satyapriya sahu(10201044) & soumya ranjan rout 10201052
TRANSCRIPT
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REPORT ON VILLAGE STUDY SEGMENT
Submitted by:
Soumya ranjan rout(10201052)
Satya priya sahu(10201044)
MBA-RM 2010-12
(VILLAGE STUDY SEGMENT REPORT SUBMITTED FOR THE PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE
REQUIREMENTS FOR THE MASTER IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION ON RURAL MANAGEMENT)
HOST ORGANIZATION VSS CO-ORDINATOR
SPARDA Prof. Jyotimayee acharya
REPORTING OFFICER FACULTY GUIDEMr. Suvendu panigrahi prof. Soumya mishra
KIIT SCHOOL OF RURAL MANAGEMENT (KSRM)BHUBANESWAR, INDIA
VVIILLLLAAGGEE SSTTUUDDYY SSEEGGMMEENNTT ((MMBBAA--RRMM 22001100--1122))
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT
First and foremost we are thankful to Prof. (Dr.) L. K. Vaswani, DIRECTOR, KIIT School of
Rural Management for placing the Village Study Segment (VSS) fieldwork Component as a part
of our course curricula. We would like to express our gratitude to Professor (Dr.) Jyotirmayee
Acharya, Coordinator, VSS to facilitate throughout by playing different roles as mentor,
coordinator and supervisor and for inputs and moral support for designing and completion of the
report. We are thankful to the faculty guide Prof. Soumya Mishra for her/his guidance and
assessment of this report.
We have immense pleasure in expressing our deep sense of gratitude, indebtness and sincere
thanks to our esteemed Reporting Officer suvendu panigrahi and team member Ashok Patra,
Manoranjan Sahu, of SPARDA who facilitated our accommodation and food and made us to
learn all the VSS components by doing and interacting with the villagers. We are thankful for
their feedback and insight to our theme paper and support for the RAC and to share with us
useful experiences during the village study.
In order to complete fieldwork successfully, I would like to present special thanks to all the
research participants and villagers who provided their valuable time and made our stay
meaningful and study valuable. We are extremely happy to reveal our special thanks to our
classmates for their inspiration.
Soumya ranjan rout(10201052)
Satya priya sahu(10201044)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Organizational profile 1-5
Village profile 6
Introduction 6
Methodology 6
Objective 6
Limitation of the study 8
Geographical social structure 8
Natural resources 11
Infrastructures 12
Local economy 15
Consumption habit 16
Governance system 17
32 HHS Analysis 18
Village development plan 20
RAC 21
Introduction 21
Objective 22
Methodology 22
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Activity profile 23
RAC place and period 23
Implementation process 23
Outcomes 24
Theme Paper 28
Introduction 28
Objectives 29
Methodology 30
Limitation 32
Literature review 32
Findings, observation & recommendation 39
Conclusion 45
NSS Activity 46
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ORGANIZATION PROFILE
Name:Society for Peoples Awareness and Rural Development Action (SPARDA)
Mailing address:C/O MASS Building,
Ward no- 10, Baripada,
757001,
Mayurbhanj,
Orissa
Telephone no: 91-6792-253708
91-6792257303
Fax no. : 91-6792 -252014
Email : [email protected]@gmail.com
Mobile no: 91-9437963908/9437084776
The Date of Formation: 1990
Society Registration Act 1860 on 30th May 1993
Foreign Contribution Regulation Act 1976 on 4th February 1998
Registered under 12A of Income tax department
Name of the Chief Functionary: Bibekananda Pattnaik, Secretary.
Executive Body 9 membersOffice bearers President, V.P, CEO
SPARDA
Society for Peoples Awareness and Rural development Action (SPARDA) is a grass root NGO,
established in the year 1990 with a group of committed young person in Mayurbhanj district. It
was registered under Society Registration Act 1860 on 30th
May 1993 and Foreign Contribution
Regulation act 1976 on 4th February 1998. The Organization has committed itself to strengthen
and capacitated the under privileged and oppressed people in their struggle for empowerment in
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected]:[email protected] -
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order to improve their health, environment and socio economic status for secure their livelihood
condition.
PHILOSOPHY
The main philosophy of SPARDA is oriented towards sustainable development of the ruralpeople through health, education, environment and economic upliftment with conservation of
non renewable natural resource, application of indigenous science technological innovations and
judicious use of governmental resources for larger benefit of the poor and suppressed people
especially the women and tribes of Mayurbhanj district.
VISION
The main vision of SPARDA is to improve the quality of individuals life through self reliance
and enable them to secure their livelihood condition with optimum potential condition with
optimum potential through health, environment and socio-economic upliftment.
MISSION
The mission of the organization is to enhance the sustainable health and economic development
of the rural people especially the women and tribes of Mayurbhanj district.
The organization is implementing its work since 17 years in the remote villages of Mayurbhanj
district with the following
OBJECTIVES
To empower the rural people for enriching the health, environment and economic status
through a process of peoples participation and institutional building.
To improve the health and environmental status through a well devised process of
information, education, awareness and capacity building.
To upgrade the community enthusiasm through discovering the village talent.
To enable the rural people towards taking up income generation activities by promoting
Self Help Groups and mobilization of locally available resources through a process of
thrift and credit system.
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To develop an environmental friendly production system.
To increase women participation in the mainstream of development process and empower
them to develop their socio-economic and health status in the society.
To initiate a process whereby the people of under privileged communities can participate
in creating a data base about their own health, empowerment and socio-economic
situation and take up the process of analyzing their alternatives.
To conduct seminar, workshop and research work related to need based issues.
To adopt an integrated approach of developing the conservation and management of
Biodiversity and natural resources.
GEOGRAPHICAL AREA OF ACTIVITIESLocation of the organization is at India in the state of Odisha. The district of Mayurbhanj is in
Odisha. The district of Mayurbhanj lies between 21 17 north latitude and between 85 40 and
87 10 east latitude. Mayurbhanj district is bounded on the north by Singbhum district of
Jharkhand state and Midnapur district of West Bengal. On the south by the district of Balasore
and Keonjhar. On the east by Midnapur district of West Bengal and Balasore.
MAJOR ACHIEVEMENT SPARDA is now involved in Jungle Parivar project with the support from the Ford
Foundation, New Delhi. SPARDA for the last 14 years has done institutional building process of the forest
protection committees in 750 villages and in the process federate them in to a district
level federation of forest protection committees.
SPARDA is also facilitating federation to take up issues like Forest Right Act for its
proper implementation. In the last one and half year SPARDA was instrumental in the
submission of 11,000 individual claim form and around 450 community claim form
through district forest federation. Provide solar lantern to 700 house hold in 20 villages of Mayurbhanj. The programme is
implemented in collaboration with TERI under its Lighting aBillion Lives programme.
There are 13 villages out of 20 villagers are inside Similipal Tiger Reserve.
SPARDA is working with the Baripada Forest Division of forest department Govt. of
Odisha. SPARDA was assigned with the responsibility to facilitate the federation process
of 47 VSS (Vana Samrakshana Samiti) under Baripada forest division. The main
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objective was to unite them and facilitate them to do trading of NTFP and enterprise
development under CAMPA fund. Capacitating SHGs and other villagers on different Government programmes using SMS,
voicemail and by direct interaction in the field. SPARDA is implementing this innovative
programme in collaboration with Knowledge for Development Foundation, New Delhi
under a UNDP supported programme to Ministry of Social Justice. ACTIVITIES IN BRIEF
a. FOREST AND LIVELIHOOD PROGRAMME
SPARDA for the last 14 years strengthening the capacity of village forest protection committees
in 750 villages. In the process it has facilitate the formation of the district federation of forest
protection committees namely Mayurbhanj Jungle Surakhya Mahasangh involving 750 villages.
