Scotland FactsScotland Facts

By Cole

MapMapScotland is 30,414 square miles and the population is Around 5.2 million!

The largest city is Glasgow and the capital is Edinburgh

(Scotland’s (Scotland’s Here!!)Here!!)

A Couple Of LandmarksA Couple Of LandmarksEdinburgh Castle is by far the most popular castle visited. It is a majestic landmark which dominates the capital city's skyline. It is perched on an extinct volcano and is part of Edinburgh's World Heritage site. Human habitation of the site is dated back as far as the 9th century. As with most castles, Edinburgh's fortress has been a centre of military activity.

The stunning Culzean Castle is the masterpiece of Robert Adams, and is associated with the turbulent history of the Clan Kennedy. For a castle with a difference, there's the Kinnaird Head Castle Lighthouse on a headland to the north of Fraserburgh, Aberdeenshire. The lighthouse was created from the existing 16th-century Kinnaird Castle and overlooks Fraserburgh Harbour.

The Loch Insh Water sports The Loch Insh Water sports Centre is situated in fourteen Centre is situated in fourteen acres of woodland beside acres of woodland beside seven hundred acres of seven hundred acres of beautiful Highland lochbeautiful Highland loch.. It was It was opened in 1969 and offers opened in 1969 and offers sailing, canoeing, kayaking, sailing, canoeing, kayaking, skiing, fishing, rowing, biking, skiing, fishing, rowing, biking, archery, rafting and walking. archery, rafting and walking. The Landmark Forest Theme The Landmark Forest Theme Park is situated at Carrbridge, Park is situated at Carrbridge, twenty-three miles south of twenty-three miles south of Inverness. It covers thirty Inverness. It covers thirty acres and is a great, fun place acres and is a great, fun place for children and adults to enjoy for children and adults to enjoy outdoor activities and rides outdoor activities and rides such as the Falcon slide!such as the Falcon slide!

Outdoor ActivitesOutdoor Activites

MoneyMoney The currency in money is The currency in money is

Pound sterling (GBP)Pound sterling (GBP)

Other FactsOther Facts

Lowest point:Lowest point:Bed of Loch Morar, Scotland Bed of Loch Morar, Scotland 987 ft (300 m) below sea level987 ft (300 m) below sea level

Longest river:Longest river:Tay 193 kilometres (120 Tay 193 kilometres (120 miles ) longmiles ) long

Largest Lake:Largest Lake:Loch Lomond (60 sq km) Loch Lomond (60 sq km) 40 km (24 miles) long 40 km (24 miles) long

Official Animal:Official Animal:UnicornUnicorn

Burns an a' that Burns an a' that

The traditional Burns Supper, Hogmanay and St The traditional Burns Supper, Hogmanay and St Andrews Day celebrations are still very much a part of Andrews Day celebrations are still very much a part of Scottish life but the Scots are now joined on these Scottish life but the Scots are now joined on these special days by Scot-o-philes across the globe. "Auld special days by Scot-o-philes across the globe. "Auld Lang Syne", a traditional Scottish song first written Lang Syne", a traditional Scottish song first written down by Burns, is the second most popular song in the down by Burns, is the second most popular song in the world after "Happy Birthday" which goes to show how world after "Happy Birthday" which goes to show how popular a New Year celebration has become.popular a New Year celebration has become.

A Tradtion

Food And DrinksFood And Drinks

FoodFood

Bannocks (or Oatcakes)Bannocks (or Oatcakes) A barley and oat-flour biscuit baked on a A barley and oat-flour biscuit baked on a

gridle. In modern times bannocks are often gridle. In modern times bannocks are often eaten with cheese. There are several eaten with cheese. There are several traditional recipes and many traditional recipes and many manufacturers in Scotland today. manufacturers in Scotland today.

Arbroath SmokieArbroath Smokie A wood-smoked haddock still produced in A wood-smoked haddock still produced in

small family smoke-houses in the East coast small family smoke-houses in the East coast fishing town of Arbroath. fishing town of Arbroath.

