sample pdf of solutions to std 10 question bank - english

Balbharati Registration No.: 2018MH0022 P.O. No. 3121TEID: 2218

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Written in accordance with the Question Bank released by Maharashtra State Board Secondary and Higher Secondary Education, Pune – 04 for Standard X Board Examination

Salient Features• Covers solutions to the Entire Question Bank of Std. X released by Maharashtra State Board in

the March 2021 • Questions from reduced syllabus (2021-22) are marked with symbol • Includes English Kumarbharati, Marathi Aksharbharati, Social Science (History & Political

Science and Geography) • Answers framed for all questions are based on Government Textbook and as per the prescribed

marking scheme

SOLUTIONS TO

(English Medium)

Sample Content

The journey to create a complete book is strewn with triumphs, failures and near misses. If you think we’ve nearly missed something or want to applaud us for our triumphs, we’d love to hear from you.

Please write to us on: [email protected] A book affects eternity; one can never tell where its influence stops

This reference book is transformative work based on Solutions to ‘SSC Board Question Bank (2020-21)’ for English Kumarbharati, Marathi Aksharbharati, Social Science (History & Political Science and Geography) released by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, Pune. We the publishers are making this reference book which constitutes as fair use of textual contents which are transformed by adding and elaborating, with a view to simplify the same to enable the students to understand, memorize and reproduce the same in examinations. This work is purely inspired upon the course work as prescribed by the Maharashtra State Bureau of Textbook Production and Curriculum Research, Pune. Every care has been taken in the publication of this reference book by the Authors while creating the contents. The Authors and the Publishers shall not be responsible for any loss or damages caused to any person on account of errors or omissions which might have crept in or disagreement of any third party on the point of view expressed in the reference book. © reserved with the Publisher for all the contents created by our Authors. No copyright is claimed in the textual contents which are presented as part of fair dealing with a view to provide best supplementary study material for the benefit of students.

Disclaimer

The Question Bank for Std. X was released by the Maharashtra State Board in the month of March 2021 as a respite to all the SSC students whose education had suffered due to the ongoing pandemic & the resultant restrictions at that point of time. The board exam for the year 2021 couldn’t be conducted due to the pandemic but the question bank released by the Board remains a guiding light for all the students who will be appearing for the board exam in the year 2022 and the further years as well. Target’s ‘Solutions to SSC Board Question Bank’ is intended for every state board student of standardX. As the name suggests, the book includes the solutions to each and every question that was provided inthe question bank. The book encompasses all the question types as per the given sequence in the questionbank for each subject, that is, for English Kumarbharati, Marathi Aksharbharati, Social Science(History & Political Science and Geography). Keeping in the mind syllabus reduced for the academic year2021-22, questions belonging to the reduced syllabus are marked with symbol . The answers framed in the book are completely based on the Government Textbook. At certainpoints, we have simplified or modified the answers for the ease of understanding. We have ensuredthat the answers are as per the prescribed marking scheme so that the student’s efforts bear thedesired fruits. We hope that the students find the book as one stop solution to the Question Bank . - Publisher Edition: First

PREFACE

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Chapter / Question No. Subject Page No.

English Kumarbharati SET – 1 Section I (Language Study) 1

Section II (Textual Passages) 2 Section III (Poetry) 4 Section IV (Non-textual Passages) 6 Section V (Writing skill) 8 Section VI (Creative Writing) 11

SET – 2 Section I (Language Study) 12 Section II (Textual Passages) 13 Section III (Poetry) 15 Section IV (Non-textual Passages) 16 Section V (Writing skill) 17 Section VI (Creative Writing) 20 cejeþer De#ejYeejleer efJeYeeie 1 - ieoîe 3 Meeue 21 4 GHeeme 23 7 HetÀìefÒevìdme 26 8 Tpee&MekeÌleer®ee peeiej 29 11 pebieue [e³ejer 31 15 Keje veeieefjkeÀ 34 DeHeefþle ieoîe 39 efJeYeeie 2 - Heoîe 2 mebleJeeCeer (De) - DebefkeÀuee ceer oeme legPee 41 2 mebleJeeCeer (Dee) - ³eesieer meJe&keÀeU megKeoelee 43 5 oesve efoJeme 44 9 Deew#eCe 46 12 jbie cepes®es jbie Goîee®es 48 13 efnjJebieej Pee[emeejKeb 50 16 mJeHve keÀª meekeÀej 52 efJeYeeie 3 - mLetueJee®eve ceesþs nesle Demeuesu³ee cegueebvees 54 peelee Demleeuee 55 J³eglHelleer keÀesMe 57 efJeYeeie 4 - Yee<eeY³eeme 58 efJeYeeie 5 - Ghe³eesefpele uesKeve He$euesKeve 63 meejebMeuesKeve 73 peeefnjele uesKeve 74 yeeleceer uesKeve 77 keÀLeeuesKeve 79 efveyebOeuesKeve 89

CONTENTS

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Chapter / Question No. Subject Page No.