SPARDA is now working closely with the federation and facilitating the federation to go for
trading of non timber forest produce from the forest they are protecting. SPARDA is also
facilitating federation to take up issues like Forest Right, Act for its proper implementation.
b. RENEWABLE ENERGY
Provide solar lantern to 700 house hold in 20 villages of Mayurbhanj. The programme is
implemented in collaboration with TERI under its Lighting aBillion Lives programme. There
are 13 villages out of 20 villagers are inside Similipal Tiger Reserve.
Similar activities are planned in 5 villages in Kaptipada block where these programme will be
implemented very soon.
c. GOVT. OF ODISHA
SPARDA is working with the Baripada Forest Division of forest department Govt. of Odisha.
SPARDA was assigned with the responsibility to facilitate the federation process of 47 VSS
under Baripada forest division. The main objective was to unite them and facilitate them to do
trading of NTFP and enterprise development under CAMPA fund.
d. capacitating SHGs
Capacitating SHGs and other villagers on different Government programmes using SMS,
voicemail and by direct interaction in the field. SPARDA is implementing this innovative
programme in collaboration with Knowledge for Development Foundation, New Delhi under a
UNDP supported programme to Ministry of Social Justice.
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COLLABORATING AGENCIESDuring its long journey in the development sector SPARDA has collaborated with different
national level organizations under different programmes.
Xavier Institute of Management, Bhubaneswar,
Winrock International India, New Delhi, ACCESS Development Services, New
Delhi,
ATREE, Bangalore,
Centre for Peoples Forestry, Hyderabad,
XLRI, Jamshedpur,
TERI, New Delhi,
Institute of Rural Management, Anand, Gujrat,
Right to Food Secretariate, Bhubaneswar,
Knowledge for Development Foundation, New Delhi,
Indian Institute of Forest Management, Bhopal.
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VILLAGE PROFILE
1. INTRODUCTIONField work segment was carried out under the rich guidance of our host organization sparda,
mayurbhanj, odisha. Kothabila village is selected for our area of research. It comes under the
block of kuliana. It is 10 km. far from the block of kuliana and it is a very remote area. Kothabila
village is located very far from our host organization. The distance is nearly about 30-35 km. as
per the program the period of stay in the village was 16th
jan to 18th
feb 2011. The stay in the
village has helped to get a first hand feel of the problems, aspirations, perceptions and
vulnerabilities of the rural masses. Thus, the report has been an outcome of personal experience
and interactions with the villagers during the stay.
2. OBJECTIVES
To get direct exposure of rural life and rural economy.
To sensitized ourselves to the social and economic concerns of rural people in general
with a focus on rural poor.
To get an exposure to diversity of initiatives of civil society organization in rural area.
To find out a relation within the communities and other wider societies.
To find out all the available resources in the village.
To make a development plan for the village in the present of local existing conditions.
To put ourselves as villagers and try to know all the agriculture and related activities,
their cultural activities, social differences, their other livelihood activities and various
other things.
3. METHODOLOGYVillagers were the most important source of information for survey. For understanding the
villagers in better, direct interactions with them were done. In order to confirm, the data in
written form from the institutions & this played vital role in the lives of the villagers.
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3.1 Primary data sources
1. Observations: During the first few days of the field work, in order to build rapport with
the villagers, tried to be a part of their lives without intervening in their lives. Going out
into the village in the morning and evening was a part of daily routine. By simplyobserving them, the idea got about routine of the villagers, crops they raised and the
infrastructure present in the village.
2. Informal discussions with the villagers: These discussions were unstructured in the
sense that there was no set agenda for the conversations. The discussion used to start with
a random topic and the conversation sustained for hours together. This kind of interaction
helped in gaining in-depth information. By this time, a good rapport was built and details
about their economic activities and culture began to surface.
3. Interviews: These interviews were conducted with an aim to understand the preferences,
attitude and problems faced by a common villager. Though agriculture was not primary
for them; included questions largely on cropping pattern and various practices adopted. It
helped in getting some idea about the problems they faced relating to their productivity
and marketing of grains. Thus, this method helped in having a close view of individuals
of the village.
4. Focused Group Discussions: Two FGDs were carried out. One was carried out with
farmers in order to understand their group also consisted of women because their
contribution to the agriculture cannot be underestimated. Their views were also heard.
The second FGD was conducted with the executive body of the village committee, which
consisted of all members in order to understand its set-up and its role in the lives of the
villagers.
5. PRA tools: few PRA tools like social & resource mapping, chapatti diagram, Venn
diagram etc helped us to gather more information. In this technique 25 villagers had
participated.
3.2 Secondary data sources:
Organization: The details regarding no. of households & Information regarding the
various government schemes and beneficiaries in the village were taken from the office
of sparda.
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4. LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY: Respondent bias: Many of the problems and suggestions are based on opinions of the
people being interviewed. Thus, there was always a chance of biases entering though we
tried our best to triangulate and remove such errors. The villagers were sometimes
confused and/or suspicious of some of the questions; particularly about income,
expenditure and size of landholding.
Lack of knowledge: many of the villagers are illiterate. So they failed to give the
accurate information about the Govt plans, schemes etc.
5. GEOGRAPHICAL & SOCIAL STRUCTUREKothabila village comes under kuliana block ofmayurbhanj. Our village is located 12 km. far
from N.H-5 & 35 km away from the host organization.Panchayat- nodhana (4 km away)
Police station- chandua. (6 km away)
There is total 202 households & total no of villagers is 1235.
Total no of male Total no of female Total
627 608 1235
50.77% 49.23% 100%
Total no of literate
male
401 32.47%
Total no of literate
female
274 22.19%
Total no of illiterate
male
226 18.3%
Total no of illiterate
female
334 27.04%
Total 1235 100%
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Sc 59 4.78%
St 716 57.98%
Obc 315 25.5%
General 145 11.74%
T0tal 1235 100%
Source-anganwadi
59
716
315
145
CASTE
sc
st
obc
gen
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Source- anganwadi
The population of kothabila is 1235 & out of which 627 is men & 608 are women. The number
of children within 0-6 age is 183.out of which 108 are male & 75 are female. The ratio of male &
female is 1:1.03. 59% are of ST & 5% are sc. this means 62% of villagers is sc & st.11.74 is
general category.
5.1 NEIGHBOURING VILLAGES-
East- dudhiasule
West-madhapur
South-forest
North-kaladam
5.2 SOCIAL STRUCTURE
LANGUAGES USED-
Oriya
Santali
Kudumi
627
608
GENDER
male
female
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5.3.FESTIVALS CELEBRATED
Ersim (Paddy sowing festival)
Jamtala Bonga (Jantal Festival)
Harialism
Karama Parva
Makar Parva
Kothabila village is mostly dominated by sc & st. a very few amount of villagers are of general
category. There is no any other religion rather the Hindu. There is no single temple in the village.
Instead of 3 concrete houses all are thatched houses.