Black BunBlack Bun Black Bun is a very rich fruit cake, made Black Bun is a very rich fruit cake, made

with raisins, currants, finely-chopped peel, with raisins, currants, finely-chopped peel, chopped almonds and brown sugar with the chopped almonds and brown sugar with the addition of cinnamon and ginger. It takes its addition of cinnamon and ginger. It takes its name from the very dark colour. name from the very dark colour.

Scotch Broth or Hotch-PotchScotch Broth or Hotch-Potch A rich stock is traditionally made by boiling A rich stock is traditionally made by boiling

mutton (the neck is best), beef, marrow-bone or mutton (the neck is best), beef, marrow-bone or chicken (for a chicken broth). There is also chicken (for a chicken broth). There is also freedom over the choice of vegetables, which freedom over the choice of vegetables, which should be diced. Carrots, garden peas, leeks, should be diced. Carrots, garden peas, leeks, cabbage, turnips and a stick of celery can all be cabbage, turnips and a stick of celery can all be used. The hard vegetables should be added first used. The hard vegetables should be added first to the boiling stock, with a handful of barley, with to the boiling stock, with a handful of barley, with the softer vegetables being added later. The the softer vegetables being added later. The final consistency should be thick and served final consistency should be thick and served piping hot. piping hot.

Scottish BeefScottish Beef The Aberdeen-Angus breed of beef cattle are now The Aberdeen-Angus breed of beef cattle are now

widely reared across the world. Reknown for their widely reared across the world. Reknown for their rich and tasty meat, which makes excellent steaks. rich and tasty meat, which makes excellent steaks. Good butchers will still hang and prepare meat in Good butchers will still hang and prepare meat in the traditional manner, although these butchers the traditional manner, although these butchers are rare these days and people often complain are rare these days and people often complain that even Scotch Beef has lost its taste. that even Scotch Beef has lost its taste.

ColcannonColcannon A dish found in the Western Islands of A dish found in the Western Islands of

Scotland and also in Ireland. It is made from Scotland and also in Ireland. It is made from boiled cabbage, carrots, turnip and boiled cabbage, carrots, turnip and potatoes. This mixture is then drained and potatoes. This mixture is then drained and stewed for about 20 minutes in a pan with stewed for about 20 minutes in a pan with some butter, seasoned with salt and pepper some butter, seasoned with salt and pepper and served hot. and served hot.

CrowdieCrowdie A simple white cheese, made from the whey A simple white cheese, made from the whey

of slightly soured milk seasoned with salt of slightly soured milk seasoned with salt and a touch of pepper. The seasoned whey and a touch of pepper. The seasoned whey is squeezed in a muslin bag to remove is squeezed in a muslin bag to remove excess water, left aside for two days and excess water, left aside for two days and then rolled in oats and served. then rolled in oats and served.

Scottish SalmonScottish Salmon The Rivers Tay and Tweed are major salmon fisheries. The Rivers Tay and Tweed are major salmon fisheries.

Since victorian times these and other rivers have hosted Since victorian times these and other rivers have hosted wealthy fishing parties on the estates of the aristocracy. wealthy fishing parties on the estates of the aristocracy. There is much more information on fishing on the River There is much more information on fishing on the River Tweed. Poaching (illegally catching) salmon is an equally Tweed. Poaching (illegally catching) salmon is an equally traditional activity. In recent times, many major fish farms traditional activity. In recent times, many major fish farms have been established in the Sea Lochs on the West coast have been established in the Sea Lochs on the West coast of Scotland. These are major commercial sources of fish, of Scotland. These are major commercial sources of fish, although the quality is not considered to be the same as although the quality is not considered to be the same as wild river-caught salmon. wild river-caught salmon.

Today the salmon tends to be smoked, and thinly sliced, Today the salmon tends to be smoked, and thinly sliced, served as an entrée. served as an entrée.