History & Political Science History

1 Historiography : Development in the West 100 2 Historiography : Indian Tradition 104 3 Applied History 109 5 Mass Media and History 114 7 Sports And History 119 8 Tourism And History 122 9 Heritage Management 126 Political Science

1 Working of the Constitution 130 2 The Electoral Process 133 3 Political Parties 136 4 Social and Political Movements 139 Geography

Q.1 Choose the correct option and complete the sentence: 142 Identify the correct group. 144 Identify the correct co-relation and complete the chain. 145

Q.2 Identify the odd factor: 146 Match the following: 147 Answer the following questions as per the given instructions 148

Q.3 Distinguish between 149 State whether right or wrong 155 Write answer in one sentence 157 Write short notes 158 Name the following 163 Write the following regions in the correct group 164

Q.4 (A) Show the following in the outline map with index (any 4) 165 (B) Read the following map and answer the questions given below (any 4) 170

Q.5 Give geographical reasons 174

Q.6 (A) Prepare a graph with the help of given statistical information and answer the questions given below 179

(B) Observe the following graph and answer the questions given below 183 Q.7 Answer the following questions in brief 186

CONTENTS

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1

Q.1. A1. Do as directed (Any 4): [04 Marks] i. Identify the type of sentence: Don’t lose faith. Ans: Imperative sentence ii. Punctuate the given sentence. are you still hungry I asked faintly Ans: “Are you still hungry?” I asked faintly. iii. Find out minimum four lettered words

from the given word: Conversation- _______, _______,

_______, _______ Ans: Nation, ration, version, convent iv. Complete the following word chain for

verbs: Change-_______, _______, _______,

_______ Ans: Examine, enact, teach, hit v. Arrange the given words in the proper

alphabetical order. solution, security, sleep, suddenly Ans: Security, sleep, solution, suddenly A2. Do as directed (Any 2): [04 Marks] i. Rewrite in Indirect narration: “Now young man” he said, “We’re ready

to listen to Bach.” Ans: He told the young man that they were

ready to listen to Bach. ii. Make meaningful sentences of your

own to show the difference in homophones:

blue: blew: Ans: BLUE : My mother gifted me a blue shirt

on my birthday. BLEW : I think the wind blew that old

Maple over. iii. Rewrite in the past perfect continuous

tense: The marlin fights for its life desperately. Ans: The marlin had been fighting for its life

desperately. B. Do as directed (Any 1): [02 Marks] i. Change the following sentence into

positive and comparative degree: The biggest challenge knocking at the

doors of humankind is fear and intolerance.

Ans: P : No other challenge knocking on the doors of humankind is as big as fear and intolerance.

C : Fear and intolerance are bigger than any other challenges knocking at the doors of humankind.

ii. Pick out the Modal Auxiliary and state its function:

a. He would borrow one week, lend the next.

b. I knew, I could not afford caviar. Ans: a. Would - likelihood b. Could - ability

SECTION I: LANGUAGE STUDY Set 1

English Kumarbharati

ENGLISH ACTIVITY

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2 2

Q.2. A. Read the following passage and do the

activities: [10 Marks] A1. Complete the following web: (2) We saw small bits of grass peeping

through the small cracks in a concrete pavement. It left us thinking: however impossible things may look, there is always an opening......

We saw a tree bare of all leaves in the cold winter months. We thought its chapter was over. But three months passed, spring set in and the tree was back to its green majesty once again, full of leaves, flowers, birds and life. What if we too had the conviction that, however difficult things are right now, it will not remain so for ever. Remember, this too shall pass.

