schedule?
SCAMPER: Example
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
Substitute – vegetarian hotdogs Combine – musical greeting cards Adapt – snow tires Modify – scented crayons Magnify- super sized french fries Minimize – bite sized candy Put to other uses – coffee can as pencil holder Eliminate – wireless mouse Reverse – reversible clothing Rearrange – vertical stapler
SCAMPER - Substitute
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
Underwater Vehicle
thrustbuoyancy
Electricity
control
frame
sensors
battery
solar
wind
waterproofOnboard
vs. tethered
human autonomo
us
flotation
ballast
propeller
motor
pitch
material
rpm
diameter
Ocean waves
Power
movement
gravity
tow current
sail
SCAMPER - Combine
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
Underwater Vehicle
thrustbuoyancy
Power
control
frame
sensors
battery
waterproofOnboard
vs. tethered
human autonomo
us
flotation
ballast
propeller
motor
pitch
material
rpm
diameter
battery
solar
wind
Ocean waves
Solar or wind charged battery
Semi autonomous
SCAMPER: Practice
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
Idea: Sea Perch ROV Substitute Combine Adapt Modify Magnify Minimize Put to other uses Eliminate Reverse Rearrange
Reversal
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
How it works: allow you to identify new ideas by changing your view of the problem or challenge.
Process: Identify Challenge: identify the challenge or a
specific element you wish to focus on. Reversal: Reverse the challenge or element by
thinking of how to solve the opposite problem. Generate Ideas: use brainstorming or other
ideation techniques to generate ideas for this new situation
Reversal: Example
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
Problem: Mitigate an underwater oil spill
Reversal: cause an underwater oil spill
STEP 2: REFINING IDEAS
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
Refining Ideas
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
Idea Refining Techniques Sticky note method Pugh chart
Sticky Note Selection
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
How it works: allows you to move from having many ideas to a few you can evaluate
Process Each group member gets 3
sticky notes Without discussion each
member places their sticky notes on the three ideas they like best / think will be most successful
Pugh Chart
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer
How it works: allows you to identify and asses ideas based on measurable criteria.
Process: Chose Criteria: criteria are chosen that are determined
as important in developing the solution (time, cost, complexity, tools needed, materials, aesthetics, etc.)
Draw Grid: columns are made for each idea, rows are made for each criteria.
Bench Mark: Pick one idea as bench mark and mark S in that column.
Compare: compare each idea to one the chosen benchmark and determine if it is less than (-) or greater than (+) the benchmark in each criteria.
Baseline
Pugh Cart: Example
MIT Sea Grant – Sea Perch Institute Mini Lecture Kathryn Shroyer