HaggisHaggis Haggis is perhaps the best known Scottish delicacy, and it is Haggis is perhaps the best known Scottish delicacy, and it is

wonderful stuff, with a rich flavour. Haggis is made from wonderful stuff, with a rich flavour. Haggis is made from sheep's offal (or pluck). The windpipe, lungs, heart and liver sheep's offal (or pluck). The windpipe, lungs, heart and liver of the sheep are boiled and then minced. This is mixed with of the sheep are boiled and then minced. This is mixed with beef suet and lightly toasted oatmeal. This mixture is placed beef suet and lightly toasted oatmeal. This mixture is placed inside the sheep's stomach, which is sewn closed. The inside the sheep's stomach, which is sewn closed. The resulting haggis is traditionally cooked by further boiling (for resulting haggis is traditionally cooked by further boiling (for up to three hours) although the part-cooked haggis can be up to three hours) although the part-cooked haggis can be cooked in the oven which prevents the risk of bursting and cooked in the oven which prevents the risk of bursting and spoiling. Perhaps the best known maker of haggis is the spoiling. Perhaps the best known maker of haggis is the Edinburgh company of Charles MacSween & Son (now Edinburgh company of Charles MacSween & Son (now relocated to out of the city). Their haggis is widely available relocated to out of the city). Their haggis is widely available in the U.K. and they will happily ship it overseas, although in the U.K. and they will happily ship it overseas, although note that the strict agriculture regulations preclude importing note that the strict agriculture regulations preclude importing haggis into the U.S. haggis into the U.S.

Scotch PiesScotch Pies A round crusty pastry pie, approximately 10cm (4") in size. A round crusty pastry pie, approximately 10cm (4") in size.

Made without using a pie tin, these self-contained pies are Made without using a pie tin, these self-contained pies are filled with minced meat, although the much of the meat is filled with minced meat, although the much of the meat is often replaced with offal. The tradition is that this meat is often replaced with offal. The tradition is that this meat is mutton, although in modern times beef is almost always mutton, although in modern times beef is almost always used. A variation of the theme may contain onion in used. A variation of the theme may contain onion in addition to the beef. Differentiating between the ordinary addition to the beef. Differentiating between the ordinary pie and the onion variety was tradiationally made easier by pie and the onion variety was tradiationally made easier by the number of holes in the top; one for plain, two for onion. the number of holes in the top; one for plain, two for onion. This distinction is sometimes also used for Forfar bridies. This distinction is sometimes also used for Forfar bridies. Perhaps the best known maker was Wallace's Pie Shop in Perhaps the best known maker was Wallace's Pie Shop in Dundee. Dundee.

PorridgePorridge A simple dish, made of boiled oatmeal. It needs to be boiled slowly and A simple dish, made of boiled oatmeal. It needs to be boiled slowly and

stirred continuously with the traditional stirred continuously with the traditional spirtlespirtle - a wooden stick which is - a wooden stick which is about 30cm (or 12") long - to avoid the formation of lumps! Porridge about 30cm (or 12") long - to avoid the formation of lumps! Porridge should be thick and wholesome, not thin like gruel. It has remarkable should be thick and wholesome, not thin like gruel. It has remarkable properties for preventing hunger. Today it is often eaten for breakfast, properties for preventing hunger. Today it is often eaten for breakfast, with the addition of milk, and a small plate keeps you feeling full until with the addition of milk, and a small plate keeps you feeling full until lunchtime. lunchtime.

Traditionally crofters in the Highlands of Scotland would make a large Traditionally crofters in the Highlands of Scotland would make a large pot of porridge at the beginning of the week. Once allowed to cool, it pot of porridge at the beginning of the week. Once allowed to cool, it would be cut into slices, and the crofter would places a slice in his would be cut into slices, and the crofter would places a slice in his pocket eack day for lunch. pocket eack day for lunch.

Porridge must be cooked with Porridge must be cooked with saltsalt to obtain the correct flavour. Those to obtain the correct flavour. Those eating porridge outside Scotland have been know to cook it without salt eating porridge outside Scotland have been know to cook it without salt and indeed eat it with sugar or even syrup, which is a habit which and indeed eat it with sugar or even syrup, which is a habit which would turn the stomach of any Scotsman (or Scots-woman). would turn the stomach of any Scotsman (or Scots-woman).