We saw an army of ants lugging a fly which was at least ten times the ant’s size. The ants organized themselves around the fly, lifted it on frail feelers and carried it to quite a distance. Their teamwork and perseverance were impressive. What if we too are consistent, organized focused....... Spider webs are delicate, yet very strong. A rainbow colours the entire sky. Oysters take in a grain of sand they open up with a pearl. Innumerable stars shine across the infinite sky. Clouds take new shapes with every passing moment. The wind makes trees dance with unhindered passion. Water, without hint of ego, changes its form according to the dictates of the sun and the wind. When we see a caterpillar turn into a butterfly, a flower turn into a fruit, we experience the alchemy of nature… we touch it and become gold ourselves.

A1. Ans: A2. What do the following things in nature

teach us: (2) i. Ants ______________ ii. Grass ______________ Ans: i. Ants teach us teamwork and

perseverance. ii. Grass teaches us however

impossible things may look, there is always an opening to grow and thrive.

A3. Complete the following collocations with the help of the passage: (2)

i. _______ winter ii. _______ moment iii. _______ passion iv. _______ sky Ans: i. Cold winter ii. Passing moment iii. Unhindered passion iv. Entire sky A4. Do as directed: (2) i. Spider webs are delicate, yet very strong.

(Rewrite the sentence beginning with ‘Although ..........’)

Ans: Although spider webs are delicate, they are very strong.

ii. We touch it and become gold ourselves. (Add a question tag and

Rewrite the sentence) Ans: We touch it and become gold ourselves,

don’t we? A5. How do you deal with difficulties and

problems in life? Explain in brief. (2) Ans: Whenever I am faced with difficulties and

problems in life, I believe in not making room for stress and worries. Instead, I try understanding the situation in the best possible manner. This helps me understand

What do the following things do

in nature?

Stars __________

Oysters__________ Trees __________

Rainbow – coloursthe entire sky.

Clouds __________

What do the following things do

in nature?

Oysters – taken in a grain of sand and open

up with a pearl.

Trees – dance with unhindered passion.

Rainbow – colours the entire sky.

Stars – shine across the infinite sky.

Clouds – take new shapes with every passing moment.

SECTION II: TEXTUAL PASSAGES (Reading Skills, Vocabulary and Grammar)

Set1

ENGLISH ACTIVITY

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Òe.1. De./Dee.GleeN³ee®³ee DeeOeejs met®evesvegmeej ke=Àleer keÀje.

iegCe (07) ke=À 1. SkeÀe JeekeÌ³eele Gllejs efuene. (02) i. cneleeje efYe#eskeÀjer keÀesþs yemeuee neslee? Gllej: cneleeje efYe#eskeÀjer DeeWkeÀejsMJej cebefoje®³ee Heguee®³ee

peJeUHeeme ceO³eeJej yemeuee neslee. ii. efYe#eskeÀN³eeves DebieeJej Je DebieeKeeueer keÀe³e HeebIejues

nesles? Gllej: efYe#eskeÀN³eeves DebieeJej Je DebieeKeeueer ef®ejiegìs HeebIejueer nesleer.

ke=À 1. Deeke=ÀefleyebOe HetCe& keÀje. (02) Gllej: i. Meeueer osCeeje uesKekeÀ Yeuee ceeCetme Deens. ii. ceeP³eemeejK³ee efYekeÀeN³eeuee Meeueer MeesYele veenerle.

iii. Meeueer®³ee MeesYesHes#ee Heesìe®eer Deeie HeÀej JeeF&ì Demeles. iv. Deece®eb efpeCeb efyekeÀì Deens. ke=À 1. `HeebIejC³eemeeþer efouesu³ee Meeueer efYe#eskeÀN³eeves

efJekeÀu³ee' l³ee®eer ner ke=Àleer legcnebme ³eesi³e Jeeìles, keÀer De³eesi³e ns mekeÀejCe efuene. (03)

