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Unit4Software Development

in SAP Systems

Supakorn Kungpisdansupakorn@mut.ac.th

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Business Example

As an ABAP developer in an SAP system, you have extensive change authorizations. Therefore, an understanding of the data structure and the development and transport process between SAP systems is fundamental to your work

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Data Structure of SAP Systems

Client is a unit within an SAP system that is self-contained in terms of business, organization and data Has its own environment, master and transaction data, and user data Data in a client is known as client-specific data

Customizing is set up for each client Define the customer’s organizational structures, e.g. distribution

channels and company codes, and to set parameters for SAP transactions so that they reflect customer-specific processes

Repository is central store for all ABAP workbench development objects Also a cross-client Contain Dictionary objects (tables, data elements, domains) Repository objects are grouped to form packages which are containers

for semantically linked development objects (programs, tables, and so on)

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Data Structure of SAP Systems (cont’d)

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Changing and Adapting the Data Structure SAP may need to be adapted to company-specific requirements

when it is implemented The process of adapting the software is known as Customizing

Include both client-specific and cross-client settings Changes to Repository objects are not absolutely necessary for the

use of an SAP system. However, you can change individual objects that can be done in a variety ways: Customer development Customer enhancement Modification

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Changing and Adapting the Data Structure (cont’d)

Customer developments Create your own Repository objects e.g. tables, programs,

transactions, etc Take place in customer namespace All objects created by the customer have names from a specified

namespace; generally start with the letters Y or Z Customer enhancements

Add customer-specific objects to the Repository There are specific places in the coding, known as customer

exits, where you can supplement the SAP standard system with your own objects

Modifications Changes to SAP objects e.g. tables, and table definitions

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Changing and Adapting the Data Structure (cont’d)

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The Three-System Landscape

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Transport in the ABAP Environment

Transports are used to transfer objects developed by the customer, SAP programs, and SAP tables from one system to another

To move programs in a multi-system landscape, you need change requests

Work on Repository objects are transported and logged by the Transport Organizer (SE09 or SE10)

Transport Organizer automatically creates a task for this change request for every employee who is assigned to the change request

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Transport in the ABAP Environment

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Actions at Close of Development

When the development project is completed from the employee point of view, he or she releases his or her task

This transfers the objects in the task to the change request Once all team members have released their tasks, the development

leader can release the change request A change request therefore combines Repository objects that have

been created or changed during a development project Change requests can be transportable or local Once a request has been released the Repository objects are

copied from the source DB to a directory at OS level. Import into the target system is in general not automatic, but is

triggered by the transport administrator in the Transport Management System (TMS) (t-code: STMS)

The Repository are then copied from the central transport directory at the OS level to the target system DB

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Actions at Close of Development

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The Software Development Life Cycle

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The ABAP Language

ABAP (Advanced Business Application Programming) The majority of the business applications of an SAP system are

written in ABAP An ABAP program consists of individual statements. Every

statement begins with a keyword and ends with a period

REPORT erster_report.

WRITE ‘My first ABAP report!’.

the keywords are REPORT and WRITE. The program displays a list. In this case, the list contains the line “My first ABAP report!”

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The ABAP Language

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The ABAP Workbench and Its Tools

You can use ABAP Workbench to write application programs

You can find ABAP Workbench in SAP Easy Access under Tools ABAP Workbench Development ABAP Editor (SE38) to write ABAP programs ABAP Dictionary (SE11) to define and describe tables, data

elements, lock objects, and so on Screen Editor (SE51 in the User Interface subdirectory) to

create interactive user interfaces Function Builder (SE37) to create and manage function

modules

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The ABAP Workbench and Its Tools

SE38

SE51SE37

SE11

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Accessing ABAP Source Code

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Creating ABAP Reports Using the ABAP Editor

SE38

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Creating Business Server Pages using the Object Navigator The Internet Communication Manager enables SAP

systems to communicate outside SAP environment using HTTP, HTTPS, and SMTP protocols

As of Web AS 6.10, work processes are able to directly create Web-enabled content that the ICM then transmits to the browser front end that sent the original request

You can develop this content called “Business Server Page applications” in the SAP system using Web Application Builder (SE80)

With BSP, you can use both ABAP and JavaScript as scripting languages

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Creating Business Server Pages using the Object Navigator

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ABAP Dictionary

ABAP Dictionary is a central component of the ABAP Workbench

Contain both business and technical definitions and descriptions of SAP data

Many tools of the ABAP Workbench constantly access the information of the ABAP Dictionary

ABAP Dictionary enables all data definitions used in the SAP system to be described and managed centrally

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ABAP Dictionary