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THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2020 Feb.; 31(2), 104 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/KJKIEES.2020.31.2.104 ISSN 1226-3133 (Print) ISSN 2288-226X (Online) 104 . ์„œ ๋ก  , , , , . [1] . , RF . , . , RF , [2] . 2 (The 2 nd Research and Development Institute, Agency for Defense Development) Manuscript received November 25, 2019 ; Revised January 31, 2020 ; Accepted February 24, 2020. (ID No. 20191125-126) Corresponding Author: Taehwan Joo (e-mail: [email protected]) SATCOM Design of Tile-Type Tx-Phased Array Antenna System for Ku-Band Satellite Communication ์ฃผํƒœํ™˜ ๊น€๊ธฐ์ฒ  ๋™๋ฌธํ˜ธ ์„œ์ข…์šฐ Taehwan Joo Kichul Kim Munho Dong Jongwoo Seo ์š” ์•ฝ Ku , . 1 RF/ 4 . , Ku 24 dBi 12ยฐ . 500 MHz phi 0ยฐ theta 40ยฐ 3ยฐ . Ku , . Abstract This paper presents the design, manufacture, and performance test results of a highly integrated tile-type transmit (Tx)-phased array antenna for Ku-band satellite communication, which comprises an RF/ANT board and four multi-layer boards. The electrical performance test of the antenna demonstrated a gain and beamwidth of 24 dBi and 12ยฐ at the center of the operating frequency in the Ku-band, respectively. Furthermore, the beam squint performance was less than 3ยฐ when the steering angles were 0ยฐ and 40ยฐ in the phi and theta directions, respectively. With the proposed tile-type antenna, a conformal phased array antenna can be produced for satellite communication in the Ku-band. Key words: Tile Type, Tx Tile, Phased Array Antenna, Conformal Antenna, Satellite Communication โ“’ Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved.

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THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. 2020 Feb.; 31(2), 104โˆผ112.

http://dx.doi.org/10.5515/KJKIEES.2020.31.2.104ISSN 1226-3133 (Print)โ€คISSN 2288-226X (Online)

104

โ… . ์„œ ๋ก 

์ผ๋ฐ˜์ ์ธ ๋Šฅ๋™ ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๋Š” ์†ก์ˆ˜์‹  ๋ชจ๋“ˆ, ๋ƒ‰๊ฐํŒ, ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ฐ์ „๋ ฅ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๋ฐ ํ”ผ๋“œ๋„คํŠธ์›Œํฌ๋กœ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œํ•ด๋‹น๋ฐฐ์—ด์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฌผ๋ฆฌ์  ๋ ˆ์ด์•„์›ƒ์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ ๋ธŒ๋ฆญํ˜•, ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ดํ˜•, ํƒ€์ผํ˜•์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ๋ถ„๋œ๋‹ค. ๋ธŒ๋ฆญํ˜• ๋ฐฐ์—ด์€ ํ•˜๋‚˜์˜ ์†ก์ˆ˜์‹  ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์ด ์ง์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜•์˜ ๋ฒฝ๋Œ

ํ˜•ํƒœ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง„๋‹ค[1]. ์—๋„ˆ์ง€ ์ €์žฅ ์บํŒจ์‹œํ„ฐ, ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ฐ ์ „๋ ฅ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐํšŒ๋กœ ๋ฐ RF๋ถ€ ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์†Œ์ž๊ฐ€ ๊ธด ๋ฒฝ๋Œ์— ์ˆ˜์ง์œผ๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์น˜๋œ๋‹ค. ํŠธ๋ ˆ์ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋ฆญํ˜•๊ณผ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€๊ฑฐ์˜ ๋™์ผํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ๊ฐ ๋ถ€๋ฐฐ์—ด ์ž์ฒด์— ์ „์› ๊ณต๊ธ‰์žฅ์น˜๊ฐ€ ๋‚ด์žฅ๋˜์–ด ์žˆ๋‹ค.ํƒ€์ผ ๋ฐฐ์—ด๊ตฌ์กฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์†ก์ˆ˜์‹  ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์ด ์ง์‚ฌ๊ฐํ˜• ํƒ€์ผ๋ชจ

์–‘์ด๋ฉฐ, RF ๋ชจ๋“ˆ, ๋ฐฉ์‚ฌ์†Œ์ž๋Š” ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฉด์— ํ‰ํ–‰ํ•˜๊ฒŒ ์ ์ธต๋œ๋‹ค[2]. ํƒ€์ผ ๋ฐฐ์—ด๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๋ธŒ๋ฆญ ํ˜•ํƒœ์— ๋น„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜

๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๊ณผํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ์ œ2๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๋ณธ๋ถ€(The 2nd Research and Development Institute, Agency for Defense Development)โ€คManuscript received November 25, 2019 ; Revised January 31, 2020 ; Accepted February 24, 2020. (ID No. 20191125-126)โ€คCorresponding Author: Taehwan Joo (e-mail: [email protected])

SATCOM์šฉ ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์†ก์‹  ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ค๊ณ„

Design of Tile-Type Tx-Phased Array Antenna System for Ku-Band Satellite Communication