Gllej: ceeP³ee celes efYe#eskeÀN³eeves Meeueer®ee kesÀuesuee GHe³eesie l³ee®³ee HeefjefmLeleeruee DevegªHe neslee. Devve ner ceeveJee®eer cetueYetle iejpe Deens. ner iejpe YeeieJeC³eekeÀjlee efYe#eskeÀN³eeves Meeueer efJekeÀC³ee®ee Iesleuesuee efveCe&³e ³eesi³e®e neslee. Mejerje®es Leb[erHeemetve j#eCe keÀjC³eekeÀjlee uesKekeÀeves efouesu³ee Meeueer efYe#eskeÀN³eeuee GHe³egkeÌle þjCeej nesl³ee; cee$e Mejerje®³ee Gyes®eer iejpe ner l³ee®³eekeÀjlee og³³ece nesleer. Heesìele YegkesÀ®ee [eWye GmeUuesu³ee l³ee efYe#eskeÀN³eeuee HeesìYej Devvee®eer DeefOekeÀ iejpe Jeeìueer. l³eecegUs, ceeie®ee-Heg{®ee efJe®eej ve keÀjlee l³eeves l³ee Meeueer efJekeÀu³ee. l³eeletve efceUeuesu³ee HewMeebletve l³eeves DeeHeueer ÒeeLeefcekeÀ iejpe YeeieJeueer. l³eeuee peeCeJeCeejer YetkeÀ ner l³eeuee yees®eCeeN³ee Leb[erHes#ee DeefOekeÀ leerJe´ nesleer. l³eecegUs, l³eeves Iesleuesuee ne efveCe&³e ³eesi³e®e neslee Demes ceuee Jeeìles.

Òe.1. De./Dee.GleeN³ee®³ee DeeOeejs met®evesvegmeej ke=Àleer keÀje. iegCe (07) ke=À 1. ®eewkeÀìer HetCe& keÀje. (02) i. Òel³eskeÀ keÀe³e&¬eÀceele mevceeve cnCetve efoues peeles – ii. uesKekeÀ JeeF&uee ³esLes jenle nesles – Gllej: i. Meeue Je ÞeerHeÀU ii. ke=À<Cee veoerkeÀeþ®³ee Òee%e HeeþMeeUs®³ee Keesueerle.

ke=Àleer ¬eÀceebkeÀ:1

ke=Àleer 1 DeekeÀueve


ke=Àleer 3 mJecele

ke=Àleer ¬eÀceebkeÀ:2


Heg{s ®eej-Hee®e efoJeme ceuee keÀener keÀeceebcegUs mebO³eekeÀeUer DeeWkeÀejsMJejeuee peeC³eeme Gmeble ueeYeueer veener. l³eebvelej ceer vesnceerÒeceeCes ³es-pee keÀjle jeefnuees. ceie SkeÀoce l³ee efYe#eskeÀjer Je=odOee®eer DeeþJeCe Deeueer. lees vesnceer®³ee efþkeÀeCeer veJnlee®e. lesLeerue HegueeJej ®ekeÌkeÀj ceejeJeer cnCetve ceer Gþuees Je HegueeJeªve ®eeuet ueeieuees. Heguee®³ee peJeUHeeme ceO³eeJej lees efYe#eskeÀjer cneleeje efomeuee. ceer ueieyeieerves l³ee®³eekeÀ[s iesuees. Heenlees lees keÀe³e, leer®e ef®ejiegìs DebieeKeeueer Je DebieeJej, les®e kegÀ[kegÀ[Ces, les®e oerveJeeCes efpeCes! ceer cnìues, ’yeeyee, legcner ceuee DeesUKeues?“ l³eeves vekeÀejeLeea ceeve nueJeueer. ceie ceer®e cnìues, ’yeeyee, Hee®e-mene efoJemeebHetJeea ceer legcnebuee oesve Meeueer efou³ee nesl³ee. DeeþJeles?“ ³eeJej cneleeje Kegueuee Je Hegvne nele pees[tve cnCeeuee, ’ns Yeu³ee ceeCemee, let ueF& ceesþe! c³eemveer Meeueer efou³ee! HeCe yeeyee, c³ee efYekeÀeN³eeuee Meeueer keÀMee MeesYeleerue? l³ee MeesYesHes#ee Heesìe®eer Deeie ueF& JeeF&ì! ceer Meeueer FkeÀu³ee Je oesve-leerve efoJeme HeesìYej pesJetve Iesleueb yeeyee! Deece®eb ns Demeueb efyekeÀì efpeCeb! legPeb ueF& GHekeÀej ne³esle yeeyee.“ Meeueer®eer MeesYee DeeefCe Tye Je Heesìe®eer Deeie DeeefCe Devvee®eer Tye! YegkesÀu³eeme Devve oîeeJes, leneveuesu³eeme HeeCeer oîeeJes DeeefCe nsner peceues veener, lej DeYeei³eebvee mevceevee®³ee Meeueer lejer oîeeJ³eele!

