science-based agriculture: a pillar for modernizing...

Science-Based Agriculture: A Pillar for Modernizing the

Sector

Presentation Outline

• Review of Recent Agricultural Performance

• Challenges to Agricultural Growth

• Science Based Agriculture: Definition and Related Concepts

• PCAARRD and its Programs • Synthesis

2

Philippine Agricultural Performance

Economic Magnitude and Growth (1998-2015)

• During the last 18 years, the economic magnitude of the country’s agriculture sector (including hunting, forestry and fishing) hovered around 440 to 720 billion pesos annually.

• The average GDP of this sector was about 611 billion pesos.

• The sector grew at an average of 2.94 percent. The highest growth was achieved in 1999 at 9.65 percent. This was three times higher than the growth of the economy.

3


Structural Transformation • From 1998 to 2009, the sector accounted for 13 to 14

percent of the total GDP. This steadily declined to 10 to 11 percent from 2010 to 2015.

• The agricultural sector is not shrinking in absolute size as evidenced by the average GDP (in constant prices) in the following years: 1998 to 2001 – about 500 billion pesos 2001 to 2010 – about 600 billion pesos 2010 to 2015 – about 700 billion pesos

• This reflects the structural transformation taking place in the Philippine economy which is a common phenomenon among industrializing economies.

• The decline in its relative size (i.e. in relation to the whole economy) is due to the expansion in other sectors such as services and industry. 4


Figure 1. Gross Domestic Product and Share of AHFF to Total GDP, 1998 to 2015.

5

-2.00

0.00

2.00

4.00

6.00

8.00

10.00

12.00

14.00

16.00

0

1000000

2000000

3000000

4000000

5000000

6000000

7000000

8000000

Per

cen

t

Mill

ion

Ph

P

Year

Total GDP(in Million PhP)

AHFF GDP(in Million PhP)

Growth Rate (Total GDP)(in percent)

Growth Rate (AHFF)(in percent)

Share of AHFF(in percent)


Palay Productivity

• Yield in palay increased from 2.62 mt/ha in 1987 to 3.9 mt/ha in 2015

• During the last 29 years, average yield is at 3.3 mt/ha . The average

growth at 1.5%.

6

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

- 2,000,000 4,000,000 6,000,000 8,000,000

10,000,000 12,000,000 14,000,000 16,000,000 18,000,000 20,000,000

Volume

Area

Yield


Corn Productivity • Yield in corn doubled from 1.2 mt/ha in 1987 to 2.9 mt/ha in 2015

• During the last 29 years, average yield is at 2.0 mt/ha with annual

growth of 3.4%.

7

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

-

1,000,000

2,000,000

3,000,000

4,000,000

5,000,000

6,000,000

7,000,000

8,000,000

9,000,000

Volume

Area

Yield

Philippine Agricultural Performance Other Crops Productivity

8

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

-

10,000,000

20,000,000

30,000,000

40,000,000

50,000,000

60,000,000

70,000,000

80,000,000

Volume

Area

Yield

• Yield of other crops increased by 2.2 mt/ha from 8.2 mt/ha in 1990 to

10.4 mt/ha in 2014

• During the last 25 years, average yield is at 9.5 mt/ha with annual growth

of 1.2%.

• However, some of the major agricultural crops such as sugarcane,

coconut and mango have experienced decline in yield.


9

The poor state of local infrastructure

has dampened the positive effects of

increased agricultural productivity on

agricultural commodity prices, kept

transport and post-harvest handling

costs high and inhibited agricultural

growth from further stimulating the

progress of the non-aggie sector as it did

in most NICs.

MAJOR CHALLENGES TO

AGRICULTURAL GROWTH

10

Specific Challenges

• Cultivation frontier

o Only 58% (5.8 million ha) of the total land area devoted to agriculture (10 million ha) is suitable for crop production.

o Only 43% of the appropriate lands for crop production have potential to respond to intensive agriculture.

o 45% of the arable lands suffer from moderate to severe erosion

11

Specific Challenges

• Migration of labor o In 2014, agriculture had a 30% (11.8/38.65 million

people) share in the total employment, according to the Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA).

o Its contribution to total employment has declined from 37% in 2001. It experienced consistently slower growth rate at less than 1% compared to total employment’s 2.2%.

12

Specific Challenges

• Climate Change o Third among the 173 countries in the world in

terms of disaster risk index at 24.32 % (World Risk Report 2011)

o The co-occurrence of the three events (drought+flooding+landslide) with SAFDZ areas is estimated to be 162,000 hectares.

o Cost of damages of destructive typhoons for the period 1993-2012 ranged from B Php 2.07 in 2011 to B Php 36.95 in 2012.

13

Specific Challenges

New fields of science such as biotechnology, value chain, indigenous knowledge systems, and ICT, among others, are greatly influencing how agricultural RDE is being conducted – Innovations are being generated thru networking, linkages and partnerships leading to a marked change in the knowledge structure of the aggie sector.

14

Specific Challenges

15

With our ever increasing population, the amount of arable land suited to agriculture has declined, water availability becoming scarce, and the extent of environmental degradation is on the rise.