์ฃผํƒœํ™˜โ€ค๊น€๊ธฐ์ฒ โ€ค๋™๋ฌธํ˜ธโ€ค์„œ์ข…์šฐ

Taehwan Jooโ€คKichul Kimโ€คMunho Dongโ€คJongwoo Seo

์š” ์•ฝ

๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” Ku ๋Œ€์—ญ ์œ„์„ฑ ํ†ต์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์†ก์‹  ์œ„์ƒ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„, ์ œ์ž‘ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์†ก์‹  ์œ„์ƒ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๋Š” 1์žฅ์˜ RF/์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ๋ฐ 4์žฅ์˜ ๋‹ค์ธต๊ธฐํŒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋‹ค. ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์˜ ์ „๊ธฐ์  ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, Ku ๋Œ€์—ญ ๋™์ž‘ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์˜ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์—์„œ ์•ฝ 24 dBi์˜ ์ด๋“ ๋ฐ 12ยฐ ๋น”ํญ์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ๋™์ž‘ ๋Œ€์—ญํญ์ธ 500 MHz์—์„œphi๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 0ยฐ theta ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ 40ยฐ ๋น”์ง€ํ–ฅ์‹œ ์ „ ๋Œ€์—ญ์—์„œ 3ยฐ ์ดํ•˜์˜ ๋น” ํŽธ์ด์˜ค์ฐจ๋กœ ๋น” ์ง€ํ–ฅ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ํƒ€์ผ์˜ ๋‹ค์ˆ˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด Ku ๋Œ€์—ญ์˜ ์œ„์„ฑํ†ต์‹ ์šฉ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌํ˜„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์˜ ๋‹ค์–‘ํ•œ ํ˜•์ƒ์— ์ ์‘ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ์ปจํฌ๋ฉ€ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค.

Abstract

This paper presents the design, manufacture, and performance test results of a highly integrated tile-type transmit (Tx)-phased array antenna for Ku-band satellite communication, which comprises an RF/ANT board and four multi-layer boards. The electrical performance test of the antenna demonstrated a gain and beamwidth of 24 dBi and 12ยฐ at the center of the operating frequency in the Ku-band, respectively. Furthermore, the beam squint performance was less than 3ยฐ when the steering angles were 0ยฐ and 40ยฐ in the phi and theta directions, respectively. With the proposed tile-type antenna, a conformal phased array antenna can be produced for satellite communication in the Ku-band.

Key words: Tile Type, Tx Tile, Phased Array Antenna, Conformal Antenna, Satellite Communication

โ“’ Copyright The Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science. All Rights Reserved.

SATCOM์šฉ ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์†ก์‹  ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ค๊ณ„

105

์˜ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ๋ฅผ ํฌ๊ฒŒ ์ค„์ด๋ฉฐ, ํ˜•์ƒ ์ ์‘ํ˜• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š”์žฅ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ํƒ€์ผ ๋ฐฐ์—ด๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๋งค์šฐ ๋„“์€ ๊ฐœ๊ตฌ๋ฉด์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉด์„œ๋„ ๊ฒฝ๋Ÿ‰ํ™”๋œ ๋Šฅ๋™์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์‚ฌ์šฉ๋˜๋Š” ๊ธฐ์ˆ ๋กœ ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ ๋“ฑ์— ํƒ‘์žฌ๋˜๋Š” ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๋กœ ์‘์šฉ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋‹ค์ˆ˜์˜ ์†Œ์ž๋ฅผ ๋†’

์€ ์ง‘์ ๋„๋กœ ๋ฐฐ์—ดํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์—ด๋ฌธ์ œ๋กœ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์—ดํ™”๊ฐ€

๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๊ธฐ ์‰ฝ๋‹ค[3]. ์ง‘์ ๋„์™€ ์—ด๋ฌธ์ œ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํ•ด๊ฒฐ์„ ์œ„ํ•ด ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด์•ˆ

ํ…Œ๋‚˜์—์„œ ๋ถ€๋ฐฐ์—ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ, ์ „์ž-๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๊ตฌ๋™๋ถ€ ์—ฐ๋™ ๋น”์กฐํ–ฅ๋“ฑ ๋†’์€ ์ง‘์ ์— ์˜ํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ๋ฅผ ํ•ด๊ฒฐํ•˜๋ ค๋Š” ์„ ํ–‰ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์žˆ์—ˆ๋‹ค[4]๏ฝž[6]. ํ•˜์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ถ€๋ฐฐ์—ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋Š” ๊ทธ๋ ˆ์ดํŒ… ๋กœ๋ธŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์˜ ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ „์ž-๊ธฐ๊ณ„์  ๊ตฌ๋™๋ถ€๋Š” ์šด์šฉํ™˜๊ฒฝ ์ ์šฉ์„ฑ(๋น”์ถ”์ ์†๋„ ๋ฐ ์ •ํ™•๋„, ํƒ‘์žฌ ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ)์˜ ๋‹จ์ ์ด์กด์žฌํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ๋Œ€ํ˜• ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผ๋กœ ๋ธŒ

๋ฆญํ˜• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ฑ„ํƒํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์ง€๋งŒ, ์ด๋Š” ํ‰๋ฉดํ˜• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ์˜ ์ œ์ž‘๋งŒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค๋Š” ๋‹จ์ ์ด ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋”ฐ๋ผ์„œ ์ €ํ”ผํƒ ๋“ฑ์˜ ํŠน์„ฑ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋Š” ์ ์šฉ ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์˜ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”

ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์ด ์š”๊ตฌ๋˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๊ตญ๋‚ดโ€ค์™ธ์—์„œ ์ง€์†์ ์œผ๋กœ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ๊ฐ€ ์ง„ํ–‰๋˜๊ณ  ์žˆ๋‹ค[3]๏ฝž[10]. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์€ ์œ„์„ฑํ†ต์‹ ์— ์ ์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•œ ๊ด‘๋Œ€์—ญ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์— ๋‚ฎ

์€ ๋น” ํŽธ์ด ํ˜„์ƒ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํƒ€์ผ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์†ก์‹ ํ˜• ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ์ œ์‹œํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ํƒ€์ผ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์˜ ์—ฐ์† ๋ฐฐ์—ด์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋Œ€ํ˜• ํ”Œ๋žซํผ์˜ ํ˜•์ƒ์— ์ ์‘ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์ปจ

ํฌ๋ฉ€ ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ์ด ๊ตฌํ˜„ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. 2์žฅ์—์„œ๋Š” ํƒ€์ผ๊ตฌ์กฐ์˜ ์†ก์‹  ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ์‚ฌํ•ญ์„ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, 3์žฅ์€ ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์†ก์‹  ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์˜ ์ œ์ž‘ ๋ฐ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