6. NATURAL RESOURCES
6.1. LANDThe geographical area of the village is 202 ha. Out of which 180 ha is for agricultural purpose.
But as the village is situated in a hilly area, there is lack of fertility in the soil. About 100 ha land
is suitable for farming as compared to the other lands. The amount of cultivated pulses per ha is
24 quintals averagely. As the field is not fertile & this area lacks water availability, pulses is the
main agricultural product. No any other crops or vegetables are cultivated in the village.
6.2. WATER
The main problem of the village is scarcity of water. The availability of water is deficit in this
region. Due to unavailability of water for farming the farmers are unable to cultivate in other
seasons instead rainy season. Rain fall is average in rainy season. So that part of the year the
farmers are able to cultivate. The main source of water is the pipeline provided by the
government. Before the introduction of pipeline the villagers had to go to the nearest village,
which is situated 4 km away from that village, to bring drinking water. There is a pond in the
village but the water of that pond is very dirty & unhealthy. Villagers use the water of that pond
for bathing, washing clothes etc.
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Water assets in kothabila village
Open well Bore well Diesel
pumpset
pond Tube well Piped line
13 3 1 1 10 20
Source-questionnaire
6.3.FOREST
As Mayurbhanj is a forest area, the forest is situated nearby to south part of the village which is
half km away from the village. Forest is the main source of livelihood for the villagers.
7. INFRASTRUCTURE7.1. ROADThere is a good connectivity of pucca road from the village to the block & police station. About
40% of the village area is connected with concrete road. Others are connected with thatched
road. Despite of a good road, the availability of the public vehicles from the village is very poor.
7.2. TRANSPORTVillage is 12 km away from the kuliana block. 5 no national highway is also 15 km far away
from the village. There is only 1 bus & 1 jeep available in a day to the town, baripada, which is
28 km away from the village. Instead of these two vehicles there is no other option of
transportation in that village. Those who have their personal vehicle can easily go to everywhere
but the general people suffer. After this two vehicles villagers use cycle for going purpose.
7.3.ELECTRICITY FACILIY
The electricity supply is started in the year of 1986.the availability of electricity supply is around
18 hrs in a day. In summer season the interruption in supply of electricity is more than any other
days. Out of 217 households 50 households are getting the benefit of electricity. Under the
gramya bidyutikaran yojna 50 nos of BPL households are electrified till now. Overall the
supply of electricity available to 105 households in the village.
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7.4.COMMUNICATION FACILITYThe telecommunication facility is also very bad in that village. There are two mobile networks in
that village i.e.airtel & Vodafone. There are no other networks available in that region. There is
no landline connection. Almost of 180 households are using mobile phones as their major source
of communication. Although there is a post office, that is not functioning due to the non
availability of the staff. If someone plans to send a letter by post, then he has to cross a distance
of 6-7 km. radio is the main source of information in that region.
7.5.HEALTH FACILTYThere is no private and govt. hospital facility available in the village. Public Health Centre is
located in sansarasposi which is 6 km from here. But in that PHC medical facility is also in
adequate form. Sometimes medicines are not available in free for villagers & Doctors are also
not available, most of the times nurses are available here. There is one good thing that most of
delivery is done in the govt. hospitals, because they are aware of govt. scheme jananisurakcha
yojana in which govt. provides rupees 1700 to rural maternity if delivery is done in govt.
hospital, it will bring reduction in child and maternal maternity rate. For the vaccination they
visit AGANWADI which is running successfully.
7.6.VETERINARY HOSPITAL
There is no veterinary hospital in the village. Hospital is located 8 km from here which is in
kuliana. The common diseases for animals are occur in starting of rainy season when new grass
grows up, viz tonsils in mouth, water coming out from mouth & swelling in neck. For this 97%
of villagers practice their own treatment for their livestock, they give gradedjadi buti to animals.
But 3% of villagers those who have some knowledge go to veterinary hospital for treatment,
doctors gave them free prescription but for medicine he charges depending upon type of disease.
7.7.SANITATION FACILITY
Latrine facilities are very poor in the village. People use open space for it. When we ask thereason behind it most of them told that they like open space for latrine, because they are habitual
of it. Women are aware of sanitation benefits they use to keep clean their household and nearby
area regularly, on special occasions they also wash their households. There are only 5 latrines
available with 5 households.
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7.8.DRAINAGE & DRINKING WATER
The main source of drinking water is newly introduced pipeline in that village. The water supply
in that pipeline is time restricted. The supply of water through that pipeline comes 2 times in a
day i.e. in morning, from 7 am to 9.30 am & in evening, from 4 pm to 5.30 pm. The water of thetap is mainly used for drinking, bathing, washing & cooking purpose. It is the main reliable
source of water. The ratio of one tap is 1:20. The water of open well is not in drinkable position.
As it is a hilly area, the water is not good & pond water is very dirty & unhealthy.
There is no formal way of drainage system in that village.
7.9.EDUCATION FACILITY
Education facility is satisfactory in the village. There are 2 schools i.e. 1 primary school & 1 high
school which is government owned in that area. There are 293 students in the primary school &
95 students in the high school. Adequate no of staffs are also available in that 2 schools. There is
sufficient no of classrooms for the students. The result in 10th
board exam is average till now.
One Anganwadi is also there which is government owned in which 0-5 years students enroll and
pre-training is given to small children before they are admitted to school. Mid day meal is system
is there in the primary school. The responsibility is taken by a SHG.. The strength of the school
is 293.
Sc Gen & obc Total Total
male female male female male female Male female
29390
22 03 12 42 24 135 158
Source- school register
7.10 MARKETThere is no local market in that village. On Friday there is a weekly hat in the village. The
distance of nearest market is kuliana which is 12 away from the village. In the weekly hat one
can find all basic requirements.
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8. LOCAL ECONOMY
8.1. AGRICULTURE
As India is a village dominated country, agriculture is the main source of income. But in
kothabila village agriculture is not the main source of income. The soil in the village is rock type.
The water availability is very low. Pulse is the only agricultural product produced in that area.
The villagers engage themselves only for 4 months during rainy season in firming. There is no
souce of water instead of rain water. They dont produce for selling purpose because there is
always a deficit availability of crops. They only produce kharif. In 2010 there is heavy loss of
crops during drought.
8.2. ALLIED ACTIVITIES:NTFP (NON TIMBER FOREST PRODUCT)The village is totally depend upon the NTFP products like sabai grass, mahula flower. They
make a rope from the sabai grass. The rope is used for various purposes. They sell it in the local
market or in weekly market. 1 kg of rope made up of sabai grass costs 25-28 rs. One person
make 100 kg of rope in a month. They can easily earn upto 2500-2800 per month depending
upon the market condition. Sabai grass is easily available in the nearest forest. They also sell the
mahula flower to the local vendor. The period of mahula flower is from March to September. In
this period mahula flower is easily available in the forest. So forest is the main source of earning
livelihood for them.
8.3.MIGRATION
Migration is the main problem and income generating source after traditional farming. We can
consider migration as a problem but for the village people its the only solution left out if the
income from farming is not enough. It is prominent in slack season when no farming is left in
summer season. Very few people have migrated to outside. Very few people had gone to
Maharashtra & Bangalore for earning livelihood. They are getting 70 rs in a day excluding food.
8.4.DAILY WAGE LABOUR
Many of the villagers go for daily laborers. They are getting 50 rs per day including food.
Female workers are getting 40 rs per day. Under the NREGS the day laborers have got 70 rs per
day. From 365 days they are getting work for not more than 90 days which is not sufficient.
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8.5.SHOPThere are two kirana shops in the village which are run by local people.
