VOL. 79, No. 2060

days was 29 grams for each rat. The growth curvefor those on the non-sterile dry plants was closelyparallel. The rats fed on the fresh Lemna put onweight faster and gained an average of 37 grams,suggesting that part of the vitamin was destroyed inthe drying process.The equal rate of growth made by the two groups

receiving sterile and non-sterile plants not only showsthat vitamin A can be formed in plants which havebeen free from all influence of microorganisms forhundreds of generations, but also is an indicationthat there is little or no difference in quantity pro-duced. Further, while the non-sterile Lemna weregrown by Mr. E. E. Frahm for the most part in sun-shine, the sterile plants were produced altogetherunder artificial light-electric light bulbs in this casefurnishing the illumination.8From these results it appears that if conditions

are favorable to the growth of green plants, theabsence of microorganisms does not affect the forma-tion of vitamin A and also that variation in lightwithin limits has little effect. Virtanen and v.Hausen believe that the form or availability of nitro-gen may be one of the controlling factors.

NORMAN ASHWELL CLARKB. H. THOMAS

THE DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRYIOWA STATE COLLEGE

FUSARIUM BACTRIDIOIDES SP. NOV., ASSO-CIATED WITH CRONARTIUM

IN March, 1932, Arthur Hinckley at the DesertBotanical Laboratory, Tucson, Arizona, sent to L. N.Goodding, cooperating with the Oregon ExperimentStation, Corvallis, a mummied cone of the Chihuahuapine (Pinus leiophylla Sehlechtendahl and Chamisso)from the Chiricahua Mountains in Arizona. Thecone had been attacked by the cone blister rust(Cronartium conigenum Hedgeock and Hunt). Mr.Goodding found this rust to be thoroughly parasitizedby a species of Fusarium. The spores of this Fu-sarium were viable, and cultures were easily obtainedfrom spore dilutions on potato agar. Through thecourtesy of S. M. Zeller, Oregon Experiment Station,cultures of Goodding's Fusarium were transmitted tothe undersigned, who has found the organism to be anew species in the Section Discolor. The diagnosticdescription is presented as follows:

Fusarium bactridioides Wollenweber, nova species,(Sectio Discolor, subs. Trichotheeioides): Conidiaminora aerio mycelio ex albo incarnato instrata,numerosa, ovoidea v. ellipsoidea, continua 7.3x3.7plerumque 5.9-9 x 3.4-3.9 (5-11 x 3-5), rarius 1-( (2-) )sept. 13 x 4.7 pler. 11-14x 4.2-5.1 (7-21 x 3-6.5), majora

8 Clark, Iowa State Jour. Sci., 7: 13-16, 1932.

in sporodochiis v. pionnote roseo-aurantiaca nec non in-strata, pulveracea, inearnata, stromate plus minusveatro-violacea saepe discolorata, alia cylindrica v. fusifor-mia utrinque obtusa, recta v. curvula, alia fusoideo-subfalcata utrinque ellipsoideo-conica, apice interdumleniter constricta, basi apiculata, raro subpedicellata,3-5, rarius 6-, rarissime 7-11 septata; 3-sept. 32 x 5.6, pl.24-26 x 5.2-6 (17-47 x 4.5-7); 5-sept. 41 x 6 pl. 31-50x 5.5-6.7 (25-60 x 4.8-8); 7-sept. 46 x 6.2 pl. 40-50 x 5.5-6.7 (30-70 x 5-8). Chlamydosporae interealares sparsae.Hab. ad conum Pini leiophyllae Schleehtendahl &

Chamisso, Arizona, socio Cronartio conigeno et ad cor-tices Pini monticolae socio Cronartio ribicola, et Pinicontortae socio Cronartio harknessii et Cronartio filamen-toso, Oregon.

Obs. Fungus a Fusario trichothecioide recedit macro-conidiis crassioribus, interdum numero majori septorumidoneis, colore atro-violaceo stromatis, etc.

Fusarium bactridioides occurs naturally on diseasedcone tissues produced by Cronartium conigenum. L.N. Goodding, however, has demonstrated its abiliity toattack other pine rusts by successful inoculations onCronartium ribicola, C. harknessii and C. filamen-tosum.The following note by Mr. Goodding is of interest

in connection with the behavior of this Fusarium:

Inoculations with F. bactridioides were made on blisterrust cankers on western white pine (Pinus monticola) inthe region of Rhododendron, Clackamas County, Oregon,in July, 1932, and in four localities in Idaho and two inOregon in July, 1933. Several reports have been re-ceived from Crystal Creek, Idaho, of numerous activelysporulating Fusarium infections on blister rust cankerswhich undoubtedly resulted from the inoculations madethere. At Eagle Creek, Oregon, where blister rust attackis very abundant, fully 80 per cent. of the trees sprayedwith Fusarium spores in July, 1933, showed all the blis-ter rust cankers parasitized by the Fusarium by lateOctober. In the case of July, 1933, inoculations on treesof Pinus contorta infected with Cronartium harknessii atSummit Meadows, Clackamas County, and with C. fila-mentosum near Tilly Jane Creek, Hood River County,Oregon, the Fusarium was found actively developing onboth rusts by the latter part of October. All blister rustcankers inoculated in 1932 were dead by July, 1933.There is no doubt about the effectiveness of F. bac-tridioides in destroying Cronartium ribicola once it at-tacks the cankers.

H. W. WOLLENWEBERBERLIN-DAHLEM

BOOKS RECEIVEDCOKER, WILLIAm C. and HENRY R. ToTrN. Trees of the

Southeastern States. Pp. 399. Illustrated. Univer-sity of North Carolina Press. $2.00.

MACBRIDE, THOMAS H. and G. W. MARTiN. The Myxo-mnycetes. Pp. 338. 21 plates. Macmillan. $6.00.

NOWLAN, FaRIalCK S. Analytic Geonsetry. Second edi-tion. Pp. xii + 352. Illustrated. McGraw-Hill. $2.25.

572 SCIENCE

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10 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VoL. 79, No. 2060

ZEISSBINOCULAR MICROSCOPE XII A

One of the new series of low power, wide field binocular microscopes.Characterized by good definition, brilliant illumination, and ease in operation.

Table of Magnifications, Free Working Distances, and Diameters oF theField oF view

Pair of Objectives I j 21Free Working 14 12 8Distance in cm.

Pair of Eyepieces Magnifi- Diameter of Magnifi- Diameter of Magnifi- Diameter ofY P cation field of view cation field of view cation field of view

8X 4 40 mm. 10 14.9 mm. 20 7.7 mm.

12 X 6Y4 36 mm. 15Y2 13.5 mm. 31 6.9 mm.

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10 SCIENCE-ADVERTISEMENTS VOL. 79, NO. 2060