โ…ก. ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์†ก์‹  ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„

2-1 ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์†ก์‹  ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ชฉํ‘œ

์œ /๋ฌด์ธ ํ•ญ๊ณต๊ธฐ์—์„œ ์œ„์„ฑ ํ†ต์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์†ก์‹  ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์€ ์•ฝ45 dBW ์ด์ƒ์˜ EIRP(Effective Isotropic Radiated Power)๊ฐ€์š”๊ตฌ๋œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์‹œํ•œ ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์˜ ์—ฐ์†๋ฐฐ์—ด๋กœ ๋‹ฌ์„ฑ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ๋งŒ์กฑํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•œ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์†ก์‹  ํƒ€์ผ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ง€ํ‘œ๋ฅผ ํ‘œ 1์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

ํ‘œ 1. ์†ก์‹  ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์œ„์ƒ ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ชฉํ‘œTable 1. Design specification of Tx tile array antenna.

Item Freq. Design target

Max steering sngle

Phi

Ku

0๏ฝž360ยฐTheta 0๏ฝž60ยฐ

Operating frequency500 MHz

fL=fCโ€”250 MHzfH=fC+250 MHz

Antenna gain โ‰ฅ17 dBiL Antenna beam width โ‰ค14ยฐ Beam pointing error โ‰ค5.6ยฐ

Unit PA output power level โ‰ฅ5 dBm

2-2 ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์†ก์‹  ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋„

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1์€ ์†ก์‹  ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์œ„์„ฑ์œผ๋กœ ์†ก์‹ ๋  ์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ฆํญ, ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ, ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๋ฐ ๋น” ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ์œ„์ƒ ๋ฐ ์‹œ๊ฐ„์ง€์—ฐ ํšŒ๋กœ๋กœ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์ด ์žˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋ฅผ ํƒ€์ผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ 5์žฅ์˜ ๋ณด๋“œ์— 3์ฐจ์› ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋œ๋ณด๋“œ๋Š”์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜/RF ๋ณด๋“œ, 1์ฐจ๏ฝž4์ฐจMLB(Multi- Layer Board)๋กœ ๋‚˜๋ˆ„์–ด์ง„๋‹ค. ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ์†ก์‹  ํƒ€์ผ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๋Š” L ๋Œ€์—ญ ์ž…๋ ฅ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ

ํ•˜์—ฌ 64๊ฐœ์˜ Ku ๋Œ€์—ญ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ํƒ€์ผ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์˜์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๋ฐ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋ณ€ํ™˜, ์ฆํญ ํ†ตํ•ด์†ก์‹ ํƒ€์ผ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์˜ L ๋Œ€์—ญ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ด 0 dBm์ผ ๋•Œ, ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ PA(Power Am-

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 1. ์†ก์‹  ํƒ€์ผ ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋„Fig. 1. Block diagram of Tx tile phased array antenna.

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plifier)๋Š” Ku ๋Œ€์—ญ์—์„œ ์•ฝ 10 dBm์˜ P1dB ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, PA์—์„œ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์˜ ํ”ผ๋”ฉ์†์‹ค์€ ์•ฝ 1.5 dB๋ฅผ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค.

2-3 ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜/RF ๋ณด๋“œ ์„ค๊ณ„

์†ก์‹  ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๋Š” ํŒจ์น˜ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์Šฌ๋กฏ ์ปคํ”Œ๋ง ๊ธ‰์ „์„ ํ†ตํ•ด Ku ๋Œ€์—ญ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์— ์ ‘ํ•ฉํ•œ ๊ด‘๋Œ€์—ญ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , ์ˆ˜์ง/์ˆ˜ํ‰ ํŽธํŒŒ ๋ฐ ์›ํ˜• ํŽธํŒŒ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋‘ ๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ธ‰์ „ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋งˆ์ดํฌ๋กœ์ŠคํŠธ๋ฆฝ ํŒจ์น˜์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๊ฐ€ ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š” ๊ธฐํŒ์€ ์ €์œ ์ „์œจ์˜ Teflon ์žฌ์งˆ(ฮต=2.2)์˜ 1.02 mm ๋‘๊ป˜๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๊ณ , feed-line์ด ์กด์žฌํ•˜๋Š”๊ธฐํŒ์€ ๊ณ ์œ ์ „์œจ์˜ ๋กœ์ ธ์Šค ๊ธฐํŒ(ฮต=3.35) ๋‘๊ป˜ 0.51 mm๋ฅผ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ feed-line ํญ์„ ์ค„์—ฌ ๊ณต๊ฐ„์„ ํ™•๋ณดํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.๋‹จ์ผ ํŒจ์น˜์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฐ˜์‚ฌ๊ณ„์ˆ˜๋Š” โ€”17.6 dB๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ์„ค

(a) ๋‹จ์ผ ๋ณต์‚ฌ์†Œ์ž์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๊ฐœ๋…๋„(a) Design concept of unit radiating antenna

(b) 8ร—8 ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„(b) Design of 8ร—8 array antenna

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 2. ์†ก์‹  ํƒ€์ผ์˜ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๋ถ€ ์„ค๊ณ„Fig. 2. Design of array antenna in Tx tile.

๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์˜ ์‹œ๋ฎฌ๋ ˆ์ด์…˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋Š” ์•™๊ฐ0ยฐ์ผ ๋•Œ โ€”15 dB ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ตœ๋Œ€ ์ง€ํ–ฅ ์•™๊ฐ 60ยฐ์—์„œ๋Š” ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์— ๋”ฐ๋ผ โ€”10๏ฝžโ€”7.2 dB์˜ active return loss๋ฅผ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์˜ VSWR(Voltage Standing Wave Ratio)๋Š” ์šด์šฉ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์—์„œ 1.2๏ฝž1.5 dB๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

RF ๊ธฐํŒ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ํƒ€์ผ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ๋ณด๋“œ๊ฐ„ ์—ฐ๋™์„ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. RF ๊ธฐํŒ์€ ์ „๋ ฅ ์ฆํญ๊ธฐ, ์œ„์ƒ์ฒœ์ด๊ธฐ์™€ ์ด์˜ ์ œ์–ด์šฉ SPC(Serial to Parallel Converter)๊ฐ€ ์ง‘์ ๋œ ์ฝ”์–ด์นฉ๊ณผ ์ œ์–ด์šฉ MCU(Micro-controller Unit) ๋ฐ 1:16 ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๋กœ ์ฃผ์š” ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. V-ํŽธํŒŒ, H-ํŽธํŒŒ์˜ ์„ ํ˜• ๋ฐ ์›ํ˜•ํŽธํŒŒ ์†ก์‹ ์„ ์ง€์›ํ•˜๊ธฐ์œ„ํ•ด๊ฐœ๋ณ„์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์— 2๊ฐœ์˜์†ก์‹ ๊ฒฝ๋กœ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋ฏ€๋กœ ์ด 128๊ฐœ์˜ ์ฝ”์–ด์นฉ์„ RF๋ณด๋“œ์— ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐœ๋ณ„ ์ฝ”์–ด์นฉ์€ Ku ๋™์ž‘ ๋Œ€์—ญ์—์„œ ์ด๋“ 10 dB, ์ถœ๋ ฅP1dB 10 dBm ๋ฐ 4 bit ์œ„์ƒ์ฒœ์ด๊ฐ€ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ์ง‘์  ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. PA ์†Œ์ž๋Š” P1dB์—์„œ ์•ฝ 10%์˜ ํšจ์œจ์„ ๊ฐ€์ง€๋ฉฐ, ๋ชจ๋“  ๋™์ž‘์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์—์„œ S11, S22๋Š” โ€”15 dB ์ดํ•˜๋กœ ์•ˆ์ •์ ์ž„ํ”ผ๋˜์Šค ์ •ํ•ฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ฐ PA์—์„œ 5 dBm์˜ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์‹œ๊ฐ ํŽธํŒŒ์—์„œ(64๊ฐœ ์ฝ”์–ด์นฉ) ์•ฝ 23 dBm์˜ ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด์— ์˜ํ•ด ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ๋œ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค.

RF ๊ธฐํŒ์€ Rogers์‚ฌ์˜ RO4350B, RO4450B, RO4003C ๋ฐ FR4๋กœ ์ด๋ฃจ์–ด์ง„ 23์ธต ๊ธฐํŒ์œผ๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. MLB์˜๋‘์ธต์„์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ 1:16 ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๊ธฐ๋Š”์•ฝ 2 dB์˜์‚ฝ์ž…์†

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 3. ์†ก์‹  RF ๋ณด๋“œ์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„Fig. 3. Design of Tx RF board.

SATCOM์šฉ ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์†ก์‹  ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ค๊ณ„

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ 4. ์†ก์‹  ํƒ€์ผ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์—ฐ๋™๋„Fig. 4. RF signal interconnections in Tx tile ANT.

์‹ค์„ ๊ฐ–๋Š”๋‹ค. ์ ‘ํ•ฉ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜/RF ๋ณด๋“œ์˜ ๋‘๊ป˜ ๋ฐ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์•ฝ 4ร—84ร—84 mm3์ด๋ฉฐ, ์…€์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ๋Š” ์ด์˜ 1/4์ด๋‹ค.

2-4 MLB ์„ค๊ณ„

MLB๋Š” ์„นํ„ฐ๋ถ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๋ฐ์…€๋ณ„ ๋ถ„๋ฐฐ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด RF/์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ๋ณด๋“œ๋กœ ์ „๋‹ฌํ•ด ์ฃผ๋Š” ์—ญํ• ์„ํ•œ๋‹ค. ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์†ก์‹ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๊ฐ๊ฐ์˜ ๋ถ€ํ’ˆ์„ 4์ธต์˜ ๊ธฐํŒ์— ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์ตœ์ ํ™” ๋ฐ ์šฉ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ คํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 1๏ฝž4์ฐจ MLB์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ œ์ž‘ ํ˜•์ƒ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5, 6์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. 3์ฐจ MLB๋Š”์ฃผ์š” ๊ธฐ๋Šฅ์€์„นํ„ฐ๋ถ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ธ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ›์€ L ๋Œ€์—ญ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ TTD(True Time Delay) ์†Œ์ž๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ๊ด‘๋Œ€์—ญ๋น” ํŽธ์ด์—†์ด๋น” ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ œ์–ด๋ฅผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๋Š” ์œ„์„ฑํ†ต์‹ ์„์œ„ํ•ด ์†ก์‹  ์ „๋Œ€์—ญ์ธ ์•ฝ 500 MHz์˜ ๋น” ์Šคํ€ธํŠธ๋ฅผ ์ตœ์†Œํ™” ์ง€์› ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋„๋ก ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•ด์•ผ ํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด TTD๋Š” 5 bit ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, 100๏ฝž3,100 ps ๊นŒ์ง€ ์‹œ๊ฐ„ ์ง€์—ฐ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ์•™๊ฐ 60ยฐ์—์„œ2ยฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์˜ ๋น” ํŽธ์ด์˜ค์ฐจ์˜ ์šด์šฉ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค[10]

2์ฐจ MLB๋Š” ์„นํ„ฐ๋ถ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฐ›์€ LO(Local Oscilla-tor) ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ์ฆํญํ•˜์—ฌ๋ฏน์„œ์—์„œ RF ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ์†ก์‹ ํƒ€์ผ์˜ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์€ SSB(Single Side Band) ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ํƒ

(a) 1์ฐจ MLB ์„ค๊ณ„ ํ˜•์ƒ๋„ (a) Design of 1st MLB

(b) 2์ฐจ MLB ์„ค๊ณ„ ํ˜•์ƒ๋„ (b) Design of 2nd MLB

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 5. ์†ก์‹  ํƒ€์ผ 1, 2์ฐจ MLB ์„ค๊ณ„ ํ˜•์ƒ๋„Fig. 5. Design of the 1st and 2nd MLB.