9. CONSUMPTION HABIT
9.1 FOOD SECURITYThe availability of food grains is not good throughout the year except for the middle farmers who
have the surplus in terms of production and so they sell it to the market. Water paucity is the
major problem faced by the farmers in this area. About 95% of the farmers depend upon rain-fed
agriculture in direct or indirect ways. The villages have faced severe draught in 2007, 2008and
2010 due to which small farmers had to bear huge losses and bringing them in the marsh of debt.
Small and landless farmers work on the field of upper middle and progressive farmer and
sometimes they work as daily wage labour otherwise they have to migrate to full fill their food
security.
Crop Production Sufficient for family
use
Deficit Surplus
Cereals 1 30 1
Pulses 1 30 1
Oil/Ghee 1 31 0
Vegetable 2 30 0
Fruits 25 7 0
Cash Crops 0 8 0
Source- HHS questionnare
9.2. CREDIT FACILITY
People in this village take loan in informal ways; they take it either from relatives or from theirfriends because they dont have facility for Institutional way like Zamindar. Suppose ifthey take
loan from some relatives in form of Rs. 100 interest charge on them is 10% per month, means
they have to give Rs. 110 after one month. But if they take loan from some Bank it will charge
2% per annum.
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10. GOVERNANCE SYSTEM IN THE VILLAGEGovernance system: Shree sarat Chandra bhanjdeo is a progressive person and he knows well
about the yojana and schemes run by the government in kothabila village.
A. Brudha avasta Pension Yojana: In this old age people get pension from government
they get Rs. 300/month (single) & Rs. 500/month (couple).
Condition: Having 65 years of age & depend upon children & property they have
B. Vidhwa Avastha Pension Yojana: In this pension get to those women who lost their
husband Rs. 300/month.
Condition: Children having age less than 18 years.
C. Rashtriya Rozgar Guarantee (NREGA): National Rural Employment Guarantee Act.
In this people get 100% job guarantee within 15 days of their apply. They get job for 100
days and get wages in the form of Rs. 100/day.
D. Education:
(i)purna balika Shiksha Yojana: In thisall facilities are given by school authority to
girl, student those who are BPL.
(ii) Mid-dayMeal Yojana: In this for per children for its full month.
75 gm/day/child.
75gm*26=1950 (approx) of grains
E. Health:(a)Garbhavati Swasth Yojana: ST women who deliever hers child in hospital will
get Rs. 1500 from hospital authority.
(b)Tikaran: Free injection against vaccination from 0-5 years children
(c)Pulse Polio: Free drops for 0-5 years children.
F. Indira Awas Yojana:
In this BPL person given houses from government (cemented house) 2 people already
have this facility in kothabila.
G. Food Facility:
They get subsidy in higher prices of grains.
BPL: They get Rs. 5/kg of grains.
Antodaya: They get Rs. 2/kg of grains.
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32 HHS DATA ANALYSIS
TOTAL NO OF MEMBERS IN 32 HH.
Male- 78
Female- 92
Total-170
no of adult male 78
No of adult female 92
No of male between 0-6 14
No of female between 0-6 18
No of male between 7-18 16
No of female between 7-18 28
Total 170
Source- HHS questionnaire
In our 32 HHS out of total family members female rate is high than male. The HHs are consist of
54.11% of female members which is quite higher than the overall female of the village i.e. 51%.
The no of female members between 7-18 is high.
EARNING MEMBERS
Total no of earning member-64
Total no of female earning member-23
Average earning member per household is 2
Male participation in earning livelihood is more than female participation. As per the given data
of women earning member per household is 1. To some extend women are participating in
earning the livelihood.
SANITATION & DRINKING WATER FACILITY
According to our survey there is no private toilet with any of 32 household. They mostly use
open space for toilet. As per their view there are a lot of free lands so why should they make a
toilet for private use. It is also healthy for them.
For drinking water all the 32 household depend upon the piped system.
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Livestock
Cow 35
Bullock 23
Buffalo 12
Calf 13
Poultry 41
Source- HHS questionnaire
Every household is having a cow. They dont sell the milk of the cow. They keep the milk with
them for personal purpose. As there is no land available for 3 households, they dont have
bullock. Average poultry is 1 per household. They use the livestock as a income source by
selling them at the time of their need. They sell the livestock in the nearby weekly market.
INCOME
Average income per household-36185 thousand.
Highest income-84900 thousand.
Lowest income-9800 thousand.
Most of the households are depending upon the agricultural. Though agriculture is the main
source of income for certain period, all 32 households are producing NTFP to earn their
livelihood.
LITERACY RATE
Total no of people- 170
Total no of literate adult male 26
Total no of literate adult female 4
Total no of literate boys 11
Total no of literate girls 7
Boys dropout\ 25
Girls drop out-16 16
Percentage of literacy-28.23% 28.23%
The percentage literacy of these 32 households is very much lower than the overall percentage.
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Migration
No one have migrated in 32 households. Because they are happy with their livelihood.
VILLAGE DEVELOPMENT PLANAs we have spent one full month of our study in this village. We have observed and tried to
cover all the aspects of this village in depth. We have generated out puts through different PRAs
tools and try to conceptualize them so that we can arrive on a common conclusion which can
bring this village on the edge of development. Even though we cant denied the fact that two
month are a relatively less time to generate a development plan for a village. We can divide
development plan in two phases short and long term on the basis of time span.
Short term development planShort term plan should be implemented within a year; it brings all the urgent needs of the village
in the process of development. If we look at the problems irrigation is the main problem of the
villagers hence they feel that the well must be recharged at regular intervals.
Long term development planLong term plan are the actual plan which comes from an innovative mind of a scholar after
sparing a long time on a particular region and territory. It is necessary to have a complete
knowledge of all the available resources and local habit of the people before suggesting any ofthe development plans. Even though after sparing one month we are on a level to suggest few
long term development alternatives by keeping local available resources in mind.
Education
Standard of education in this village is not satisfactory for girls. Drop out ratio among children is
almost 80% after 8th
std. so there should be a separate school for the girls and boys up to 8th
std.
that will improve the literacy rate of village along with it reduces the chance of child marriage
and will bring female in the main stream.
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RAC
INTRODUCTION
Rural action component was a major portion of our village study segment in which our focus was
on the following:
To study what the rural folks loose when they are not aware of the running programmes
of government and Non-Governmental Organizations working in their area
To identify the best possible ways through which the rural people can avail the facilities
and the importance of the non -governmental organizations towards making those
facilities reach the villagers doorstep and hence act as a bridging link between
government and people.
To empower rural women and people is the need of the hour.
Our host organization SPARDA, is involved in various social activities including development
and conservational activities in the rural areas of Mayurbhanj. Their grassroots workers act as an
interface between the organization and the member clients. They perform the following
important tasks:
Counseling and creating awareness amongst communities towards numerous economic,
conservation and social issues.
Devote their time and talent to training rural women in the use of the new tools ofknowledge and skill empowerment
A newly introduced project on renewable energy (which is named as Amar Shakti Prakalp)
is organized by Winrock international Ltd. of Hyderabad in collaboration with our host
organisation SPARDA & supported by Ministry of New & Renewable Energy of India. The
main objectives of this component are:
1. Review the potential of existing renewable energy options for accessing carbon
revenues.
2. Create and establish community based institutional structure for sustenance of
initiatives.
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3. Create and support community based mechanism for maintenance for Renewable
Energy Units.
4. Create opportunity for new livelihood options and enhance productivity of existing
livelihood options by use of renewable energy.