Stovied Tatties (or Stovies)Stovied Tatties (or Stovies) Stovies are a potato-based dish, designed to use up left over meat and Stovies are a potato-based dish, designed to use up left over meat and

vegetables. Several onions should be cut into small pieces and fried in vegetables. Several onions should be cut into small pieces and fried in a good amount of beef dripping (fat from the cooked meat) in a large a good amount of beef dripping (fat from the cooked meat) in a large pot. Scraps of meat and left-over vegetables (usually carrots and peas) pot. Scraps of meat and left-over vegetables (usually carrots and peas) are then added to the frying onions. are then added to the frying onions.

Six to eight good sized potatoes are peeled and cut into 3cm (1.5") Six to eight good sized potatoes are peeled and cut into 3cm (1.5") pieces. Approximately 2.5cm (1") of water is added to the pan pieces. Approximately 2.5cm (1") of water is added to the pan containing the fried onion mixture and the potato pieces are added to containing the fried onion mixture and the potato pieces are added to this, seasoned with salt and then left to simmer until the potatoes are this, seasoned with salt and then left to simmer until the potatoes are soft. More water is added only if the pan is likely to become dry. soft. More water is added only if the pan is likely to become dry.

The resulting stovies should have the consistency of mashed potatoes, The resulting stovies should have the consistency of mashed potatoes, but the potato pieces should still be detectable. Modern cooks would but the potato pieces should still be detectable. Modern cooks would add a beef stock cube to the mixture prior to simmering. add a beef stock cube to the mixture prior to simmering.

DrinksDrinks

Hot ToddyHot Toddy Place a teaspoon-full of sugar and a Place a teaspoon-full of sugar and a

teaspoon-full of scottish heather honey in a teaspoon-full of scottish heather honey in a warm glass. Add a measure of scotch warm glass. Add a measure of scotch whisky (usually not a malt) and top up with whisky (usually not a malt) and top up with boiling water. Traditionally should be stirred boiling water. Traditionally should be stirred gently with a silver spoon. gently with a silver spoon.

An excellent cure for the common cold, or An excellent cure for the common cold, or just when feeling down! just when feeling down!

Scotch WhiskyScotch Whisky Scotch Whisky (or simply "Scotch") is certainly the best known Scottish Scotch Whisky (or simply "Scotch") is certainly the best known Scottish

drink. Scotch Whisky (only the Irish and American varieties are spelled with drink. Scotch Whisky (only the Irish and American varieties are spelled with an "e") is distilled from a barley liquor and flavoured with peat tainted water. an "e") is distilled from a barley liquor and flavoured with peat tainted water. Known as the Known as the Water of LifeWater of Life or or Uisge-BeathaUisge-Beatha in Gaelic. The are two basic in Gaelic. The are two basic classes of whisky: classes of whisky:

Malt Whisky - more expensive, this is the product of a single distillery. Malt Whisky - more expensive, this is the product of a single distillery. Blended Whisky - cheaper and more popular, this comes from several Blended Whisky - cheaper and more popular, this comes from several

distilleries and is mixed, often with some proportion of industrial spirit, to distilleries and is mixed, often with some proportion of industrial spirit, to give a standard flavour. give a standard flavour.

The whisky-producing areas of Scotland include some of the most beautiful The whisky-producing areas of Scotland include some of the most beautiful areas of the country. The most notable areas are along the River Spey, in areas of the country. The most notable areas are along the River Spey, in the Highlands, west of Aberdeen and on the island of Islay, off the west the Highlands, west of Aberdeen and on the island of Islay, off the west coast. Many of the distilleries lie along "Whisky Trails" and welcome visitors. coast. Many of the distilleries lie along "Whisky Trails" and welcome visitors. These tend to offer free guided tours and exhibitions and, inevitably, a These tend to offer free guided tours and exhibitions and, inevitably, a tasting of their product. tasting of their product.

Websites I usedWebsites I used

http://www.scotlandinfo.eu/ http://www.scotlandinfo.eu/ http://scotland.org/ http://scotland.org/

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