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Science 10 Safety
Name: Date: Block:
Safety Rules for the Science Lab
DRESS CODE 1. To protect your eyes from possible injury, wear safety goggles whenever you are
working with chemicals, burners, or any substance that might get into your eyes. Never wear contact lenses in the lab.
2. Tie back long hair to keep it away from any chemicals, burners, and candles, or any other lab equipment.
3. Remove or tie back any article of clothing or jewelry that can hang down and touch chemicals and flames. Open shoes or sandals should not be worn in the lab.
GENERAL SAFETY RULES 4. Learn the location of all safety equipment, such as: safety goggles, fire
extinguisher, fire blanket, fire alarm, eyewash fountains and showers. Learn when and how to use them.
5. Read all directions for an experiment several times and follow the directions exactly as written. If you are in doubt about any part of the experiment, ask your teacher for help.
6. Never perform activities that are not authorized by your teacher. Obtain permission before “experimenting” on your own.
7. Never carry hot equipment or dangerous chemicals through a crowd of students.
8. Never handle any equipment unless you have specific permission.
9. If you spill a chemical or material, immediately ask your teacher about the proper cleanup procedure.
10. Never eat or drink in the lab.
11. Always unplug electric cords by pulling on the plug, not the cord. Report damaged cords or outlets to your teacher.
12. Wash your hands with warm water and soap after each experiment.
HEATING SAFETY 13. Always wear safety goggles when using a heat source, such as a candle or
burner.
14. Never heat a chemical you are not instructed to heat. A chemical that is harmless when cool may be dangerous when heated.
15. Never heat a flammable liquid over a Bunsen burner (or other open flame).
16. Maintain a clean work area and keep all materials away from flames.
17. Always tie back long hair. Tie back or remove loose clothing.
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18. Make sure you know how to light a Bunsen burner. (Your teacher will demonstrate the proper procedure.) If the flame leaps out of a burner toward you, immediately turn off the gas at the bench valve. Do not touch the burner. It may be hot.
19. Never reach across a flame.
20. Never leave a lighted burner unattended! The flame of a lighted Bunsen burner often has little or no color and may be invisible. Other students passing by may be burned.
21. Always turn off the gas at the bench valve, not at the base of the Bunsen burner.
22. When heating a liquid in a test tube, treat it as a loaded gun. Always point the open end away from yourself and others, as hot chemicals may shoot out of the test tube during heating.
23. Never heat a liquid in a closed container. The expanding gases produced may blow the container apart, injuring you and others.
24. When heating materials in a test tube, make sure the test tube is made of Pyrex and it is not cracked. Keep moving the test tube through the flame so that it is heated evenly.
25. When heating a liquid in a test tube, heat the top of the liquid first by holding the test tube at an angle in the burner flame.
26. Before picking up a container that has been heated, first hold the back of your hand near it. If you feel heat on the back of your hand, the container may be too hot. Move hot containers with clamps or tongs.
27. If you receive a burn, immediately run cold water over the burned area. This removes the heat from the area and lessens the amount of damage done.
IF A FIRE OCCURS
28. Shut off all gas supplies at the bench valve. Notify your teacher immediately.
29. If the fire is not easily put out, or if poisonous gases are escaping, pull the fire alarm and leave the building quickly and quietly. Note: Most small fires are easily put out with water. They can also be smothered by using an upside-‐down container (such as a beaker) or sand. If the fire extinguisher is required, your teacher should be informed.
30. If a student’s clothing catches fire, make sure that the student immediately rolls on the floor to try to smother the flames. Then, get the fire blanket and wrap it around the student.
USING CHEMICALS SAFELY
31. Never mix chemicals for the “fun of it”. You might produce a dangerous, possibly explosive substance.
32. Never touch, taste, or smell a chemical unless you are instructed by your teacher to do so. Many chemicals are poisonous. If you are instructed to smell a chemical, gently waft (wave your hand over the opening of the container and move any fumes toward your nose). Do not place your nose close to the container and inhale.
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33. Use only those chemicals needed in the activity. Keep all lids closed when a chemical is not being used. Notify your teacher whenever chemicals are spilled.
34. Dispose of all chemicals as instructed by your teacher. When disposing a dissolved chemical in the sink, flush the sink well with water. Solid waste material must be disposed into a container provided, not into the sink.
35. Pour acids and bases very carefully (preferably over the sink). Notify your teacher if any acid spills. Clean up spilled chemicals as instructed by your teacher.
36. When diluting an acid, pour the acid into the water. Never pour water into the acid as the acid may begin to boil and spatter.
37. Wash any acid or other harmful chemical spilled on your skin or clothing with lots of water. If a harmful chemical gets into your eyes, wash them with water immediately and continuously for up to 10 minutes. Do not rub your eyes.
38. Never return unused chemicals to their original container unless instructed to do so. They may be contaminated.
USING GLASSWARE SAFELY
39. Never force glass tubing into a rubber stopper or rubber tubing. Wet the glass tubing and the rubber with water and then push the glass tubing using a turning motion.
