science forum day 3 - alonso gonzalez - tropical fruits, coconuts and livelihoods
TRANSCRIPT
Agricultura Eco-Eficiente para Reducir la Pobreza
http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-1302281/Amazing-sculptures-carved-fruit.html
Agricultura Eco-Eficiente para Reducir la Pobreza
Our mission
• Improve the competitiveness of small tropical-fruit growers and service suppliers through information and technologies that result in sustainable practices and production systems, thus improving access to markets and increasing family incomes
Agricultura Eco-Eficiente para Reducir la Pobreza
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Why Tropical Fruits ?
High Value Product, key for improving rural livelihood (business and employment)
> 90% production of tropical fruits by small farmers in developing countries
Increasing demand in national and international markets
Research demanded from regional partners
Large biodiversity (perennial and semi-perennial) opportunity for targeting different agro ecologies
A platform where we can integrate Biophysical and Social Sciences
Agricultura Eco-Eficiente para Reducir la Pobreza
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Diversity of Tropical Fruits
> 400 sp in Africa.>1200 spp in America
4,5 % commercial
> 500 sp in Asia.
2% commercial
Agricultura Eco-Eficiente para Reducir la Pobreza
Business development out of Biodiversity: Durian-(Penang, 2011)
Agricultura Eco-Eficiente para Reducir la Pobreza
Strategic Directions: Tropical Fruits
Characterization and use of Genetic
Diversity
Access to equitable markets
Eco-efficient Production Systems
Agricultura Eco-Eficiente para Reducir la Pobreza
Bactris gasipaes- Distribution
Fuente: http://gisweb.ciat.cgiar.org/mapforgen/bac_gas.html
Agricultura Eco-Eficiente para Reducir la Pobreza
• Considered underutilized
• Very important in some markets (Colombia, Costa Rica, Manaus, Lima)
• and as staple food in humid tropics (Pacific coast, Amazon)
• Highly nutritious
• Very underdeveloped as fruit
• Very important as palm-heart
Chontaduro
Agricultura Eco-Eficiente para Reducir la Pobreza
Bajachonta:Assessing the impact of innovationIn rural communities
Agricultura Eco-Eficiente para Reducir la Pobreza
Materia primaClasificación diferentes
tiempos de cocción
Análisis de dureza
Análisis Sensorial Sabaletas y CIAT
Procesos de cocción
Oxalato
Development of cooking protocol
Agricultura Eco-Eficiente para Reducir la Pobreza
Cooking time is less than 60 min
Fruits do not get softer if cooked for longer time
Women could save up to 2/3 of energy resources
Time not used for cooking allows more dedication to their families
There is a genetic component that controls hardness of fruits
Community based cooking should be considered to reduce costs
Outputs-lessons
Agricultura Eco-Eficiente para Reducir la Pobreza
COASTAL – light blue systems around the coast of northern South America and Central America,
including the Caribbean
Agricultura Eco-Eficiente para Reducir la Pobreza
Coconut importance
Coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is a very important perennial crop that significantly
contributes to food security, improved nutrition, employment and income
generation for more than 15 millions of people.
It is cultivated in 12 million ha in 86 countries.
LAC~700,000 ha
SOCIAL CROP
Agricultura Eco-Eficiente para Reducir la Pobreza
Lethal yellowing and Red Ring Disease
killing coconut palms in LAC
Atlantic Tall palms,
highly susceptible to LY
In some communities80% of coconut plants are dead
Lack of Coconut=No $
Agricultura Eco-Eficiente para Reducir la Pobreza
New Project 2011-2014
• Farmers participatory germplasm assessment• Anecdotic evidence indicated some materials are less
susceptible to the disease
• Need to characterize local germplasm as it has been neglected so far.
• Tissue culture propagation technologies
• Cryopreservation of tissue culture material
• Co-development of alternatives to control palm weevil
Agricultura Eco-Eficiente para Reducir la Pobreza
Life cycle of red ring disease
La hembra de coleoptero adulta
emerge, algunas internamente infectadas
con una gran cantidad de nematodos del
cocotero
Palma sana de 2-10
años de edad.
La hembra :
nemátodos
durante la
oviposición.
Infección y
reproducción del
nemátodo en la
planta.
Sintomas de la enfermedad en
la Planta.Corte transversal del tallo de
un cocotero infectado
mostrando sintomas de anillo
rojo del tejido necrosado.
Los coleopteros de una
población son atraidos para
alimentarse, reproducirse y
ovopositar en la palma que
está muerindo.
Algunas larvas del picudo están
infectadas con el estadio de
disperción del nemátodo.
La Palma cae por su propio peso
debido al daño causado por la larva.
Agricultura Eco-Eficiente para Reducir la Pobreza
Multiplicación
Cultivo in vitro
Embrión
Extracción de la
Plúmula
Formación de callos
embriogénicos
Germinación
Desarrollo
Aclimatación en
invernadero
Generación de
Embriones somáticos
Embriones
Multiplicación
Cultivo in vitro
Embrión
Extracción de la
Plúmula
Formación de callos
embriogénicos
Germinación
Desarrollo
Aclimatación en
invernadero
Generación de
Embriones somáticos
Embriones
Tissue culture Propagation Platform: allows germplasm movement