ํ•˜๊ณ  ์žˆ์œผ๋ฏ€๋กœ, RF ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€ํ™˜์ดํ›„ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์™€ LO ๋ˆ„์„ค์‹ ํ˜ธ์˜ ์ œ๊ฑฐ๊ฐ€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์ˆ˜์‹ ๋‹จ๊ณผ์˜ ๊ฐ„์„ญ๊ณผ๋‹ค๋ฅธ ์‚ฌ์šฉ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜๋กœ์˜ ์˜ํ–ฅ์„ฑ์„ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”ํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด BPF (Band Pass Filter)๋Š” LO ๋ˆ„์„ค์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ฐ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฐ30 dB, 50 dB ์ด์ƒ ์–ต์••์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค.

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(a) 3์ฐจ MLB ์„ค๊ณ„ ํ˜•์ƒ๋„ (a) Design of 3rd MLB

(b) 4์ฐจ MLB ์„ค๊ณ„ ํ˜•์ƒ๋„ (b) Design of 4th MLB

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 6. ์†ก์‹  ํƒ€์ผ 3, 4์ฐจ MLB ์„ค๊ณ„ ํ˜•์ƒ๋„Fig. 6. Design of the 3rd and 4th MLB.

1์ฐจ MLB์—์„œ BPF๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์ฃผ์—ˆ๋‹ค. BPF๋Š” MLB์˜ ์ตœ์ƒ์ธต ๋ ˆ์ด์–ด๋ฅผ ์ด์šฉํ•˜์—ฌ Edge-coupled ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜/RF ๋ณด๋“œ ์ „๋‹ฌ ์ „ MLB์˜ ์ตœ์ข… ์ถœ๋ ฅ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ƒํƒœ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ โ€”20 dB ์ปคํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ์„ค๊ณ„ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.์ปคํ”Œ๋Ÿฌ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ด ๊ฒ€์ถœ๋œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ๋””ํ…ํ„ฐ ํšŒ๋กœ๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ

(a) LO ๋ฐ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ œ๊ฑฐ์šฉ ํ•„ํ„ฐ ์„ค๊ณ„(a) Design of BPF for LO and image rejection

(b) BPF ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ์‘๋‹ต ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(b) Measured frequency response of BPF

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7. BPF ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผFig. 7. Design and measurement result of BPF.

์ถœ๋ ฅ ์ „๋ ฅ์— ํ•ด๋‹น๋˜๋Š” ์ „์••๋ ˆ๋ฒจ์„ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•œ๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ํ†ตํ•ดRF/์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ๋ณด๋“œ๋กœ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋˜๋Š” ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์„ธ๊ธฐ์˜ ๊ฒ€์ฆ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. 1์ฐจ MLB์— ๊ตฌํ˜„๋œ LO ๋ฐ ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ ์ œ๊ฑฐ์šฉ BPF์˜์„ธ๋ถ€ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 7์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ, LO ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” ์•ฝ 29 dB, ์ด๋ฏธ์ง€ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋Š” 51 dB

์ˆ˜์ค€ ์–ต์••์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.4์ฐจ MLB๋Š” ์„นํ„ฐ๋ถ€๋กœ๋ถ€ํ„ฐ ์ „๋‹ฌ๋œ ์ œ์–ด์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ธ๊ฐ€๋ฐ›

์•„ TTD ๋ฐ PS์˜ ์ œ์–ด์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฅผ ์ƒ์„ฑํ•˜๋Š” MCU๋ฅผ ํฌํ•จํ•œ๋‹ค.

โ…ข. ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์†ก์‹  ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์˜ ์ œ์ž‘ ๋ฐ ์ธก์ •

3-1 ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์†ก์‹  ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ์ œ์ž‘

ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์†ก์‹ ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๋Š” 43ร—84ร—84 mm3์˜ ํฌ๊ธฐ์™€ ์•ฝ255 g ๋ฌด๊ฒŒ(ํ•˜์šฐ์ง• ํฌํ•จ)๋ฅผ ๊ฐ–๋Š” ํ‰๋ฉดํ˜• ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋กœ ์„ค๊ณ„๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ๋™์ž‘์„ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ์†Œ๋ชจ ์ „๋ ฅ์€ ์•ฝ 31 W ์ˆ˜์ค€์ด

SATCOM์šฉ ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์†ก์‹  ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ค๊ณ„

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๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8. ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์†ก์‹  ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜Fig. 8. Manufactured tile type Tx phased array antenna.

๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 8์€ ์ œ์ž‘๋œ ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์†ก์‹  ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๋Š” ๋†’์€ ์ง‘์ ๋„๋กœ ์ธํ•ด ์—ด ๋ฌธ์ œ๊ฐ€ ์‹ฌ๊ฐ

ํ•˜๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ์†ก์‹  ์ถœ๋ ฅ ๋ฐ ์ด๋“์„ ๊ฐ์†Œ์‹œํ‚ค๋ฉฐ, ์†Œ๋ชจ ์ „๋ ฅ์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋“ฑ์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์—ดํ™”๋ฅผ ๋ฐœ์ƒ์‹œํ‚จ๋‹ค. ๋ณธ ํƒ€์ผ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์—์„œ๋Š”ํƒ€์ผ ์™ธ๋ถ€์— 8๊ฐœ์˜ ๊ณต๊ธฐ ์ธ์ž… ๋ฐ ๋ฐฐ์ถœ์„ ํ†ตํ•œ ๊ณต๋žญ์‹ ๋ฐฉ์—ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, MLB๋ฅผ 4์ธต์œผ๋กœ ๋ถ„๋ฆฌํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐœ์ƒํ•˜๋Š” ์—ด์›์„ ์ตœ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๋ถ„์‚ฐ ๋ฐฐ์น˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ฐฉ์—ด ๊ตฌ์กฐ๋ฅผ ์ ์šฉํ•˜์ง€ ์•Š์•˜์„ ๋•Œ 80โ„ƒ ์ด์ƒ์˜ ๋‚ด๋ถ€ ๋™์ž‘ ์˜จ๋„๊ฐ€ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ฌ์ง€๋งŒ, ๋ฐฉ์—ด๊ตฌ์กฐ ์ ์šฉ ์‹œ ์†ก์‹  ํƒ€์ผ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์˜ ๋™์ž‘์˜จ๋„๋Š” 40 โ„ƒ ์ˆ˜์ค€์œผ๋กœ ์œ ์ง€๋˜๋ฉฐ ์ •์ƒ๋™์ž‘ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค.