Specific Challenges

16

Other set of challenges are also emerging from a constantly shifting development scenarios such as trade liberalization, IPR issues, rapid urbanization associated with land use conversion & changing food habits/ lifestyles.

Key Challenge in Phil. Agriculture

How are we going to produce enough food to meet increasing demand in conditions of climate change and dwindling natural

resources?

17

AGRICULTURAL OUTPUT = AREA X YIELD

18

Response to the Challenge

Science-Based Agriculture

20

What is science-based agriculture?


Respects traditional knowledge. However, this must be validated by science for ground-truths. Systems and technologies must evolve and prove their economies of scale to encourage partners, i.e. smallholder farmers, to get involved and to adopt.

21


Traditional knowledge

“maintained by experts and non-experts in local communities; it is held, owned and developed collectively and individually; and it is transmitted through written, oral and non-verbal means among and within cultures, generations, population groups, communities, households and individuals” (FAO, 2009). 22

Science-Based Agriculture Traditional Knowledge

“Traditional farming, fishing, pastoralism/herding, foraging and forestry are based on long-term

established knowledge and practices

that help to ensure food and agricultural

diversity, valuable landscape and

seascape features, livelihoods and food

security” (FAO, 2009) 23

Science-Based Agriculture Traditional Knowledge

• World famous rice terraces of the Ifugao in Northern Philippines

• Indigenous agroforestry systems of the Tausugs in Mindanao

• Traditional fishing

24

Why the need for scientific validation?

Science-Based is Evidence Based Involves a fairly rigorous process in investigating evidences Particularly important in viewing the current controversy on GMOs (e.g. BT corn, eggplant, etc.)

25


Traditional knowledge

+

Modern Science

26

Science-Based Agriculture Economies of scale

Economies of scale refer to the ability

of a farm to lower costs of production by increasing production

27

Science-Based Agriculture Economies of scale

28

How does PCAARRD promote science-based agriculture?

29

PCAARRD’s Mandates

30

About PCAARRD

• Formulate policies, plans, projects, and strategies for science

and technology (S&T) development in the agriculture, aquatic

and natural resources(AANR) sectors

• Program and allocate government and external funds

generated for S&T efforts in the AANR sectors

• Monitor research and development (R&D) projects

• Generate external funds for its R&D activities

The Four Banner Programs of PCAARRD

The PCAARRD Industry

Strategic S&T Programs: An

Overview

• Blueprint that operationalizes PCAARRD’s S&T vision for the AANR sectors

•Offshoot of the Philippine Agriculture 2020

• Product of various multi-sectoral consultations

ISP: THE PLAN

Science solutions under each ISP seek to

Improved welfare of the key actors in the AANR sub-sectors

Increase productivity and global competitiveness

Improve efficiency of production, distribution

and marketing

Strengthen S&T-based enterprises

Facilitate efficient transfer of S&T products to its desired customers

THE PLAN FRAMEWORK

• Currently, there are 32 documented commodity ISPs, 2 ISPs on Environmental Services

• Criteria:

– economic growth

– food security

– global competitiveness

– poverty alleviation

– environmental sustainability

• Supports PNoy’s Social Contract with the Filipino people and consistent with the DOST’s harmonized R&D agenda

SELECTION OF INDUSTRIES

RICE BANANA MANGO TROPICAL FRUITS COCONUT ABACA SUGARCANE VEGETABLES

LEGUMES ROOTCROPS COFFEE

The PCAARRD ISPs

SWINE GOAT (MEAT AND DAIRY)

DUCK NATIVE CHICKEN

DAIRY BUFFALO FEED RESOURCES

BAMBOO CACAO RUBBER

INDUSTRIAL TREE PLANTATION

MILKFISH TILAPIA SHRIMP

MUD CRAB SHELLFISH (MUSSEL)

AQUAFEEDS * *Subsumed under Feed Resources.

SHELLFISH (ABALONE AND OYSTER)

SARDINES SEAWEEDS SEA CUCUMBER

BLUE SWIMMING CRAB TUNA

ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES

INLAND ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES

o Biodiversity

o Climate Change

o Watershed

MARINE ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES

o Coral

o Harmful Algal Bloom

o FishMUST

• Defines target outcomes for each industry…..

FEATURES OF THE PLAN

• …. based on baseline and benchmark conditions


• Focuses on gaps in the supply/value chain where S&T intervention will matter most.


SAMPLE CROP SUPPLY/VALUE CHAIN (Coffee)

• Deliverables with timelines and potential impact


• Network of implementers


Technologies are the heart of ISP intervention and industry outcomes are substantially a collective result of these technologies.

How do we transfer the developed technologies to

target beneficiaries?

