sampling of wastes

IV Congreso Residuos Sólidos Sampling of Wastes

September 2015

ABF-BOKU / Erwin Binner page 1

1 © Erwin Binner La Molina 2015

Sampling of WastesSampling of Wastes

Institute of Waste Management

Erwin Binner MSc.Erwin Binner MSc.BOKUBOKU--UniversityUniversity / Vienna/ Vienna

Institute of Waste ManagementInstitute of Waste Management

Marion Huber-HumerGudrun Obersteiner

Maxim AkhmadievPeter BeiglErwin BinnerMarlies HradGünther KrausPeter LechnerSabine LenzPeter MostbauerFlorian PartAlexandra Pukhnyuk Roland RamuschStefan SalhoferSilvia ScherhauferElisabeth SchmiedFelicitas SchneiderMargarete StaudnerBenjamin Steuer

Nina DegischerThomas EbnerReinhold OttnerZorica Stamenkovic

Anna HappenhoferChristian HochhauerAleksander JandricJulia Zeilinger


Outlook

Sampling of Wastes

Inhomogeneity Representative Sample

Sampling Plan

Material Properties

Increment Samples (number and amount)

Mixed Sample (amount)

Analyses of Water Content


September 2015



Sampling of Wastes

wastes in most cases are

very inhomogeneous

particle size

water content

content of hazardous compounds

……

the problem is to get a the problem is to get a

representative samplerepresentative sample


Sampling of WastesMunicipal Solid Wastes (MSW) - Delivery

photo: Erwin Binner


September 2015



Sampling of WastesMunicipal Solid Wastes (MSW) - Delivery

photo: Binner, 2008


Sampling of Wastes Biowaste – Delivery

photo: Binner, 2008


September 2015



Sampling of Wastes Biowaste – Compost

photo: Binner, 2010


Sampling of Wastes Wastes from Abandoned Sites

photo: ABF-BOKU


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Sampling of WastesSampling Plan

first we need a sampling plan (concept):

goal of investigation (why?)

which parameters do we have to analyse?- needed sample amount

- adequate pre-treatment and stabilisation of samples

knowledge about properties of waste- homogeneity

- bulk density

- maximum grain size, grain size distribution


Sampling of WastesSampling Plan

first we need a sampling plan (concept):

how to do sampling?- location and date of sampling

- proper tools for sampling

execution of sampling- journal of sampling (note important items)

- taking sub-samples

- mixing sub samples to „field sample“

- laboratory sample

- retain sample


September 2015



number of increments: very important- „an increment sample is part of the population by

which via statistic data a characterisation of the population shall be done.“compromise between accuracy and effort

- every element of population has to have the same chance to become part of the sample

Sampling of WastesSampling Plan – Number of Increments

the less the homogeneity, the larger the number of increment samples

calculation of number by statistical criteria

choose of increments by chance (luck)


Statistic Procedure: Ö-NORM EN 14899 Increment Size (Amount/Volume)

395

8395

9 107.2)3(10 DDMinc Minc minimum amount for increments, in kg

D95 „max. grain size“ (95-Percentil), in mm (MBT 10 to 60)

bulk density of waste, in kg/m3 (MBT ~ 700)

for D95 > 3mm

6 l3.5 l2.0 l1.0 l0.2 l0.05 lvolume of increment

4.1 kg2.4 kg1.2 kg0.5 kg0.15 kg0.02 kgamount of increment

60 mm50 mm40 mm30 mm20 mm10 mmmax. grain size (MBT)


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Sampling of Wastes / Example MBT Wastes Increment Size (Amount/Volume)

5.1 l4.3 l3.4 l2.6 l1.7 l0.9 lvolume of increment

3.6 kg3.0 kg2.4 kg1.8 kg1.2 kg0.6 kgamount of increment


Minc minimum amount of increment, in kg

max. grain size, in mm

Minc = 0.06 x max. grain size

approximation:


Statistic Procedure: Ö-NORM EN 14899 Increment Sample – Mixed Sample

Increment 1

Increment 2

Increment 3

Increment 4

Increment 5Increment 6

Mixed Sample

photo: Erwin Binner


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Statistic Procedure: Ö-NORM EN 14899 Sample Size (Amount) for Mixed Sample

