school of ethics

8/3/2019 School of Ethics

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Codes of principles and values that govern decisions and

actions within a company. In the business world, theorganizations culture sets standards for determining thedifference between good and bad decision making and

behavior.

In the most basic terms, a definition for business ethicsboils down to knowing the difference between right andwrong and choosing to do what is right. The phrase

'business ethics' can be used to describe the actions ofindividuals within an organization, as well as theorganization as a whole.


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Schools known for ethical standards usually have an ethical

code stating that they treat everyone with dignity, dont

present misleading information, and scrupulously follow rules

and regulations.Schools that follow certain moral codes attract better people

often are willing to work harder.

It goes without saying that ethical companies are less likely

to undergo the costly scrutiny of courts and regulators.


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Utilitarianism offers us a powerfulvision of the moral life, one thatpromises to reduce or eliminatemoral disagreement.

If we can agree that the purpose ofmorality is to make the world abetter place; and

If we can scientifically assessvarious possible courses of action to

determine which will have thegreatest positive effect on theworld; then

We can provide a scientific answerto the question of what we oughtto do.

Utilitarianism


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DEONTOLOGICAL

The second major school of thought is deontological.

Deontological ethics or deontology is an approach toethics that judges the morality of an action based on theaction's adherence to a rule or rules. Deontologists lookat rules and duties.

Deontological ethics is commonly contrasted withconsequentialist or teleological ethical theories, accordingto which the rightness of an action is determined by itsconsequences.

Although not all Deontologists are religious, manybelieve in The 'Divine Command Theory'. 'The DivineCommand Theory' is a cluster of related theories thatstate that an action is right if God has decreed that it isright.


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DISTINCTION

(DEONTOLOGY- UTILITARIANISM) DEONTOLOGY UTILITARIANISM1> Principle inherent in the action 1> Outside the action

2> Individuals are valuable in 2>Criticized because it appears to

themselves (not because of their tolerate sacrificing somepeople

sake of others3> Theory asserts that there are some 3> Right or wrong are dependent

on

actions that are always worng,no the consequences vary with the

matter what the consequences . Circumstances.

4> Often recognize self- defense and 4> Every person is counted equally.other special circumstances as No one persons unhappiness/

as excusing killing, but these are happiness is more importantthan

cases when it is argued, the killing another

is not exactly intentional.


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NATURE LAW THEORY

The term nature law isambiguous. It refers to a type ofmoral theory, as well as to a typeof legal theory, but the core claimsof the two kinds of theory are

logically independent. It does notrefer to the laws of nature, the lawsthat science aims to describe.

According to nature law theory,the moral standards that governhuman behavior are, in some sense,objectively derived from the natureof human beings and the nature ofthe world. While being logicallyindependent of nature law legaltheory, the two theories intersect.


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MACHIAVELLI SCHOOL

Machiavelli lived from 1469-1527 and was born in

Florence, Italy. As well as an Italian statesman, and a

Florentine patriot, he was the head of the Second

Chancery at the age of twenty-nine. Nicolo was a seniorcivil servant.

Machiavelli carried out diplomatic missions in France,

Germany, and Italy. He was a political philospher.

Nicolo Machiavelli is known as the father of modernpolitical science and ranks as one of the most important

political figures in the Renaissance. His books influenced

the behavior of many people.


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HEDONISTIC SCHOOL OF ETHICS

Hedonism is derived from the Greek hedone, meaning sweetness,joy, or delight, and refers to theories about the nature and

function of pleasure. Originally, hedone was the sort of sweetness

that could be appreciated by taste or smell; then hearing was

involved; finally, it was applied metaphorically to any pleasantsensation or emotion.

Hedonism is a school which argues that pleasure is the only intrinsic

good.[1] This is often used as a justification for evaluating actions in

terms of how much pleasure and how little pain (i.e. suffering) theyproduce. In very simple terms, a hedonist strives to maximize this net

pleasure (pleasure minus pain).


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PRAXIS SCHOOL

The Praxis school was a Marxist humanist philosophical movement. It

originated in Zagreb and Belgrade in the SFR Yugoslavia, during

the 1960s.

Prominent figures among the school's founders include Gajo Petrovic

and Milan Kangrga of Zagreb and Mihailo Markovic of Belgrade.

From 1964 to 1974 they published the Marxist journal Praxis, which

was renowned as one of the leading international journals in Marxist

theory.