40. After cutting glass tubing, fire-‐polish the cut ends to remove sharp edges.
41. Never use broken or chipped glassware. If glassware breaks, notify your teacher and dispose of the broken glass into a container provided for this purpose.
42. Never eat or drink from laboratory glassware.
43. Thoroughly clean glassware before putting it away. USING SHARP INSTRUMENTS
44. Handle scalpels or razor blades with extreme care. Never cut material toward yourself; cut away from yourself.
45. Immediately notify your teacher if you cut your skin when working in the lab. END-‐OF-‐EXPERIMENT RULES
46. Clean up your work area and return all equipment to its proper place.
47. Wash your hands after every experiment.
48. Turn off all burners or candles or hot plates. Double check that the gas valve to the burner is completely closed.
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Lab Safety Procedures in Case of Accident
Accident What I Think You Should Do What You ACTUALLY Should Do
Burn (by a hot object or by a chemical spill)
1. 2.
Chemical splash in the eye or face
1.
2. 3. 4.
Acid or base splash to the body
1.
2.
Equipment on fire
1.
2.
Clothing on fire 1.
2.
3. 4. 5.
Cut 1.
2. 3. 4.
Electric Shock 1.
2. 3.
4.
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LAB RULES – THE TEN COMMANDMENTS
1. No eating or drinking inside the laboratory.
2. Outside jackets and coats are not to be worn in the laboratory.
3. Students will be assigned to a lab group. Wandering from one lab station to another will not be permitted.
4. Do not leave a lighted Bunsen burner unattended.
5. Always wear proper safety equipment when participating in a lab.
6. Listen to all pre-‐lab instructions.
7. Read the lab procedures before, as well as during the lab.
8. Do not play with the equipment or the chemicals.
9. In case of accident, always report it to the teacher immediately.
10. Act safely and be considerate of other students at all times.
Circle all the safe lab activities shown in the following picture.
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Workplace Hazard Symbols (W.H.M.I.S.) W.H.M.I.S stands for __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________ __________________.
The purpose of WHMIS is to give ___________________ about potentially harmful _______________ that may be used on the ______.
Safety information found on a WHMIS label: name of ____________, _______ symbols, risks and ______________, supplier’s _________and _____________, a reference to the matching ________.
Symbol The symbol means… It means that the material… And that you should…
COMPRESSED GAS e.g. oxygen bottles, aerosol spray cans
• contents are under pressure and may explode if dropped or heated
• do not drop containers, secure them from falling
• keep containers away from sources of ignition
COMBUSTIBLE and FLAMMABLE MATERIAL e.g. gasoline, lacquer
thinner
• may form an explosive mixture with air
• may ignite easily when exposed to heat or flames
• guard against evaporation • keep the material away from
sources of ignition and oxidizing materials
OXIDIZING MATERIAL e.g. organic peroxides,
bleach
• may create a fire or explosion hazard in combination with other materials
• may burn skin and eyes on contact
• avoid contact with combustible materials
• keep away from sources of heat • avoid contact with skin or eyes
POISONOUS MATERIAL e.g. methanol, most
solvents
• can produce ill health effects after exposure through inhalation, swallowing or skin absorption
• avoid inhaling or contact with skin or eyes
• wash exposed skin immediately • never taste the material
OTHER TOXIC EFFECTS e.g. asbestos fibers
• may produce long term health effects after repeated exposures
• may produce delayed ill health effects after exposure
• avoid contact with skin or eyes; wash exposed skin thoroughly
• avoid inhaling • never taste the material
BIOHAZARDOUS INFECTIOUS MATERIAL e.g. hospital waste
• can cause a serious disease
• handle the material only when fully protected by the proper, designated equipment in designated areas
CORROSIVE MATERIAL e.g. acids, caustics
• can cause severe eye and skin irritation or tissue damage upon contact
• may be harmful if inhaled
• use proper hand, face and body protected to avoid contact
• avoid breathing in fumes or vapour
DANGEROUSLY REACTIVE MATERIAL
e.g. acetylene, hydrogen peroxide
• may react with water to release a toxic gas
• may self react because of shock, friction or heating
• keep material away from heat • open containers carefully; do
not drop them
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A Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) is a sheet that gives more detailed technical information about the product. All hazardous chemicals used at school (or in a workplace) must have a corresponding MSDS.
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Material Safety Data Sheet Checklist
The following information must appear on an MSDS (but not necessarily in this order): 1. Product Information
• Product name • Manufacturer’s name and
address
• Product use • Supplier’s name and address
2. Hazardous Ingredients The MSDS doesn’t list all the ingredients in the product. It lists only the ingredients that are considered hazardous.