3-2 ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์†ก์‹  ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ตฌ์„ฑ

ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์†ก์‹  ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š”

Ku ๋Œ€์—ญ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ์Šค์บ๋„ˆ, ์ž…์ถœ๋ ฅ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ(network ana-lyzer), LO ์‹ ํ˜ธ ๋ฐ ์ „์› ๊ณต๊ธ‰์ด ํ•„์š”ํ•˜๋‹ค. ๋˜ํ•œ, ์„ค๊ณ„๋œ์†ก์‹ ํƒ€์ผ์€ L ๋Œ€์—ญ ์‹ ํ˜ธ์ž…๋ ฅ๊ณผ Ku ๋Œ€์—ญ ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ด๋ฏ€๋กœ, ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ๋กœ ๊ฒ€์ฆํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ์ถœ๋ ฅ์ธ Ku ๋Œ€์—ญ์„ ํƒ€์ผ ์ž…๋ ฅ์ธ L ๋Œ€์—ญ์œผ๋กœ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ํ•˜๋Š” ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€ํ™˜๋ชจ๋“ˆ์„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€๋กœ ๊ตฌ์„ฑํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์ •ํ™•ํ•œ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ํŒจํ„ด ์ธก์ •์„ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ, ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์˜ ๋ฉด์  4๋ฐฐ ์ด์ƒ์˜๊ทผ์ ‘์ „๊ณ„๋ฅผ์ธก์ •ํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ํฌ์ง€์…”๋„ˆ ๋ฐ ์Šค์บ๋„ˆ๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์„ฑ๋Šฅ ์‹œํ—˜์‹œ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•œ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ถ„์„๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์‹ ํ˜ธ๋ฐœ์ƒ๊ธฐ๋Š” keysight์˜ E8363B์™€ E8257D๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ์Šค์บ๋„ˆ ๋ฐ 2D, 3D ๋น”ํŒจํ„ด ์ธก์ • ํ”„๋กœ๊ทธ๋žจ์€ ใˆœ์— ํ‹ฐ์ง€์˜ VWNF ์žฅ๋น„๋ฅผ ์‚ฌ์šฉํ•˜์˜€์œผ๋ฉฐ, ์ธก์ • ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋„๋ฅผ ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9์— ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 9. ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์†ก์‹  ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ์ธก์ • ๊ตฌ์„ฑ๋„Fig. 9. Measurement configuration for Tx tile antenna.

3-3 ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์†ก์‹  ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10, 11์€ ์†ก์‹  ํƒ€์ผ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ V&H-pol์˜ bore-sight

(a) H-pol, bore-sight ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(a) Measurement result in H-pol, bore-sight

(a) V-pol, bore-sight ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(a) Measurement result in V-pol, bore-sight

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 10. ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์†ก์‹  ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์ด๋“ ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผFig. 10. Measured results of antenna gain in Tx tile an-

tenna.

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 31, no. 2, Feb. 2020.

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(a) H-pol, phi 0ยฐ, theta 40ยฐ ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(a) Measurement result in phi 0ยฐ, theta 40ยฐ

(a) V-pol, phi 0ยฐ, theta 40ยฐ ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(a) Measurement result in phi 0ยฐ, theta 40ยฐ

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11. ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์†ก์‹  ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผFig. 11. Measurement results of antenna gain in Tx tile

antenna.

๋ฐ ์•™๊ฐ 40ยฐ ์ง€ํ–ฅ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ธ๋‹ค. ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ€ํ™˜ ๋ชจ๋“ˆ์˜ ์†์‹ค๊ณผ ์ผ€์ด๋ธ” ์†์‹ค, MLB์˜ ์ด๋“์„ ์ œ์™ธํ•œ ์‹ค์ œ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ๋ณด๋“œ์˜ ์ด๋“์€ ์ค‘์‹ฌ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜์—์„œ H-pol 24.3 dB์ด๋ฉฐ, V-pol์€ 26.3 dB์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋•Œ ๋น”ํญ์€ H-pol 13.3ยฐ, V- pol 11.3ยฐ๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ๋ถ€์—ฝ๋ ˆ๋ฒจ(side-lobe level)์€ H- pol์—์„œ โ€”12.7 dB, V-pol์€ โ€”8.5 dB๋กœ ์ธก์ •๋˜์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋ณธ์†ก์‹  ํƒ€์ผ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์˜ ์—ฐ์†์  ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์ดํ›„ ์ถ”๊ฐ€์ ์ธ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์œ„์ƒ ๋ณด์ • ๋ฐ ์ง„ํญ ํ…Œ์ผ๋Ÿฌ๋ง์„ ํ†ตํ•˜์—ฌ ํ–ฅ์ƒ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์œผ๋กœ ํŒ๋‹จ๋œ๋‹ค. ๋น” ์ง€ํ–ฅ ์ •ํ™•๋„ ๋ฐ ๋น” ์ง€ํ–ฅ์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ ํ™•์ธํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•˜์—ฌ ๋ฐฉ

์œ„๊ฐ 0ยฐ, ์•™๊ฐ 40ยฐ ๋ฐฉํ–ฅ์œผ๋กœ ์ง€ํ–ฅ ์‹œํ—˜ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 11์—