5. Promote good business models through public, private community partnership.
6. Establish microfinance facility for renewable energy projects.
7. Training and capacity building of project personnel and community.
This project helps us to interact with the people of 20 villages which were a great experience for
us. We feel like we are also a part of village system. We felt that the development of the whole
country residing in the field of the villages. Our RAC topic is to make INSTITUTIONAL
ASSESMENT in all the 20 villages. Followings are the name of 20 villages:-
KESHARPUR JAMJARKE NODHANA
SATPOUTIA SANBADTALIA KUILISUTA
SANSARSPOSI KANJIA AMPUNJA
DARDARA KEUTUNIMARI SANNUAGAON
1MADHAPUR KOTHABILA DUDHIASULE
PANDASULE TIKAYATPUR KHAIRBANI
KALADAM CHELIKANI
OBJECTIVE OF RAC:The main objectives are:-
To make the rural people aware of getting the benefits from the developmental
programmes.
To give them accurate tools & technique so that they could utilize the benefit of that
progrmme.
METHODOLOGY:Followings are the qualitative & quantitative methods we have followed:-
QUALITATIVE-
FGDs with selected stakeholder.
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Intensive discussion with various stake holders of the groups or communities.
Village & institutional profiling.
QUNTITATIVE-
Review of records & secondary information.
Marking of institutions through a parameter.
ACTIVITY PROFILE/AGENDA:-The following task was assigned to us by the host organization,
To make an institutional assessment in every village.
To identify the active community or individual in 20 villages of Kuliana & Chandua
block.
RAC PLACE AND PERIOD:-We conducted our RAC in 20 villages of KULIANA AND CHANDUA block for 3 weeks.
IMPLEMENATATION PROCESS :-Participation is a key word for any improvement or development intervention in the desired area.
It provides the feedback from the persons who are closest to the situation and thus is the right
person to identify particular intricacies.
Fgd With Selected Stake Holders
For completion of our RAC, i.e. institutional assessment, we need to identify the community or
group in every of our assigned village. Organizations field staff Mr. ashok Chandra patra helps
us to our target groups. Then we had organized a focus group discussion with every identified
group like SHG, VSS, JFM, CLUBS etc in the villages. There we discussed with them about the
activities, their scope of work, help from the government, implementation strategy,
responsibilities taken etc.
Intensive Discussion With Various Stake Holders Of The Institution
In our FGD we had come over a demerit i.e. the participation of every member of the group was
not involved in the discussion. Only the secretary & president were participating in the
discussion. Other members were dominated by them. So we planned to have a intensive
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discussion with different members of the group individually. We also asked some of question
regarding their institution. This method was really fruitful to us because the information which
was given by the president & secretary was cross checked.
Institutional ProfilingWe had a look over into their documents. There we found out their establishment year, working
period, loans taken, financial health of the organization.
Review Of Records And Secondary Information
There was some data with our host organization about the institutions in all the above villages
which helps us to gather more data about the institutions in our assigned villages. We also asked
some of the villagers about whether the organizations are productively working or not.
Marking Institutions With A Parameter
We had prepared a parameter to mark the institutions.
OUTCOMES Mainly SHGs are more active in all villages.
Out of 20 village shgs are active in 9 villages, vss are active in 5 villages, ward member
in 3 villages.
Rest of the 3 had not shown any kind of interest in this activity.
Women participation is more than men participation.
Different type of new ideas had come from the women community like community
biogas plant.
In some of villages the VSS committee was willing to take the responsibility.
Overall in all villages the meeting was successful due to the curiosity of the villagers to
gain knowledge about a new thing.
KEY SUCCESS FACTORS Host organization SPARDA has good skilled personnels in the field.
Mr. Sharda gautam who had guided us during RAC time.
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Field staff Mr. Ashok & Mr. Manoranjan who help during our activity.
Our reporting officer Mr. Suvendu panigrahi gave some useful tips which help us to
complete our RAC in a productive manner.
Especially the cooperation of villagers was a big factor for us.
LESSONS LEARNT:1) It was a very good lesson for me, and actually knows the problem that the worker is facing in
the field. I learn that how to deal with the people.
We should first hear them and try to get some information of their issues which they were facing
and after that give them the solution of what they need.
2) It is not easy to convince the village people in the initial process. As they refuse all the new
activity. But after if they convince with the matter then it helps a lot. They give their support andtheir valuable time. In village some people are soft hearted and they have very much hope form
the new person that arrived in their village specially the NGO people.
As they have hoped that some activity will change their way of living. But some people will not
listen to anyone and also create the negativity in others mind also.
There was one such incidence that has happen with us during one meeting, one woman says that
nothing will improve our condition and all these things are useless. We will do the things which
we were doing from the past; we cant do the things which you are saying to us. And on the
opposite side many womens was listening to us carefully and appreciate that we had given them
a good knowledge that can help them. But at the end of the day we are able to convince that
woman also. After that she apologizes about the way they were behaving. This is really a good
lesson to learn that how to convince the people.
3) Doing work in a responsible way:
When we reach in the villages for our RAC, we have a responsibility for two sides first as a
student we have the responsibility of the college reputation, and second the responsibility of the
image of our host organization because we are doing the activity in villages where our host
organization has worked. So we have to take action by taking these activities in our mind. And
we achieve this.
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OVERALL EXPERIENCE AS GRASSROOT CHANGE AGENT:-This firsthand experience in village for such a long time gave us enough exposure to know
village from scratch.
Often we were intrigued by the question that what difference it will make, if we use the top down
approach or bottom up approach for development, in both the cases we had to bring about a
positive change in the lives of the rural poor. Actually, we found that various initiatives taken
with the top down approach did not bear enough results and prove injustices to the rural live. The
important insight which we got from the village stay was that we cannot bracket all the villagers
together and no generalization can be made.
To make the various development initiatives sustainable we must try to achieve a proper balance
between both the external and the internal factors responsible for the current situation. This is
because sustainable development cannot be achieved if the external factors are strong without
internal preparedness.
It is compulsory to understand the village dynamics in terms of political, economical and
traditional before starting collecting information. Sometimes I felt the need of cross checking of
information. In that situation if we know the villagers equation well then it will help a lot.
Sometimes cultural factors create a great havoc.
We personally felt this thing that when you are going to a village other than you own area then
you must understand the cultural differences between yours and theirs. Because something maygood in your culture may create disastrous in their culture
As part of the curriculum, in the first term we learnt through classroom sessions and the village
stay segment gave us the opportunity to learn through experiences. Learning may lead to a
change of behavior in an individual and lead him to formulate new conceptual knowledge
regarding attitudes, values etc. The field work has given experiences and memories which will
help me shape long term goals for us.
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THEME PAPER
ACCESS TO RENEWABLE ENERGY: AN ECONOMIC
DEVELOPMENT PARAMETER IN RURAL AREAS OFMAYURBHANJ.
SOCIETY FOR PEOPLES AWARENESS AND RURAL
DEVELOPMENT ACTION (SPARDA)
Kiit school of Rural Management
Kiit University
Bhubaneswar
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INTRODUCTION
Renewable energy is energy generated from natural resources such as sunlight, water, wind, rain,
tides, geothermal sources and biomass sources as energy crops. India is said to be one of the
seven largest consumers of energy, but the growing gap between consumption and domestic
output is a cause of concern.