Meeueer efJekeÀu³eeJej efYe#eskeÀN³eeves J³ekeÌle kesÀuesu³ee YeeJevee

i ii iii iv

-je.ie.peeOeJe Meeue 03cejeþer De#ejYeejleer

efJeYeeie 1 - ieoîe

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22

SSC: Board Question Bank

ke=À 1. Deeke=ÀefleyebOe HetCe& keÀje. (02) Gllej: i. uesKekeÀeves ve jenJetve megìkesÀmeceOeueer `HegueefkeÀle' Meeue

keÀe{ueer. ii. megìkesÀmeceOetve Hee®eHevveeme ©He³eeb®³ee veesìe keÀe{u³ee. iii. Leb[erves kegÀ[kegÀ[CeeN³ee yeeUeuee DeeOeer Meeueerle

iegb[eUtve ceie ceemes ceejle yemeC³ee®ee meuuee efouee. iv. yeeF&uee nekeÀ ceeªve efKe[keÀerletve ns meJe& efleuee osT

kesÀues.

ke=À 1. `MeeueercegUs Meeueervelee peeles' efJeOeeve mHe<ì keÀje. (03) Gllej: Meeue ns meeceev³eHeCes mevceevee®es ÒeleerkeÀ ceeveues peeles. SKeeoîee

J³ekeÌleerves kesÀuesu³ee Gllegbie keÀe³ee&yeodoue l³ee®ee ieewjJe keÀjC³eekeÀjlee Meeue Yesì ªHeeves efoueer peeles. ceevee®³ee ªHeele efceUCeejer ner Meeue cee$e keÀener JesUe ceeveJeer mJeYeeJeeme ieJee&®ee mHeMe& keÀjJeles. efceUCeeN³ee ceeve-mevceeveeves ngjUtve peeTve MeeueeRveer veeJeepeuesueer J³ekeÌleer DeeHeu³ee Debieer DemeCeejer efJevece´lee, Meeueervelee ³eeb®ee l³eeie keÀjles DeeefCe ieJee&ves HegÀieles. l³eecegUs, MeeueeRcegUs Meeueervelee peeles ns SkeÀe DeLeea mel³e þjles; cee$e Òel³eskeÀ J³eefkeÌleyeeyele Demes®e Ie[les Demes veener. DeveskeÀ ceesþs ceeve-mevceeve efceUJeCeejs efoiiepe Deepener DeeHeueer Meeueervelee meebYeeUtve Demeu³ee®eer keÀener GoenjCes Deepener Deensle; HeCe ns ÒeceeCe cee$e Del³euHe Deens. `MeeueercegUs Meeueervelee peeles' ³ee JeekeÌ³eeele o[uesuee meKeesue DeLe& Gueie[le uesKekeÀeves De®etkeÀHeCes ceeveJeer mJeYeeJeoes<eeJej yeesì þsJeuesues efometve ³esles.


ke=Àleer 3 mJecele SkeÀoe ceer Heg.ue. osMeHeeb[s ³eeb®³eekeÀ[s keÀener SkeÀ efveefcelleeves iesuees neslees. keÀece Peeu³eeJej ceer efveIeC³ee®³ee yesleele neslees; lesJe{îeele megveerleeyeeF¥veer ceuee LeebyeJeues Je efJe®eejues, ’legcnebuee Meeue efoueer lej ®eeuesue keÀe³e?“ ceer SkeÀe Hee³eeJej `nes' cnìues. Heg.ue. Je megveerleeyeeF& ³eebveer ceuee Meeue oîeeJeer, ne ceuee ceesþe ieewjJe Jeeìuee. leer Meeue ceer ceeP³ee Keesueerleu³ee megìkesÀmeceO³es þsJetve efoueer. JeeHejueer cee$e keÀOeer®e veener. Heg{s JeeF&uee efJeMJekeÀesMee®ee DeO³e#e cnCetve ceer iesuees. efleLes veoerkeÀeþ®³ee Òee%e HeeþMeeUs®³ee Keesueerle ceer jenle Demes. Keesueer®³ee oef#eCeskeÀ[erue efKe[keÌ³ee ke=À<Cee veoer®³ee ef®eb®eesUîee ÒeJeeneJej nesl³ee. Leb[er®³ee efoJemeele SkeÀ yeeF& ceeP³ee efKe[keÀerKeeueerue Ieeìe®³ee íesìîee leìeJej efle®es íesìs cetue SkeÀe ìesHeueerle þsJetve ceemes HekeÀ[C³ee®³ee Goîeesieele nesleer. efle®es yeeU keÀ[ekeÌ³ee®³ee Leb[erves kegÀ[kegÀ[le j[le nesles; HeCe DeeF& eflekeÀ[s yeIelener veJnleer. ceuee cee$e jenJeues veener. ceer megìkesÀmeceOeerue `HegueefkeÀle' Meeue keÀe{ueer, Hee®eHevveeme ©He³eeb®³ee veesìe keÀe{u³ee Je l³ee yeeF&uee nekeÀ ceejueer. efKe[keÀerletve les meJe& Keeueer efoues DeeefCe cnìues, ’l³ee yeeUeuee DeeOeer Meeueerle iegb[eU DeeefCe ceie ceemes ceejle yewme.“ ³ee Ieìves®eer Tye HegueefkeÀle Meeueer®³ee GyesHes#ee DeefOekeÀ nesleer. keÀefJeJe³e& veeje³eCe megJex KetHe meYee, mebcesueves ieepeJele. Heg{s les meeefnl³e mebcesuevee®es DeO³e#ener Peeues. HeefjCeecele: l³eeb®³ee keÀe³e&¬eÀceebvee Denesje$e Yejleer®e Demes. Òel³eskeÀ keÀe³e&¬eÀceele mevceevee®eer Meeue Je ÞeerHeÀU l³eebvee efceUle jener. SkeÀoe les ceuee cnCeeues, ’³ee Meeueer IesTve IesTve ceer Deelee `Meeueerve' yevet ueeieuees Deens.“