94 l54 l43 l11.5 l3.5 l0.5 lvolume of sample

66 kg38 kg30 kg8 kg2.4 kg0.3 kgamount of sample


pCV

pgDM sam

23

95

)1()(

6

1

Msam minimum amount for sample, in gD95 „max. grain size “ (95-Percentil), in cmρ density of particles, in g/cm3

g factor for grain size distributionp m/m percentage of particles with defined characteristicCV wanted coefficient of variation


Sampling of WastesSample Size (Amount/Volume)

0.30.40.50.60.70.8density (kg/l) 1)

800 l450 l240 l100 l43 l15 lvolume of sample

240 kg180 kg120 kg60 kg30 kg12 kgamount of sample

400 mm300 mm200 mm100 mm50 mm20 mmmax. grain size

Ms minimum amount of sample, in kg


Ms = 0.6 x max. grain size

approximation for MSW:

1) very rough estimation!!

10 increments


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Sampling of Wastes Particle Size Reduction - Shredding

shredding of wet samples:

~ 10,000 € photo: Binner, 2004


• mix all the increments and build a cone

• divide the cone into 4 similar parts

•• throw awaythrow away2 parts (1+3)2 parts (1+3)

• mix the othertwo parts(2+4) carefully

• divide again into4 similar parts

•• throw away 2 partsthrow away 2 parts

• mix the other two parts carefully

• repeat as often as necessary

Sampling of WastesConing and Quartering Procedure

“coning and quartering” procedure:


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Sampling of WastesConing and Quartering Procedure

photo: ABF-BOKU


Analysis of Analysis of Water ContentWater Content


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Sampling of WastesSubsample for Analyses (Amount)

24 kg18 kg12 kg6.0 kg3.0 kg1.2 kgamount of sample

400 mm300 mm200 mm100 mm50 mm20 mmmax. grain size

Ms minimum amount of sample, in kg


Ms = 0.06 x max. grain size

approximation for MSW:

120 kg sample to laboratory


Analysis of WastesWater Content

Water Content (WC)“Fresh Laboratory Sample (< 20 mm)”

500 - 1,000 g (balance accurate to 0.1 g)

drying at 105 °C until weight is constant (24 - 48 hours)

weighing again (warm, because material catches water from atmosphere)

100 * (weight 100 * (weight wetwet –– weight weight drydry))

weight weight wetwetWC [% WM] =WC [% WM] =

result in: % WM (wet matter) accuracy: 1 decimal place (e.g. 25.4 %WM)

repetitions: 2 allowed difference: + 2.5 %

200 mm2 x 6 kg!


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Balance BA 160B~ 2,300 €

photo: Binner, 2011



Memmert UML 800 ~ 3,500 €

Memmert UM 600 ~ 1,600 €

photo: Binner, 2011


September 2015





Sampling and Pretreatment of Wastes Conclusions

sampling concept

goal of investigation, parameters, location, time, needed equipment,

information about waste (max. grain size resp. its distribution, homogeneity, physical requirements)

calculation of minimum sample amounts, number of increment samples, number of qualified mixed samples, number and amount of laboratory sample

sample stabilisation (cooling 4°C, freezing -20°C)


September 2015



Sampling and Pretreatment of Wastes Conclusions

sample pretreatment

which parameters should be analysed

stabilisation of samplesdrying, cooling 4°C, freezing -20°C

drying temperatureair drying, 45 °C, 105 °C

equipment for grinding (size reduction)Centrifugal Mill (contamination, heat), Agate Vibratory Disk Mill

elution media and perioddeionized water, CaCl2, pyrophosphate, …


“Sustainable MBT-Landfill”

0,5 m non calcareous gravel

1-2 m mature compost

Miscantus

mechanical-biologicalpretreated waste

drainage system for surface runoff“free leachate discharge”

landfill liner (DVO)

Muchas Gracias por Su Atención

Muchas Gracias por Su Atención

[email protected]://www.wau.boku.ac.at

sampling of wastes

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