Indias share in global oil reserves is about 0.5%, where as its share in global consumption is
about 3%. India is still dependent to extent of 30% - 35% on non commercial fuel sources like
cow dung, firewood, agricultural waste etc. The growing energy needs of the economics,
specifically India, risk enhanced environmental damage from conventional carbon based sources
of energy.
The pressure on petrol is mounting & we have to concentrate on conservation of petroleum.
Towards conservation of petroleum consumption, the government has to ration supplies of
cooking gas, kerosene & petrol, improve power generation, and focus on alternative sources of
energy such as - solar, wind & bio-fuels, setup energy standards for all vehicles and a mass
awareness for conservation. As the countrys petroleum bill grows & future supplies look
volatile or insecure, alternative needs to be explored.
Renewable sources of energy vary widely in their cost effectiveness and
their availability across the world. Although water, wind and other renewable may appear free,
their cost comes in collecting, harnessing and transporting the energy so that it can do usefulwork. Renewable energy technology like solar, biomass, hydro etc are deployed both in rural and
urban areas to curb the growing gap between the demand and supply of power, which is due to
increase in the per capita energy consumption and importantly, the much hyped climate change
concern. At 10464 MW, India presently ranks fifth in the world in wind generation. The future of
solar photovoltaic development in India seems to be very bright.
The 6 renewable energy sources used most often are - :
Solar
Wind
Geothermal
WaterHydropower
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Biomassincluding wood and wood waste, municipal solid waste, landfill gas, biogas,
ethanol and biodiesel
Hydrogen
ENERGY AND POVERTY:
Over 600 million Indians, have no access to electricity- reflected in the relatively low
Human development index
Poor people spend up to a third of their income on energy, mostly to cook food
Women, in particular, devote a considerable amount of time to collecting, processing and
using traditional fuel for cooking-time which could be spent on child care, education or
income generation.
Several people die every year due to illness related to smoke from cooking fire
Pressure on the environment
Poverty eradication will not be achieved without energy to increase production and
income, create jobs and reduce drudgery energy is a crucial factor for getting out of
poverty traps.
FOCUS:
The project is focusing about four things, these are -:
Solar cooker
Improved Chula
Bio gas
Solar light
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:
The prime objectives are:
Promote renewable energy to meet the energy needs of the community
Economic development of rural areas by improving access to renewable energy
Promote renewable energy based enterprises with focus on income generation.
To increase the access and use of renewable energy for meeting the energy needs in
the rural areas through a community based approach
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Formulating and piloting approach and implementation structure that will be
mainstreamed through government systems and market based mechanisms.
RENEWABLE ENERGY PLANNING FRAMEWORK:
The below figure describes the planning framework of the project
Methodology:
The methodology adopted by us is as follows
Focus Group discussions ( FGD) with stake holder
Key informant interviews Intensive discussion with various stakeholder
In-depth Discussion with PRI members
Village and institutional profiling
House hold survey
- Assessing the status of key socio economic indicators
RaisingAwareness levelof people about
RET
Prepairing "list" ofinterested
households,groupsand enterprises
Prepairing
detailed energyusage profile ofthe interestedparticipants
Enumerating financiallinkage alternatives
for interestedparticipants
evolving linkagewith suppliers of
necessaryequipment and
raw material
Identification & trainingof the urja
vahaks
service feesmechanisim
formaintainanc
e
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- Experience of households on programme process
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY:
Project villages:
20 villages in 3 Gram panchayats of Kuliana Block, mayurbhanj is selected area for study.
Three Gram panchayats are Nodhana panchayat (8 villages), Purunapani panchayat (7 villages)
and keutanimari panchayat (5 villages). The number of households across villages ranges
between 46 to 278. Around 73.25% population in the project villages is BPL, 50% of the
population is OBC and 39% of the populations are under ST category.
Source of Data:
The required data are collected from both primary and secondary sources. Primary data was
collected from the villages through various methods which included the questioner prepared
under the supervision of Mr. Sarda Gautam (SPARDA), PRA exercises, focused group
discussion, Village transect work, formal meetings and interviews. Others data are collected by
us with the help of field staff who were working for SPARDA.
Instruments and methods used in collecting data:
The meeting was conducted during the preliminary stage of the study covering almost all
assigned villages. It helped in acquiring firsthand information. PRA exercise like chapattidiagram and problem identification was used to collect proper selective information. Apart from
that questioner prepared by us and formal meeting was giving us ample of information regarding
the project. The discussion held during the meeting with sarpanch, ward member and SHG
members helped in developing an insight about the peop les perception and evaluation of their
current situation.
DATA ANALYSIS:
Statistical tolls like graphs, bar charts, averages, percentage, ranking, institutional assessment
used to analyzed the data collected.
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LIMITATIONS:
Most of the villages ward members were demanding for money to arrange a meeting.
Since the place was very risky in terms of staying back after 7.30 pm this even shortened
the time of interview.
Proper channel of visualization will make some worthful impacts comparison to laptop
screen.
LITERATURE REVIEW:
SOLAR COOKER:
Solar energy is the energy derived from the sun through the form of solar radiation. India
receives solar energy equivalent to over 5000 trillion kWh/year, which is far more than the total
energy consumption of the country. Solar energy is the most readily available source of energy.
It does not belong to any body and is, therefore, free. It is also the most important of the non-
conventional sources of energy because it is non-polluting and, therefore, helps in lessening the
greenhouse effect.
When we hang out our clothes to dry in the sun, we use the energy of the sun. In the
same way, solar panels absorb the energy of the sun to provide heat for cooking. Humanitarian
organizations are promoting solar energy use worldwide to help slow deforestation and
desertification, caused by using wood as fuel for cooking. Solar cookers are a form of outdoor
cooking and are often used in situations where minimal fuel consumption is important, or the
danger of accidental fires is high. The basic principles of solar cookers are
Concentrating sunlight: Some device, usually a mirror or some type of reflective
metal, is used to concentrate light and heat from the sun into a small cooking area,
making the energy more concentrated and therefore more potent.
Converting light to heat: Any black on the inside of a solar cooker, as well as
certain materials for pots, will improve the effectiveness of turning light into heat. A
black pan will absorb almost all of the sun's light and turn it into heat, substantially
improving the effectiveness of the cooker. Also, the better a pan conducts heat, the
faster the oven will work.
Trapping heat: Isolating the air inside the cooker from the air outside the cooker
makes an important difference. Using a clear solid, like a plastic bag or a glass cover,
will allow light to enter, but once the light is absorbed and converted to heat, a
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plastic bag or glass cover will trap the heat inside. This makes it possible to reach
similar temperatures on cold and windy days as on hot days.
(Parabolic solar cooker) (Box solar cooker)
ADVANTAGES:
- Solar ovens can be used to prepare anything that can be made in a conventional oven or
stove from baked bread to steamed vegetables to roasted meat. Since solar ovens are
placed outside, they do not contribute unwanted heat inside houses.
- Solar cookers use no fuel, which means that their users do not need to fetch or pay for
firewood, gas, electricity, or other fuels.
- Solar cookers do not produce any smoke.
- Unlike cooking over an open fire, children cannot be burned by touching solar cookers,
which are made from the cardboard or plastic and do not get hot. Unlike all fuel-based
cooking arrangements, solar cookers are not fire hazards.
DISADVANTAGES:
- Solar cooking system provides hot food during or shortly after the hottest part of the day,
when people are less inclined to eat a hot meal.
- Solar cookers take longer time to cook food compared to an oven. Using a solar oven
therefore requires that food preparation be started several hours before the meal.
