SC.912.L.14.7

Relate the structure of each of the major plant organs and tissues to physiological processes

Function of LeavesMake food through photosynthesis

Site of gas exchange Respiration Photosynthesis

Store food

IDENTIFY THE PRINCIPAL ORGANS AND TISSUES OF SEED PLANTS: LEAVES

Stomata

Openings in the epidermis mainly located on the underside of leaves

Allow for exchange of gases (CO2, O2, H2O)

Guard Cells

Two cells located on each side of stomata

Opens and closes stomata

Cuticle Waxy substance that covers the leaves &

stems Waterproof layer that keeps water in plants Transparent to allow light to enter for

photosynthesis

TISSUES OF THE LEAF: EPIDERMIS

Palisade mesophyllPrimary site of photosynthesis

Spongy mesophyllContains air & chloroplasts

Site of photosynthesis and gas exchange

TISSUES OF THE LEAF: MESOPHYLL LAYER

Vascular BundlesTransport systemCalled veinsFound in spongy mesophyll

Two Forms Phloem moves food from leaf

to the rest of the plant Xylem moves water &

minerals up from the roots to the leaves

TISSUES OF THE LEAF

LEAF TISSUE ORGANIZATION

Function of StemsMovement of materials Water & minerals from

roots to leaves Manufactured food from

leaves to rootsSupport leaves & reproductive structures

Food storage

IDENTIFY THE PRINCIPAL ORGANS AND TISSUES OF SEED PLANTS: STEMS

Terminal BudBud on the end of the stem.

Axillary Lateral BudBud on the side of the stem.

EXTERNAL STEM STRUCTURE

Xylem The tissue that transports

water & nutrients up from roots to stems & leaves.

Phloem Tissue that transports food

down from leaves to roots.

Cambium Thin, green, actively growing

tissue located between bark & wood and produces all new stems cells.

INTERNAL STEM STRUCTURE

BarkOld, inactive phloem.

HeartwoodOld, inactive xylem.

SapwoodNew, active xylem.

INTERNAL STEM STRUCTURE

Corms Underground stem Solid, fleshy, scale

covered

Bulb Layers of fleshy

scales that overlap each other

Underground stem

Stolens Stem that grows

horizontally above the soil surface

SPECIALIZED TYPES OF STEMS

Tubers Food Storage Area Short, thick

underground stem

Rhizomes Underground stems

that produce roots on the lower surface and extend leaves and flower shoots above ground

Corms Bulbs Tubers RhizomesStolons

FunctionsAnchors the plantAbsorbs water & minerals

Stores food

IDENTIFY THE PRINCIPAL ORGANS AND TISSUES OF SEED PLANTS: ROOTS

Tap Roots One main root, no nodes Ideal for anchorage Penetration is greater

for water and food storage

Aerial Roots Clinging air roots

Short roots that grow horizontally from the stems and fasten plant to a support

Absorptive air roots Absorb moisture from

the air

DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROOTS

Fibrous Roots Many finely branched

secondary roots Shallow roots cover a

large area More efficient

absorption of water & minerals

Roots hold the soil to prevent erosion

Adventitious Roots Develop in places other

than nodes Form on cuttings &

rhizomes

Tap Aerial Fibrous Adventitious

Root Cap Indicates growth of new cells

Root HairsTiny one celled hair-like extensions of the epidermal cells located near the tips of roots.

Increase surface area.Absorb water & minerals.

PARTS OF ROOTS

Internal structure of Roots

Much Like Those Of Stems With Phloem, Cambium And Xylem Layers

Phloem The outer layer. Carries food down the

plant.

Xylem The inner layer. Carries water &

minerals up to the stem.

IDENTIFY THE PRINCIPAL ORGANS AND TISSUES OF SEED PLANTS: FLOWERS

FunctionsContain the sexual organs for the plant.

Produces fruit, which protects, nourishes and carries seeds.

Attracts insects for pollination.

Petals Brightly colored Protects stamen & pistils. Attracts pollinating insects. Collectively called the

corolla.

Sepals Outer covering of the

flower bud. Protects the stamens and

pistils when flower is in bud stage.

PARTS OF THE FLOWER

The STAMEN is the male reproductive part. It is made up of Anther

Produces pollen which fertilize the ovules

Filament Supports the anther

The PISTIL is the female reproductive part. It is made up of Ovary

Enlarged portion at base of pistil

Produces ovules which develop into seeds

Stigma Holds the pollen grains

during fertilization Style

Connects the stigma with the ovary

Supports the stigma so that it can be pollinated

FLOWER REPRODUCTION

pistil