saralegui ap bio second quarter project

8/13/2019 Saralegui AP Bio Second Quarter Project

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J A C K I E S A R A L E G U I

Chemiosmosis

andATP Synthase


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The Stages of Aerobic Respiration

1. Glycolysis 2. Formation of

acetyl CoA 3. The Krebs

Cycle 4. Oxidative

Phosphorylation(this is where

chemiosmosisand ATP synthasecome into play)


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Most of the energy (ATP) produced during cellrespiration occurs in the mitochondria duringstage 4: oxidative phosphorylation

in this stage, electrons are transferred from electroncarriers to oxygen, resulting in ATP synthesis


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The Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

As electrons are removed from molecules of glucosethey are transferred to readied hydrogen carriermolecules: NADH and FADH2

NADH and FADH2shuttle electrons to the ETC, andthe hydrogen atoms are split into hydrogen ions andelectrons:

H22H++ 2e-


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ETC cont

The high-energy electrons from NADH and FADH2are passed down the ETC, which is a series of proteincarrier molecules that are embedded in the cristae(the membrane along the inner membrane of amitochondrion)

the electrons travel down the ETC until they reachthe final electron acceptor, oxygenwater is formed


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Chemiosmosis

Some of the energy released from the ETC is used topump hydrogen ions across the inner mitochondrialmembrane to the intermembrane space


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Chemiosmosis cont

The pumping of hydrogen ions into theintermembrane space creates a pH gradient, orproton gradient

the potential energy established in this gradient isresponsible for the production of ATP


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ATP Synthase

These hydrogen ions can diffuse across the innermembrane only by passing through channels called

ATP synthase (or ATP synthetase)

the flow of protonsthrough these channelsproduces ATP by

combining ADP and Pion the matrix side ofthe channel


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Chemiosmosis and ATP Synthasein Photosynthesis

Like in aerobic respiration, during photosynthesis

Energy from the ETCs help create a proton gradientof H+ ions

These H+ move through the ATP synthase pump tophosphorylate ADP into ATP (chemiosmosis)

ATP is made crossing an inner membrane


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Chemiosmosis and ATP Synthasein Photosynthesis cont

BUT- in aerobic respiration, the ATP synthase isfound on the inner mitochondrial membrane in themitochondria and in photosynthesis it is found onthe thylakoid membrane in the chloroplasts


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Chemiosmosis is the key to the production of ATP in bothphotosynthesizing and non-photosynthesizing organisms

The process is similar to how a hydroelectric plant converts

the enormous

potential energy of water

flowing through a dam to

turn turbines and generate

electricity

Stage 4 produces 32 ATP!


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Another Helpful Diagram:


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Citations

Campbell, Neil A., and Jane B. Reece.Biology. SanFrancisco: Pearson, Benjamin Cummings, 2005. Print.

Goldberg, Deborah T. "Chemiosmosis."AP Biology.Hauppauge, NY: Barron's Educational Series, 2010. N. pag.

Print.

Magloire, Kim. "Chemiosmosis." Cracking the AP BiologyExam. New York: Random House, 2010. N. pag. Print.

"Chemiosmosis." - Definition from Biology-Online.org.

N.p., n.d. Web. 02 Dec. 2013.

http://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/photosyn/fg5.html


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Image citations

http://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/energy/atpsynthase_il.htm

http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/bio%20101/bio%20101%20lectures/cellular%20respiration/cellular.htm

http://library.thinkquest.org/27819/ch4_7.shtml http://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lectures/respi

ration.htm http://www2.nau.edu/~fpm/bio205/u4fg36.html

http://cnx.org/content/m46451/latest/ http://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/photo

syn/fg5.html
http://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/energy/atpsynthase_il.htmhttp://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/energy/atpsynthase_il.htmhttp://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/bio%20101/bio%20101%20lectures/cellular%20respiration/cellular.htmhttp://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/bio%20101/bio%20101%20lectures/cellular%20respiration/cellular.htmhttp://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/bio%20101/bio%20101%20lectures/cellular%20respiration/cellular.htmhttp://library.thinkquest.org/27819/ch4_7.shtmlhttp://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lectures/respiration.htmhttp://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lectures/respiration.htmhttp://www2.nau.edu/~fpm/bio205/u4fg36.htmlhttp://cnx.org/content/m46451/latest/http://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/photosyn/fg5.htmlhttp://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/photosyn/fg5.htmlhttp://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/photosyn/fg5.htmlhttp://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/photosyn/fg5.htmlhttp://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/photosyn/fg5.htmlhttp://cnx.org/content/m46451/latest/http://cnx.org/content/m46451/latest/http://www2.nau.edu/~fpm/bio205/u4fg36.htmlhttp://www2.nau.edu/~fpm/bio205/u4fg36.htmlhttp://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lectures/respiration.htmhttp://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lectures/respiration.htmhttp://www.uic.edu/classes/bios/bios100/lectures/respiration.htmhttp://library.thinkquest.org/27819/ch4_7.shtmlhttp://library.thinkquest.org/27819/ch4_7.shtmlhttp://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/bio%20101/bio%20101%20lectures/cellular%20respiration/cellular.htmhttp://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/bio%20101/bio%20101%20lectures/cellular%20respiration/cellular.htmhttp://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/bio%20101/bio%20101%20lectures/cellular%20respiration/cellular.htmhttp://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/bio%20101/bio%20101%20lectures/cellular%20respiration/cellular.htmhttp://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/energy/atpsynthase_il.htmhttp://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/energy/atpsynthase_il.htmhttp://student.ccbcmd.edu/~gkaiser/biotutorials/energy/atpsynthase_il.htm

saralegui ap bio second quarter project

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