Technology Transfer Modalities of PCAARRD

PCAARRD Technology Transfer Modalities

OUTCOME(S) Farmers &

Entrepreneurs

Increased productivity/yield

Reduced Cost of Production

Improved quality of raw materials and farm products

•Technological self reliance

•National and globally competitive S&T based Agri-enterprise

•Countryside development

•Empowerment;

•Poverty reduction;

•Sustainable economic development;

Individual Farm(er)

Community Farms(ers)

STCBF

STBF

Agri-Based Enterprise

S&T Based Farm

S&T Model Farm

S&T Community Based Farm

IMPACT

http://www.animationlibrary.com/a-l/?n=image.php3&image_id=11022

STBF

TechnoGabayProgram

PCAARRD’s banner program bringing science-based information and technologies closer to the clients

A Magsasaka Siyentista (MS) farm

or enterprise that showcases the effectiveness of

S&T interventions in improving the productivity and

income of farmers on FITS focus

commodity and Products.

DOST initiative

Provides technical and financial support to locally-developed technology products with potential for commercialization

STCBF

PCAARRD’s technology transfer modality addressing gaps in production through S&T based interventions in farmers’ field and enhance competitiveness of S&T-based agro-enterprises

Expanded STBFs

addressing the needs of

farmers/ fisherfolks

in a particular community.

Increase the competitiveness of S&T-based

agro-enterprises through value-

adding services.

Latest modality developed by DOST & PCAARRD

Showcases the application of full bundles of technologies or “technology convergence” for priority commodities under PCAARRD’s ISP

S&T Model Farm

Technology Innovation for Commercialization

http://www.animationlibrary.com/a-l/?n=image.php3&image_id=11022

Modality Objective Priority Sectors Direct Beneficiaries

Techno-Gabay

Program

Showcase the effectiveness of S&T

interventions in increasing the

productivity and income of farmers

a) STBF Promote the use of relevant science-

based technologies to at least 30

farmers/ entrepreneurs

FITS-focused

commodities and

products based on

2006 to 2010 STA; ISP

commodities

Magsasaka

Siyentista (MS)/

Farmer-Cooperator

b) STCBF Upscale adoption of the recommended

technologies through the STCBF

modality

ISP commodities Cluster of

progressive farmers

(20-30 or more)

TechnoMart Increase the competitiveness of S&T-

based agro-enterprises through value-

adding services.

ISP commodities MS or community-

led enterprise; SME

STMF Showcase the requirements and effects

of applying whole technology chain or

“technology convergence” for identified

priority ISP commodities.

EDC and ISP

commodities

MS or STCBF

cooperator, farmer

leader, R&D project

cooperator

Technicom Fast track the transfer and

commercialization of research results

through a holistic approach of packaged

assistance of pre-commercialization

activities

Technologies

generated from DOST-

funded R&D outputs

Any Filipino

individual/entity

PCAARRD Technology Transfer Modalities

Have we been successful?

Crafting of the ISPs E.g. ISP for Coconut

Commodity Technology Benefits Peanut NSIC Pn 2013 17 (G.D. Lasam-Pride)

NSIC Pn 2013 18 (Namnama 3)

Consistent high-yielding (2.48-2.97 tons (t)/ha)

Medium-maturing (106-108 days)

High oil content and sweet

All season-varieties

First identified drought-resistant variety (NSIC Pn 17)

Moderately resistant to foliar diseases and resistant Cercospora

leaf spot and rust

Boron fertilization Increase in yield up to 627-693 kg/ha for BPI Pn 9 variety, 709-

1,097 kg/ha for NSIC Pn 15 (Asha) variety, and 1,641-1907 kg/ha for

NSIC Pn 14 (Namnama 2) variety; Increase in income ranging from

P5,000/ha to P33,000/ha depending on the prevailing farm gate

price

Rice Use of carrageenan plant food

supplement from seaweeds

Increase rice yield by 15-30%

Resistance to rice tungro virus and bacterial leaf blight

Environment-friendly

Rice mill using “impeller” Capable of producing both milled rice and brown rice

Compact yet powerful with input capacity of 300-350kg/hr

Installed with waste control system

Vegetables Grafting Resistance to diseases (fusarium wilt, bacterial wilt, verticillum

wilt)

Resistance to root-knot nematodes

Milkfish Automatic fry counter Accurate and easy to use

Inexpensive and simple design

Minimum stress to fry

Shrimp Genome-based lateral flow strip

biosensor

Detection can reduce losses by 50%

Affordable, rapid and easy to use

Selected PCAARRD Technologies and Benefits


– Consultative

• Identification of Problems

• Formulation of Solutions

– Respects and Builds on Traditional Knowledge

• Validates and Provides Scientific Basis

• Keeps Building On…

– Value-Chain Oriented

• Market-Induced

• From Farm to Fork

Synthesis


– SMART

Specific, Measurable, Attainable, Realistic and Time-Bound

– Technology-Centric, but with Human Face

Focuses on technologies/innovations with the fundamental aim of improving the well-being of all especially those that are impoverished and marginalized

Synthesis

Thank you! Dr. Ernesto O. Brown

Officer-in-Charge

Socio-Economics Research Division

DOST-PCAARRD

Website: www.pcaarrd.dost.gov.ph Tel. Nos.: 536-2305; 536-2383; 536-7927; 536-6980; 536-1956; 536-5907

Fax Nos.: 536-0016 / 7922 59

http://www.pcaarrd.dost.gov.ph/









science-based agriculture: a pillar for modernizing...

Documents