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- Solar cookers are less usable in cloudy or rainy weather, so some fuel-based backup heat
source must still be available to cook food at these times.
BIOGAS:
India has a lot of organic wastes that are generated from the various agricultural and agro
industries, which need to be appropriately decomposed and degraded. Biogas is generated
through of anaerobic decomposition of organic wastes or any other bio-degradable materials.
This process is not only helps in disposing of waste, which would otherwise be polluting the
environment, and also a fuel to energy scarce areas. It is a type of gas that is formed by the
biological breakdown of organic matter in an oxygen deficient environment. It is encountered as
an ecofriendly biofuel. Thus it is an appropriate and renewable energy sources dependant solely
on wastes, which is abundant in nature so it is cheap and provides a decentralized fuel for the
most rural areas. Biogas can be generated from cattle dung, human excreta, leaves, oilcakes etc.
But due to the various and community constraints cattle dung has been found to be one of the
better resources of biogas production thus in India it has been known as Gobar (dung) gas.
The salient features of biogas are as follows:
Convenient cooking fuel
Upgrades the sanitary conditions of the village
Prevents deforestation and withholds environmental degradation
Cheap and appropriate lighting gas
Can be used in dual-fuel engine for generation of electricity of pumping water in
irrigation facilities
The remaining slurry from the biogas plant is a humus rich high quality organic fertilizer
Improves the hygienic condition of the kitchen
Eco-friendly and uses wastes
The Deenabandhu model is new biogas production model popular India. (Deenabandhu means
friend of the helpless.). The unit usually has a capacity of 2 to 3cubic meters. It is constructed
using bricks. In India biogas cost is around 16,000 per 2 cubic meters, however Indias ministry
of non conventional energy sources offers some subsidies per model constructed. Biogas is
now running diesel engines, gas generators, kitchen ovens, geysers other utilities.
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(Biogas model)
ADVANTAGES:
It will remove the fear that the world will one day face shortage crisis of natural gas. And
Government will spend less for imported gas.
Biogas will enable majority of communities in different countries, to participate actively
in the power sector, since these raw materials would be extracted from these communities
in various countries of the world. And thereby encourage rapid development from the
Rural Areas in various countries of the world.
Biogas would bring about jobs creation, and encourages new inventions like chemical
experiments, Agricultural development and methods of improving large scale farming.
Then, more industries would be created, and a new improved living would be
experienced by low income earners in the populace, and this would reduce urban
congestion in most countries.
DISADVANTAGES:
The biogas yields are lower due to the dilute nature of substrates.
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The process is not very attractive economically (as compared to other biofuels) on a large
industrial scale.
Recombinant DNA technology and even strain improvement techniques cannot be used
to enhance the efficiency of the process.
The only improvement in the process can be brought about by optimizing the
environmental conditions of the anaerobic digestion.
SOLAR LIGHT:
Solar home lighting system or solar photovoltaic domestic lighting system is a solar powered
fixed light system, which gives Omni- directional and pure white light. A solar home lighting
system is ideal for areas, which have no electricity or are undergoing frequent power cuts. It is
suitable for all type of houses with abundant sunlight particularly in non- electrified areas in the
remote corners of the state.
Solar energy through the process of photovoltaic effect powers the battery for running solar
home lighting systems. Energy from the sun is extracted by the solar cells so conventional
electricity or energy is not required at allduring a sunny day, the PV module placed in
sunlight and connected by cable to the battery in the solar home lighting system, absorbs the
energy in the battery. In the evening, the charged battery provides the electrical energy to light
the lighting device.
ADVANTAGES:
long life
Higher reliability
Non polluting
Works without any recurring and expensive conventional energy sources
The home lighting system also works on lightly cloudy days
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(Solar home light) (Solar LED light)
DISADVANTAGE:
Initial Costs:
While solar powered Christmas lights could save money in the long run on your energy
bill, the initial cost is generally higher than traditional incandescent lights. On average,
forty feet of solar LED Christmas lights costs 1600.
Sun dependency:Relying on the suns rays for energy, solar powered Christmas lights must be placed
where they will receive adequate sunlight. Without enough sunlight, the batteries will not
fully charge, causing the lights to shine dimly and for only a few hours.
Overheating:
If overheating does occur, they will not function properly and will not shine as brightly
and eventually may stop working.
Appearance:
Solar powered Christmas lights can have different shapes and colors than incandescent
bulbs, so expect a slight change in your light displays appearance. Also, while solar
powered Christmas lights generally shine brighter, they have only one degree of
brightness.
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IMPROVED CHULAH:
In India, fuel- wood is one of the major sources of cooking fuel. Traditional wood cook stoves
(chulah) consumes huge amount of wood as these are not scientifically designed for efficiency.
Improved cook stoves are the models designed in such a manner so that in order to make them
environmental friendly.
In traditional models of wood- cookstoves, the heat generated from the combustion of wood is
largely lost due to the open mouth of chulha and thin walls. In the improved chulah the heat of
combustion is concentrated and in a particular direction in the chulha thereby conveying all the
heat to the bottom of the cooking utensil.
In fixed models, the provision of chimney effects removes the smoke while regulating the heat
transfer. These are made out of mud, AC pipe chimney, cowl, prefabricated tunnels and pottery
lining.
ADVANTAGES:
Reduce fuel-wood consumption leading to saving of trees and thus ecologically better
than traditional model of cook-stoves.
Energy efficient thus reducing the cooking time
Reduction /elimination of smoke and soot , thus more hygienic
Economic for the rural people
Reduction of deforestation
Cheap and viable for even the poorest of the poor
Reduce the drudgery of women and children
There is no change in cooking culture of the family/community
Though it doesnt remove the dependence on fuel-wood but helps save fuel wood
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(Improved chulha)
COST- BENEFIT ANALYSIS
Assumption-
An average family of 6 persons uses 200 kg/month
Price of firewood: Rs3/kg Average cooking time 6hrs/day
Average firewood savings and time savings 30%
Average stove price: Rs 450
Financial benefit: Rs 60/month
Time saving: 2 hrs/day
Payback period 7.5 months
FINDINGS, OBSERVATION AND RECOMMENDATION:
General findings:
The survey was conducted on 20 villages where we found male respondents were 42% and
female respondents were 58%.
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Respondant distribution-
Source: questionnaire survey
Tolls using by people for cooking:
We observed several things of villagers when we were doing formal meeting. We get to know
the amount of instruments used by them for cooking
36%
64%
Male Female
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Problems facing by people for cooking:
0.00%
10.00%
20.00%
30.00%
40.00%
50.00%
60.00%
70.00%
80.00%
90.00%
100.00%
firewood Kerosene Dung cake Solar Biogas
0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 120%
Smoky
Uncontroled fame
Adverse effects on health
dusty
expensive
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MAJOR FINDINGS:
We found out some valuable information about the 4 things. People appreciate the renewable
energy concept very much, they are keen interested for demonstration. Some people wanting the
appropriate cost of the renewable energy sources. They are conscious about the surroundings but
the absence of money doesnt allow them to cross their circumstances.