๋น” ์ง€ํ–ฅ์‹œํ—˜ 2D cut ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ์œผ๋ฉฐ, ํ‘œ 2์—๋น” ์ง€ํ–ฅ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ์ •๋ฆฌํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. 500 MHz ๋Œ€์—ญํญ์— ๋”ฐ๋ฅธ ์ฃผํŒŒ์ˆ˜ ๋ณ„ ๋น” ํŽธ์ด ์˜ค์ฐจ๋Š” H-pol 2.09ยฐ, V-pol 1.668ยฐ ์ˆ˜์ค€์„ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š” ๋น” ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ Ku ๋Œ€์—ญ ์œ„์ƒ์ฒœ์ด๊ธฐ์™€ L ๋Œ€์—ญ TTD์˜ ๊ฒฐํ•ฉ์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ๋‚ฎ์€ ๋น” ํŽธ์ด์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๋ณด์ด๋ฉฐ, ์ •์ƒ๋™์ž‘ํ•จ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋‹ค. ๋น” ์ง€ํ–ฅ์ •ํ™•๋„๋Š” ์ตœ๋Œ€ 1.8ยฐ์˜์˜ค์ฐจ๋ฅผ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค. ์ด๋Š”ํ–ฅํ›„ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์ˆ˜์ฆ๊ฐ€ ๋ฐ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ์ถ”๊ฐ€ ๋ณด์ •์„ ํ†ตํ•ด ์ด์˜ ๊ฐœ์„ ์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋‹ค. ๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12์—

(a) Bore-sight ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(3D)(a) Measurement result in bore-sight(3D)

(b) phi 0ยฐ theta 40ยฐ ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ(3D)(b) Measurement result in phi 0ยฐ, theta 40ยฐ(3D)

๊ทธ๋ฆผ 12. ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์†ก์‹  ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ 3D ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผFig. 12. Measurement results of Tx tile antenna in 3D

view.

SATCOM์šฉ ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์†ก์‹  ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ ์„ค๊ณ„

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ํ‘œ 2. ๋น” ์ง€ํ–ฅ๊ฐ ๋ฐ ๋น” ํŽธ์ด ์˜ค์ฐจ ์ธก์ • ๊ฒฐ๊ณผTable 2. Measured results of beam steering angle and beam squint error.

Frequ-ency

Beam Steering

angle(H-pol)

Beam steering angle

(V-pol)

Beam squint error

(H-pol)

Beam squint error

(V-pol)

fL 41.754ยฐ 40.518ยฐ2.09ยฐ 1.668ยฐfC 39.664ยฐ 39.664ยฐ

fH 40.013ยฐ 38.850ยฐ

์„œ H-pol์˜ bore-sight ๋ฐ ๋ฐฉ์œ„๊ฐ 0ยฐ, ์•™๊ฐ 40ยฐ ์ง€ํ–ฅ์„ ํ™•์ธํ•  ์ˆ˜ ์žˆ๋Š” ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ 3D ํŒจํ„ด ์ธก์ •๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๋ฅผ ๋‚˜ํƒ€๋‚ด์—ˆ๋‹ค.

โ…ฃ. ๊ฒฐ ๋ก 

๋ฏธ๋ž˜ ์ „์žฅ๊ธฐ์ˆ ์— ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ธ ์ €ํ”ผํƒ ํŠน์„ฑ์„ ๋ณด์œ ํ•œ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด์„œ๋Š” ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜ ์„ค๊ณ„ ๋ฐ ์ œ์ž‘ ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ™•๋ณด๊ฐ€ ํ•„์ˆ˜์ ์ด๋‹ค. ์ด๋ฅผ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ณธ ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ๋Š” Ku ๋Œ€์—ญ ์œ„์„ฑ ํ†ต์‹ ์„ ์œ„ํ•œ ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์†ก์‹  ์œ„์ƒ ๋ฐฐ์—ด์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์˜ ์„ค๊ณ„, ์ œ์ž‘์˜ ์ฃผ์š” ์‚ฌํ•ญ ๋ฐ ์„ฑ๋Šฅ์‹œํ—˜ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ์— ๋Œ€ํ•ด ๊ธฐ์ˆ ํ•˜์˜€๋‹ค. ๋ณธ๋…ผ๋ฌธ์—์„œ ์ œ์•ˆํ•œ ํƒ€์ผํ˜• ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์˜ ์—ฐ์†๋ฐฐ์—ด์„ ํ†ตํ•ด Ku ๋Œ€์—ญ ์œ„์„ฑ ํ†ต์‹ ์šฉ ์†ก์‹  ์œ„์ƒ๋ฐฐ์—ด ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜์˜ ๊ตฌํ˜„์ด ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•˜๋ฉฐ, ์ด๋Š” ์™ธ๋ถ€ ํ˜•์ƒ์— ๋Œ์ถœ๋œ ๊ตฌ์กฐ๊ฐ€ ์—†๋Š” ๊ด‘๋Œ€์—ญ ๊ด‘๊ฐ์˜ ๋น” ํŽธ์ด์˜ค์ฐจ๊ฐ€ ์ตœ์†Œํ™”๋œ ์œ„์„ฑํ†ต์‹ ์šฉ ์ปจํฌ๋ฉ€ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜๋กœ

์˜ ์‘์šฉ ๊ฐ€๋Šฅํ•  ๊ฒƒ์ด๋‹ค.

์ฐธ ๊ณ  ๋ฌธ ํ—Œ

[1] S. Panaretos, C. Shoda, R. Relatores, J. Gordon, P. Curtis and D. Parker, "A broadband, low-sidelobe, dynamic weight, three-channel receive, X-band active array," in 1996 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, San Francisco, CA, Jun. 1996, vol. 3, pp. 1573- 1576.

[2] R. Sturdivant, C. Ly, J. Benson, and M. Hauhe, "Design

and performance of a high desnsity 3D microwave module," in 1997 IEEE MTT-S International Microwave Symposium Digest, Denver, CO, Jun. 1997, vol. 2, pp. 501-504.

