SanMap | Sanitation Mapping

SanMap | DEWATS Service Package Developed and disseminated by BORDA & BORDA BNS Network

A strategic planning support tool including a software-mapping programme for sustainable infrastructure development

Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Solutions

Barriers to urban planning The realisation of sustainable urban development is one of today’s main challenges for local governments. Facing grave infrastructural prob-lems that occur from unplanned growth of urban areas, local authori-ties need a broad and integrated de-velopment plan that allows planned interventions. But planning and the following interventions can’t be car-ried out without the availability and integration of current data from the concerned area. Many local govern-ments suffer from the inability to act, caused by: o the total lack of credenced specific

data (e.g. population density) o out-dated data o fragmented, decentralized data

base o missing data digitalization o poor data standardization o insufficient networking & coopera-

tion between different public service departments

o lack of information management capacity

Wastewater discharged from house-holds and SME to the surface water, as well as un-proper designed septic tanks are a significant source of wa-ter pollution. This urban problem can only be solved if the locations of wastewater generation and dis-charge are known. The assessment of qualified and quantified data, their centralized availability, integration and combination are basic pre-con-ditions for all planning processes.

The method of urban planning In order to combat a city’s sanitation issues in a comprehensive way, urban planning should: o identify the existing sanitation

conditions through data collection & analysis

o highlight tag sources of pollution (e.g. localization of unattended septic tanks), priorities for inter-vention and appropriate solutions in each area, accomplished with the objective to apply a holistic approach for policy, strategic plan-ning & implementation of a sanita-tion programme

o elaborating priority locations to propose centralized and decentra-lized sanitation facilities

o provide verifiable indicators to assess the city government’s per-formance in managing environ-mental and public health issues

“Cities and towns that are inclusive and sustainable” are the vision of the UN ESCAP Sustainable Urban Deve-lopment Unit (SUDU). To meet this objective, the analysis and improve-ment of sanitation conditions in cities and towns by reliable databased planning is an urgent required action.

BORDA BNS Networks Mission With a mission to improve the liveli-hoods of disadvantaged groups with-in societies and to sustain the func-tioning of eco-systems through dis-semination of demand oriented Basic Needs Services (BNS), BORDA (Bremen Overseas Research and De-velopment Association) and its BNS Partner Network develop and disse-minate innovative solutions for facili-tating the access to BNS. DEWATS Service Packages One Basic Needs Service is DEWATS, an effective, efficient, affordable and proven wastewater treatment solu-tion for (sub-) tropical regions and low-income countries. DEWATS stands for “Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Solutions”, but it is much more than just a technical approach. DEWATS Service Packages include not simply the construction of hard-ware but a whole set of integrated measures which are combined accor-ding to demand. SanMap is one of these DEWATS Service Packages that aims to upgrade sanitation and wastewater treatment infrastructure in cities and towns by supporting the creation of urban development plans and subsequent interventions.

Sanitation in urban areas – unplanned growth & a lack of data restrict planned interventions

Most cities have large areas without basic sanitation, wastewater treatment and with a high degree of

groundwater pollution and risks for public health.

DEWATS Sanitation Mapping SanMap is a GIS based software mapping and simulation system in-cluding additional methodical compo-nents. This package allows local go-vernments to locate available infor-mation systematically and to develop a plan to upgrade sanitation and wastewater treatment infrastructure in a comprehensive manner. Depending on development priorities, the mapping software supports va-rious combinations of queries related to the characteristics of target groups (e.g. health status, number of children in families, average age, etc.), geographic specifications (e.g. residential areas, industrial areas, communities located near river em-bankments, etc.) and economic status (low-, medium, high income). If reliable data is not available, parti-cipatory assessments are categorized and quantified.

Key SanMap features In order to create a complex data-base for planning interventions in the target area, BORDA offers a demand-oriented San Map service that inclu-des the SanMap software, consulting services and – according to demand – collection, integration and analysis of data. For that purpose, the follow-ing steps are taken during SanMap implementation: 1. Framing SanMap:

o To define the responsible per-sons in the local governments from each public service depart-ment (working group)

o To agree upon the area, where specific sanitation mapping will be conducted

o To clarify what data is available and what efforts are required to collect missing data & to process that data accordingly

2. Presentations to stakeholders/local government, informing them of the current situation and develop ing a work plan, methodology & parameters of data collection