The good thing we noticed about the villagers they feel that alternative
energy resources can be good for rural communities and consumers
ENERGY CONSUMPTION PATTERNECONOMIC GROUP:
APL 100% 4.67% 96.26% 2.80% 27.10% 38.32% 49.53%
BPL 100% 6.48% 98.98% 1.02% 35.15% 38.91% 52.22%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
Fire wood Dung cake Kerosene LPG Biomass Electricity Battery
APL
BPL
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COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS DISTANCE, TIME AND QUANTITY:
With increasing distance, quantity of collection will be less
Doesnt reflect amount collected for dung fertilizer
Longest collection time per unit fuel
RESPONSE ON ALTERNATIVE ENERGY SOURCES:
When we were conducting meeting with villagers in different villages, we made a questionnaire
about the renewable energy sources and get to know the particular data of people regarding our
project. We measure that improved chulha is the prime focus of the villagers comparisons to all
other sources due to the lees amount.
2.5
0.68
1.97
1.497
4.36
5.31
3.71
0.86
1.52
11.14
5
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
Firewood Dung cake Biomass Kerosene
Distance
travelled(km/person/trip)
Time Ellapsed(hr/person/trip)
Resource procurement(kg or
lt/person/trip)
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OBSERVATION:
The basic problem for cooking is not a problem in the village but in the rainy seasons and
unavailability of wood leads to problems and they had to go for long distance to collect
wood.
They spent a lot of time for collecting wood
We saw that some households had biogas plant but the issue is that due to the stagnate
position; people want some more clarification about the model before they apply.
Recommendation:
Before actually implementing prepare the people towards the usage of alternative energy sources
by showing the actual benefits in all aspects whether it be reducing the cooking expense or it is
minimize the usage of wood or it be the use of the waste for the purpose. Before implementing
whole project this very important there should be all sorts of ways done like showing them thedemonstration of each model.
Train the people by professionals towards keeping the sources of renewable energy smooth,
clear and functioning so that they can be reliant. This can be done to the youth of the village as
this will help them to make some money for them self.
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
solar cooker biogas solar light improved chulha
Good
It's ok
Bad
Very bad
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CONCLUSION:
Meeting the basic energy needs of the poorest people on this planet is a moral and social
imperative that can and must be pursued in concert with sustainability objectives.
Renewable energy in its many forms offers immense opportunities for technological
progress and innovation.
Biofuel hold great promise for simultaneously addressing climate change and energy
security concern.
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NSS ACTIVITY
National service scheme (NSS) is an Indian government-sponsored program under the
department of youth Affairs & Sports of the Government of India. It was launched on September
24, 1969. The symbol for the NSS has been based on the giant Rath wheel of the world famous
konark sun temple situated in odisha, India. The wheel portrays the cycle of creation,
preservation and release and signifies the movement in life across in time and space, the symbols
thus stands for continuity as well as change and implies the continuous of NSS for social change.
The eight bars in the wheel represent the 24 hours of a day. The red colour indicates that the
volunteer is full of young blood that is lively, active, energetic and full of high spirit. The navy
blue colour indicates the cosmos of which the NSS is tiny part, ready to contribute its share for
the welfare of the mankind.
AIM:This programme is to inculcate the social welfare thoughts in the students, and to provide
service to the society without any prejudice. NSS volunteers work hard day and night to ensure
that every one in our society who is needy gets the every possible help from them so that they
can also enhance their standards and lead a life of dignity in the society with all of us.
MOTTO:The motto of NSS not me but you reflects the essence of democratic living and upholds the
need for selfless service. NSS helps the student develop appreciation to other persons point of
view and also show consideration to other living beings.
OBJECTIVE:The main objectives of National service scheme (NSS) are:
i. Understand the community in which they work
ii. Understand themselves in relation to their community
iii. Identify the needs and problems of the community and involve in the problem
solving
iv. Develop among themselves a sense of social and civic responsibility
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v. Utilize their knowledge in finding practical solutions to individual and community
problems
vi. Acquire leadership qualities and democratic attitudes.
We did some National service scheme activities keeping all the above things in mind. It was a
great experience as well as learning for both of us.
SCHEDULE OF NSS ACTIVITIES CONDUCTED DURINGVILLAGE STUDY SEGMENT:S. NO. DATE Activities Participants
1 22-01-11 Childrens education & computer
awareness programme
school teacher
school childrens
drop outs childrens
2 24-01-11 Making childrens comfortable for
cleaning the village and school
campuses.
School childrens
School teachers
including principal
3 26-01-11 We celebrated 26th
January in a school of
kothabila village. We gave speeches on
various issues like importance of
education, saving jungle, women
education & empowerment.
Ward member
Village leader
Principal of the
school
Guest
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4
26-01-11 Make rally on protecting jungle issue School childrens
School teachers
including principal
5 26-01-11 Arrange a cultural activities among the
school childrens including
Singing, dancing and debate competition
ward member
school childrens
village leader school
principal guest
ACTIVITIES IN DETAILS:(i) Childrens education and computer awareness program -:
When we saw the school we were astonished because in that village the condition of the school
was much better than other school in the same block (kuliana block).The school strength was
293,around 85% seats were occupied by tribal students. The teachers in kothabila Sebashrama
School were very dedicated towards their work but we got to know that students were unaware
about computer & its application. So we decided to help students by spending some time teach
them. Students were enjoyed a lot and we love their company. Then we gave some valuable
information about education to the tribal student. Finally we suggested the school principal to
give computer knowledge to the students so that the future of the student can be fertilized.
(ii) Making childrens comfortable for cleaning the village & school campuses-:
It was very interesting task for the childrens in kothabila village. Before start we gave a b rief
idea about the benefits of the topic and the childrens were motivated to participate in cleaning
the village & school campuses.
(iii) 26th January celebration-:It was a nice experience to celebrate the 62th republic day with the kids of kothabila sebashrama
of kothabila village. The principal of the school approved our proposal for our NSS activities
with their children. The program stated at 7.30 a.m. Village leader with the sarapanch was the
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chief guest in that function. Flag hoisting was done by the other guest came from the same block
at 8.15 a.m. After that we gave brief speech about various issues like importance of education,
saving jungle, women education and empowerment etc. The principal appreciated us a lot.
(iv) Rally on protecting jungle-:
The word jungle originates from the Sanskrit word jungala which referred to uncultivated land.
The villager specially depends upon the jungle for their livelihoods so we decide to make a rally
upon the jungle issue. Mayurbhanj district is covered by full of jungle but abundant cutting trees
has been hampering the jungle. We two made some slogan in regional language, so that people
can understand the importance of jungle & environment. The slogans are - ama samastakanra
gotia daka savinyen misi jungle rakha, grama basi ek hua jungle surakhya ku agey nia,
paribesa jebe nasta heba roga byadhi sabu madi asiba. Almost all of the school childrens
including principal, teachers, sarapanch & SHG members were actively participated in that rally.
At last sarapanch as well as principal of that school appreciated our work. In this way we
completed our rally in very prosperous manner.
(iv) Cultural activities-:After successfully completion of rally we arranged cultural activities among the students. It
includes singing, dancing and debate competition. The cultural programme started with a
welcome song sung by the students. Students from different classes actively participated in the
cultural activities. We assigned chief guest as the judge of the programme. The cultural
programme continued for an hour in which many students participated in different events. After
the completion of the programme chief guest announced the winner from different category and
gave the students their reward. The eye-catching activities was a duet dance performed by tribal
girls in their local language, it was awesome. Finally we gave them a consolation prize.
After completion of the cultural activities we gave a memento
as a vote of thanks to the chief guest and the principal of the school from KIIT School of rural
management, Bhubaneswar. It was a great experience as well as learning from both of us while
performing all these activities. In this way we celebrated Republic day and accomplished ourNSS activities.
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