[3] R. J. Mailloux, "Antenna array architecture," in Procee-dings of the IEEE, Jan. 1992, vol. 80, no. 1, pp. 163-172.

[4] D. Parker, D. C. Zimmermann, "Phased arrays-Part I: Theory and architecture," IEEE Transactions on Micro-wave Theory and Techniques, vol. 50, no. 3, pp. 678-687, Mar. 2013.

[5] H. Schippers, J. Verpoorte, A. Hulzinga, C. Roeloffzen, and R. Baggen, "Towards structural integration of air-borne Ku-band SatCom antenna," in 2013 7th European Conference on Antennas and Propagation(EuCAP), Go-thenburg, 2013, pp. 2963-2967.

[6] M. van der Vossen, G. Voshaar, C. Roeloffzen, A. Hul-zinga, and M. Iven, "Design of a highly integrated Ku- band planar broadband phased array receiver with dual polarization," in 2014 11th European Radar Conference, Rome, 2014, pp. 392-395.

[7] L. Josefsson, P. Persson, Conformal Array Antenna Th-eory and Design, Hoboken, NJ, John Wiley & Sons, 2006.

[8] R. J. Mailloux, Phased Array Antenna Handbook, Nor-wood, MA, Artech House, 2007.

[9] J. U. Jeong, J. H. Ryu, T. H. Joo, G. C. Kim, I. H. Park, and J. U. Seo, "Design technology of shape adaptive ac-tive phased array antenna for communication," The Ma-gazine of the IEIE, vol. 44, no. 4, pp. 39-47, Apr. 2017.

[10] T. Joo, K. Kim, and J. Seo, "Design of tile-type Rx phased array antenna for Ku-band satellite communi-cations," The Journal of the Korean Institute of Electro-magnetic Engineering and Science, vol. 30, no. 9, pp. 702-711, Sep. 2019.

THE JOURNAL OF KOREAN INSTITUTE OF ELECTROMAGNETIC ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. vol. 31, no. 2, Feb. 2020.

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์ฃผ ํƒœ ํ™˜ [๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๊ณผํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ/์„ ์ž„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›]https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8750-9779

2008๋…„ 2์›”: ๋ถ€์‚ฐ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „๊ธฐ ๋ฐ ์ „์ž๊ณตํ•™๋ถ€ (๊ณตํ•™์‚ฌ)

2010๋…„ 2์›”: ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ์ „๊ธฐ์ „์ž๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ (๊ณตํ•™์„์‚ฌ)

2014๋…„ 2์›”: ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ์ „๊ธฐ์ „์ž๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ (๊ณตํ•™๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)

2016๋…„ 10์›”๏ฝžํ˜„์žฌ: ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๊ณผํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ์„ ์ž„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›

[์ฃผ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๋ถ„์•ผ] RF Transceiver, ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋งํฌ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ

๊น€ ๊ธฐ ์ฒ  [๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๊ณผํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ/์„ ์ž„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›]https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1652-5576

2007๋…„ 2์›”: ์˜๋‚จ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „์ž๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ (๊ณตํ•™์‚ฌ)

2011๋…„ 2์›”: ๊ด‘์ฃผ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์› (๊ณตํ•™์„์‚ฌ)2016๋…„ 8์›”: ํ•œ๊ตญ๊ณผํ•™๊ธฐ์ˆ ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์› ์ „๊ธฐ์ „์ž๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ (๊ณตํ•™๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)

2007๋…„ 1์›”๏ฝž2008 11์›”: ์‚ผ์„ฑํƒˆ๋ ˆ์Šค ์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›

2016๋…„ 10์›”๏ฝžํ˜„์žฌ: ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๊ณผํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ์„ ์ž„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›[์ฃผ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๋ถ„์•ผ] RF ํšŒ๋กœ ๋ฐ ์ „๋ ฅ์ฆํญ๊ธฐ, ํ†ต์‹ ์šฉ ์ดˆ๊ณ ์ฃผํŒŒ ๊ธฐ์ˆ 

๋™ ๋ฌธ ํ˜ธ [๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๊ณผํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ/์ˆ˜์„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›]https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2782-1541

1980๋…„ 2์›”: ์„ฑ๊ท ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „์ž๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ(๊ณตํ•™์‚ฌ)

1982๋…„ 2์›”: ์„ฑ๊ท ๊ด€๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „์ž๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ(๊ณตํ•™์„์‚ฌ)

1982๋…„ 9์›”๏ฝžํ˜„์žฌ: ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๊ณผํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ์ˆ˜์„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›

[์ฃผ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๋ถ„์•ผ] RF/Antenna ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, ์ „์ˆ ํ†ต์‹ ์‹œ์Šคํ…œ, ์˜์ƒ๋ฐ์ดํ„ฐ๋งํฌ

์„œ ์ข… ์šฐ [๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๊ณผํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ/์ฑ…์ž„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›]https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6784-2745

2000๋…„ 2์›”: ์ถฉ๋‚จ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „ํŒŒ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ (๊ณตํ•™์‚ฌ)

2002๋…„ 2์›”: ์ถฉ๋‚จ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „ํŒŒ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ (๊ณตํ•™์„์‚ฌ)

2017๋…„ 2์›”: ์ถฉ๋‚จ๋Œ€ํ•™๊ต ์ „ํŒŒ๊ณตํ•™๊ณผ (๊ณตํ•™๋ฐ•์‚ฌ)

2002๋…„ 1์›”๏ฝžํ˜„์žฌ: ๊ตญ๋ฐฉ๊ณผํ•™์—ฐ๊ตฌ์†Œ ์ฑ…์ž„์—ฐ๊ตฌ์›

[์ฃผ ๊ด€์‹ฌ๋ถ„์•ผ] ๋„๋ง ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜, ํŒจํ„ดํ•ฉ์„ฑ ์•Œ๊ณ ๋ฆฌ์ฆ˜, ์ปจํฌ๋ฉ€ ์•ˆํ…Œ๋‚˜