3. Preparation of SanMap by: o checking the available data o recruiting & training a field team o preparing target groups for field

data collection 4. field data collection o Focus Group Discussions & inter-

views (participatory assessment)

o Transect walk o Manual map plotting 5. Data Processing: data digitalization, summarizing, verification & converting 6. Stakeholder training & producing a final report

o reporting the final results o demand-oriented analysis &

recommendations o software training

Citywide Mapping Before investing on getting detail on the sanitation situation in several sub-districts, it is important to know the sanitation conditions on a citywide scale. Using available secondary data from public authori-ties (Central Bureau of Statistic and relevant local departments), a city map (scale 1:25.000) is developed by the SanMap software considering six different parameters. The para-meters are: 1. Water supply 2. Solid waste management 3. Slum areas 4. Population density 5. Waterborne diseases 6. Socio-economic situation (e.g.

personal income) These parameters can be combined and unified by the SanMap software according to specific questions and queries. Additionally, consequences of changes and actions can be simu-lated with the aid of SanMap.

DEWATS SanMap: medium-term city planning for sustainable infrastructure development

BORDA experts & local authorities working on an orthophoto arranged by SanMap software.

Different parameters can be highlighted and combined by the SanMap-Software (left). – The SanMap programme is realized within 6 implementation steps (below).

Framing SanMap

Presentation to

Stakeholder /LG

Preparation of

SanMap

Data Field Collection

Training to

Stakeholder & Final Report

Data

Processing

Sub-district Mapping After getting an overview of the city-wide sanitation infrastructure, special target areas like low-income settle-ments can be identified and focused on with sub-district mapping (scale 1:5.000). For this purpose, primary data - direct data - are collected du-ring transect walks. Household sur-veys, interviews with inhabitants, fo-cus group discussions, field cross checks and GeoCoding via GPS are carried out. A sub-district map is created by the SanMap software using 30 different parameters, which can be grouped into the following: 1. Topography 2. Demography 3. Water supply 4. Health conditions 5. Sanitation infrastructure 6. Public sanitation facilities 7. Industry & sanitation Through this process, the basis for recommendations and courses of action to improve the sanitation infrastructure are created.

High-level solution Today, BORDA and its BNS Partner Network have already assisted nu-merous municipal governments with urban infrastructure development planning. SanMap already supported the creation of urban development plans in India (e.g. Pune, Bangalore), Indonesia (e.g. Medan, Padang) and Zambia (Lusaka). By using SanMap, the need for and the installation of sanitation infra-structure can be visualized and simu-lated. Local governments, munici-palities and finally the inhabitants benefit from an elaborated planning tool towards solving these problems at the city planning level.

DEWATS SanMap – a flexible, efficient and high-level urban infrastructure development approach

Benefits of SanMap Coordinated by BORDA’s regional of-fices and implemented with local BORDA BNS Partner Organizations, SanMap provides multiple benefits: o Systematic localisation of available

information and collection of current data

o Complex maps and simulations on different scales that visualize the (possible) conditions of the area

o Ability to develop a plan for upgra-ding of sanitation and wastewater treatment infrastructure

o Calculation of investment costs & support for funding assistance

o Courses of action and preparation for the first steps towards impro-ving sanitation in specific neigh-bourhoods.

The participation of local authorities in

the SanMap planning process is a basic component of the programme (left).

In cooperation with ESP/USAID, BORDA

implemented SanMap in 4 Indonesian cities: Medan, Padang,

Malang & Surabaya (right).

Bremen Overseas Research and Development Association

BORDA Germany Head Office fon: + 49 - 421-137 18 e-mail: office@borda-net.org www.borda-net.org

BORDA South East Asia Programme Office Indonesia fon: + 62 - 274 88 82 73 e-mail: yogya@borda-sea.org

BORDA South Asia Programme Office India fon: + 91 - 80 41 52 75 54 e-mail: bangalore@borda-sa.org

BORDA SADC Programme Office fon: + 255 – 22 2600 234 e-mail: dar@borda-sadc.org

DEWATS Service Packages

o Treatment Systems o Community Based Sanitation o School Based Sanitation o Sanitation for Hospitals & Hotels o Wastewater Treatment for Agro-Industry

o Emergency Sanitation o Sanitation for Prisons o Sanitation for Real Estates o Sanitation Mapping o Municipal Sludge Treatment Plant

o Health Impact Assessment & Hygiene Education

o Capacity Development o Standardisation o Research & Development

DEWATS – Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Solutions

Developed & disseminated by BORDA and over 20 BORDA BNS Network Partners in South and South East Asia & Southern Africa

With support from:

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