The defining features of the school were: 1) emphasis on the writings

of the young Marx; and 2) call for freedom of speech in both East

and West based upon Marx's insistence on ruthless social critique.


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Organisation for EconomicCo-operation and Development


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OECD groups 30 member countries committed todemocracy and the market economy

provides statistics and economic and social data analyses and forecasts economic developments

researches social changes and evolving patterns

in trade, environment, agriculture, technology,fiscal policy and more


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Helping governments to

compare policy experiences

seek answers to common problems

identify good practice

co-ordinate domestic and international policies


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OECDs missionArticle 1 of the OECD Convention defines theOrganisations mission as being to:

support economic growth boost employment

raise living standards maintain financial stability

assist other countries economic development contribute to growth in world trade


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Global partners

30 member countries

AUSTRALIAAUSTRIABELGIUMCANADACZECH REPUBLIC

DENMARKFINLANDFRANCEGERMANYGREECEHUNGARYICELAND

IRELANDITALYJAPAN

KOREALUXEMBOURGMEXICONETHERLANDS

NEW ZEALANDNORWAYPOLANDPORTUGALSLOVAK REPUBLICSPAINSWEDENSWITZERLANDTURKEYUNITED KINGDOMUNITED STATES

Countries invited tomembership talks

CHILE

ESTONIA

ISRAEL

RUSSIA

SLOVENIA

Enhanced engagement

BRAZIL

CHINA

INDIAINDONESIA

SOUTH AFRICA


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OECD achievementssome examples

Improving transparency and ethics in international business Principles of Corporate Governance Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises Anti-Bribery Convention

Polluter-Pays Principle (PPP)

Simplifying tax issues in international transactions Model Tax Convention

Helping emerging and transition economies Co-operation programmes with emerging marketeconomies including China, India and Brazil

Global partners


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OECD in action

1. Data collection 2. Data analysis

3. Collectivepolicy discussion

4. Decision-making

5. Implementation


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Confederation of Indian

Industry (CII)


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CII was established in 1895. The initial partners were fiveengineering firms, all members of the Bengal Chamber ofCommerce and Industry. In the beginning, the name of theorganisation was Engineering and Iron Trades Association

(EITA). EITA was set up with a goal to pressurize the Britishgovernment to place government orders for iron and steeland engineering goods with companies based in India (thepractice then was to place government orders with firmsbased in UK). The name was subsequently changed toIndian

Engineering Association (IEA), EngineeringAssociation of India (EAI), Association ofIndianEngineering Industry (AIEI), Confederation of EngineeringIndustry (CEI) and finally to Confederation ofIndianIndustry (CII) in 1992.
http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengal_Chamber_of_Commerce_and_Industry&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengal_Chamber_of_Commerce_and_Industry&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengal_Chamber_of_Commerce_and_Industry&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengal_Chamber_of_Commerce_and_Industry&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengal_Chamber_of_Commerce_and_Industry&action=edit&redlink=1http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Bengal_Chamber_of_Commerce_and_Industry&action=edit&redlink=1


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Publication

CII Publication Division headquartered at Gurgaon (India) is thecentral point of contact for all CII Publications. It is a repository of alltypes of CII publications on subjects ranging from core businesssectors, to services industry, defence, technology & IPR, agriculture &

food processing, Corporate Social Responsibility, healthcare, socialdevelopment and many more other sectors.

The CII Publications include: Research Reports, Sector Reports, Journals,Conference Proceedings, Exhibitor Catalogues, Membership Directory, andPolicy Documents.

CII Reports have established as one of the best and authentic source ofinformation among business community, diplomats, internationalagencies, ministers, government officials, and society at large both in Indiaand abroad. For more infomration, please visit www.cii.in


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CII-Yi

Young Indians (Yi) is an integral part of the Confederation ofIndianIndustry (CII), Indias premier business association, formed in the year2002, with an objective of creating a platform for young Indians torealize the dream of a developed nation. Yi has over 1200 directmembers in 25 city chapters. Yi engages another 12,000 membersthrough its Farmer Nets, Student Nets and Corporate chapters. The Yimembership includes young progressive Indians between the age groupof 25 & 40 years. The members include entrepreneurs, professionalsand progressive achievers from different walks of life. To become the

voice of young Indians globally being the vision of Yi, it provides aplatform for young Indians to participate in and contribute bybecoming an integral part of the Indian growth story.


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THANK YOU