kegÀ[kegÀ[Ceejs yeeU Heentve uesKekeÀeves kesÀuesu³ee ke=Àleer

i ii iii ivSample Content

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Òe.2. De. keÀefJeles®³ee DeeOeejs met®evesvegmeej ke=Àleer keÀje. iegCe (08) ke=À 1. ®eewkeÀìer HetCe& keÀje. (02) i. Deeieerle He[Ceejs ii. nbgyejle OeeJeCeejer Gllej: i. yeeU ii. iee³e ke=À 1. Deeke=Àleer HetCe& keÀje. (02) Gllej: i. ceelee ii. nefjCe iii. veeceosJe cenejepe iv. ®eelekeÀ ke=À 1. Òemlegle keÀefJelesleerue Keeueerue Meyoeb®ee DeLe& efuene. (02) i. OejCeer - ii. Jeve - iii. cesIe - iv. keÀepee - Gllej: i. Oejleer, Yetceer ii. pebieue, jeve iii. {ie iv. keÀeceeme ke=À 1. `lewmee OeebJes ceeefPe³ee keÀepe~ DebefkeÀuee ceer oeme legPee~~'

³ee DeesUerleerue YeeJemeeQo³e& mHe<ì keÀje. (02) Gllej: `DebefkeÀuee ceer oeme legPee' ³ee DeYebieele meble veeceosJeebveer DeeF& Je

yeeUe®³ee GoenjCeeodJeejs DeeHeues Je HejcesMJeje®es veeles meebefieleues Deens.

Deeieer®³ee le[eK³eele meeHe[uesu³ee yeeUeuee Jee®eJeC³eemeeþer peMeer l³ee®eer o³eeUt, ÒesceU DeeF& OeeJe Iesles, lemee let ceeP³eemeeþer OeeJe Iesleesme. ceer leguee MejCe Deeuesuee oeme Deens, Demee YeeJe meblekeÀJeer veeceosJe efJeþdþueepeJeU J³ekeÌle keÀjle Deensle. DeeF&-yeeUe®³ee GoenjCeeodJeejs keÀJeer®eer HejcesMJej Yesìer®eer leerJe´lee, keÀUkeÀU J³ekeÌle nesles. YekeÌleer, Òesce, efJejn, J³eekegÀUlee DeMee meJe& YeeJeYeeJevee GlkeÀìHeCes ³esLes J³ekeÌle Peeu³ee Deensle. DeeF&-ceguee®³ee veel³eeleerue Òesce keÀJeer mJele:®³ee Je YeieJeblee®³ee veel³eele MeesOet Heenlees.

efve:mJeeLe& YeeJevesves cegueeuee DeKeb[ peHeCeejer DeeF& p³eeÒeceeCes cegueeuee mebkeÀìeHeemetve otj keÀjles l³ee®eÒeceeCes ceePeer efJeþtceeTueer ceeP³eemeeþer vesnceer®e OeeJele ³esles. ³ee GlkeÀì Òesceeves®e ceuee HejcesMJeje®ee oeme kesÀues Deens. Demee HejcesMJejeJejerue DeHeej ÒesceYeeJe Je Deletì ÞeodOee veeceosJeebveer ³esLes J³ekeÌle kesÀueer Deens.