3. Physical Information • Physical form • Odour and appearance • Odour threshold • Specific gravity • Vapour pressure and density
• Evaporation rate • Boiling and freezing point • pH • Coefficient of water/oil
distribution
4. Fire or Explosion Hazard • Fire fighting • Flash point • Lower and upper flammable
limit
• Autoignition temperature • Hazardous combustion products • Sensitivity to mechanical impact
and static discharge
5. Reactivity Information • Conditions of instability • Incompatible substances • Conditions of reactivity
• Hazardous decomposition products
6. Health Hazard Information • Route of entry • Effects of acute and chronic
exposure • Exposure limits • Sensitizing properties
• Carcinogenicity • Reproductivetoxicity,
teratogenicity and mutagenicity • Toxicologically synergistic
products
7. Preventative Measures • Personal protective equipment
and engineering controls • Storage, handling
• Leak/spill procedures • Shipping information
8. First Aid Measures
9. Preparation Information • Name of person or group who
wrote MSDS • Date of preparation of the MSDS
Note: MSDSs must be updated at least every 3 years.
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Canadian Hazardous Product Symbols The Canadian Hazardous Products Act requires manufacturers of chemicals to include symbols on their product labels. This system is used for labeling household products (and pesticides) and is different from the WHMIS system. It has two parts:
1. The picture represents the nature of the primary hazard connected to the product (i.e. poisonous, flammable, explosive, corrosive)
2. The shape of the border around the picture represents the degree of danger posed by the hazard (i.e. stop sign= danger, diamond = warning, triangle = caution)
The picture symbol is superimposed on the appropriate degree of hazard symbol:
In addition, labels must provide:
1. a statement of the nature of any secondary hazard(s);
2. a statement of precaution;
3. the words “First Aid Treatment”, followed by the
i. source of the hazard, ii. first aid antidote, and iii. directions for safe use and storage.
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Questions – In Case of Emergencies 1. Give a clear and thorough description of the correct safety procedure you would
follow for each of the following accidents:
a. An acid solution splashed up into your face ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
b. A base solution splash to your hand
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
c. Your experiment is on fire
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
d. You cut your hand on a broken test tube
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. You and a friend are completing an experiment and it suddenly blows up in your
friend’s face. Your friend is in a lot of pain because the solution you were heating was an acid. Arrange the following safety steps in the correct order:
______ Report the accident to the teacher ______ Stop your friend from rubbing his/her eyes ______ Flush your friend’s eye with water for at least 5 minutes ______ Take the student by the hand and guide them over to the eye wash
station.
3. What steps would you follow if one of your friends were on fire?
a. _______________________________________________________________ b. _______________________________________________________________ c. _______________________________________________________________ d. _______________________________________________________________ e. _______________________________________________________________
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Name Date
4 MHR • Section 1.1 Safety in the Science Classroom © 2007 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Limited
Use with textbook pages 8–15.
What is wrong with this picture?There are many unsafe situations in the science lab shown below. In the first column of the chart, identify seven unsafe situations. In the second column, describe an injury that might occur as a result of each situation.
Unsafe situation Possible injury
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Interpreting IllustrationsSection 1.1
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Reviewing Laboratory Safety Rules
Understanding the reason for a safety rule will make you aware of why it is important to follow that rule. Explain the reason for each of the following rules.
1. Never engage in horseplay or practical jokes. _____________________________________________________________________
2. Never do unauthorized experiments. _____________________________________________________________________
3. Never consume food or drinks in the laboratory. _____________________________________________________________________
4. Never return unused chemicals to the stock (original) containers. _____________________________________________________________________
5. Never used cracked, chipped, or broken glassware. _____________________________________________________________________
6. Never lean backwards on stools or sit on tables. _____________________________________________________________________
7. Never wear loose-‐fitting sleeves, neckties, or bulky outer clothing. _____________________________________________________________________
8. Never wear open-‐toe shoes or walk bare-‐footed in the laboratory. _____________________________________________________________________
9. Never put chemicals in unlabeled containers. _____________________________________________________________________
10. Never leave a lighted burner with a blue flame on a hot plate unattended. _____________________________________________________________________
11. Never touch electrical equipment with wet hands or use it in a wet area. _____________________________________________________________________
12. Never wander around during a lab unnecessarily. _____________________________________________________________________
13. Never taste, smell, or touch substances in the lab, except if directed by your teacher. _____________________________________________________________________
14. Never add water to concentrated acid – always add the acid to the water. _____________________________________________________________________
15. Never wear contact lenses when using chemicals that give off fumes. _____________________________________________________________________
16. Never drink or consume food items from laboratory glassware. _____________________________________________________________________
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Recognizing Safety Hazard Symbols 1. Identify the W.H.M.I.S. hazardous symbols below and briefly describe the
precautions involved in handling each type of material.
MEANING PRECAUTIONS WHEN HANDLING
a. _________________ _____________________________________
b. __ _________________ _____________________________________
c. _________________ _____________________________________
d. _________________ _____________________________________
e. _________________ _____________________________________ f. _________________ _____________________________________
2. Identify the following hazardous household product symbols. Indicate both the type and degree of the hazard.
TYPE OF HAZARD DEGREE OF HAZARD
a. _________________ _____________________________________
b. _________________ _____________________________________
c. _________________ _____________________________________
d. _________________ _____________________________________