Òe.2. Dee. Heg{erue keÀefJeles®³ee l³eeKeeueer efouesu³ee

cegodoîeeb®³ee DeeOeejs ke=Àleer mees[Jee. `DebefkeÀuee ceer oeme legPee' iegCe (08) (KeeueerueHewkeÀer keÀesCel³eener 5 ke=Àleer efJe®eeju³ee peeleerue.) cegodos: i. Òemlegle keÀefJeles®es keÀJeer/ keÀJeef³e$eer- (01) Gllej: keÀJeer - meble veeceosJe ii. Òemlegle keÀefJeles®ee efJe<e³e- (01) Gllej: keÀefJeles®ee efJe<e³e - HejcesMJej Yesìer®eer leerJe´ F®íe iii. keÀefJelesleerue efouesu³ee DeesUeR®ee mejU DeLe& efuene-

(02) `meJeW®eer PesHeeJes Heef#eCeer~ efHeuueer He[leeb®eer OejCeer~~' Gllej: efHeuues peefceveerJej keÀesmeUlee®e He#eerCe ueies®e lesLes PesHe Iesles. iv. Òemlegle keÀefJelee DeeJe[C³ee®es Jee ve DeeJe[C³ee®es

keÀejCe- (02) Gllej: `DebefkeÀuee ceer oeme legPee' ne DeYebie ceuee HeÀej DeeJe[lees, keÀejCe

DeYebiee®eer Yee<ee meeOeer-mejU Deens. Del³eble ceespekeÌ³ee Meyoeble efJeefJeOe ¢<ìevle (GoenjCes) osTve veeceosJeebveer DeeHeuee GlkeÀì YeeJe keÀefJelesle J³ekeÌle kesÀuee Deens. íesìs íesìs ®ejCe (DeesUer) JeeHeªve vescekeÀe DeLe& DeeHeu³eeHe³e¥le Heesnes®eJeuee Deens.



ke=Àleer 3 Meyoeb®es DeLe&

ke=Àleer 4 keÀeJ³emeeQo³e&

Deeqiveceeefpe He[s yeeUt~ ceelee OeebJeW keÀveJeeUt~~1~~ lewmee OeebJeW ceeefPe³ee keÀepee~ DebefkeÀuee ceer oeme legPee~~2~~ meJeWef®e PeWHeeJeW Heef#eCeer~ efHeueeR He[leebef®e OejCeeR~~3~~

YegkesÀueW JelmejeJeW~ Oesveg ngbyejle OeebJes~~4~~ JeCeJee ueeieueemes JeveeR~ Hee[me ef®ebleerle njCeer~~5~~ veecee cnCes cesIee pewmee~ efJeveefJelees ®eelekeÀ lewmee~~6~~

keÀesCe les efuene.

keÀveJeeUt ef®ebeflele oeme efJeveJeCeeje

i ii iii iv

-meble veeceosJe mebleJeeCeer (De) DebefkeÀuee ceer oeme legPee02efJeYeeie 2 - Heoîe

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DeYebieele `efyebotceO³es efmebOet' cnCepes®e keÀceer Meyoeble KetHe DeLe& J³ekeÌle keÀjC³ee®eer MekeÌleer Deens, ns ³ee DeYebieeletve efometve ³esles. ner meblekeÀefJelee ieelee ³esles. lemes®e, leer Jee®eveer³e, ÞeJeCeer³e Demeu³eecegUs ceuee HeÀej DeeJe[les.

v. Òemlegle keÀefJelesletve efceUCeeje mebosMe- (02) Gllej: Òemlegle DeYebieeletve meble veeceosJe HejcesMJejeuee DeeF&

ceevetve l³eeves l³ee®³ee cegueeÒeceeCes DeeHeuee meebYeeU keÀjeJee DeMeer DeeUJeCeer keÀjleele. cetue p³eeÒeceeCes DeeHeu³ee DeeF&Jej HetCe&HeCes DeJeuebyetve Demeles l³eeÒeceeCes DeeHeCener HejcesMJej®ejCeer HetCe&HeCes ueerve JneJes. ³eecegUs, HejcesMJej DeeHeu³ee Yesìermeeþer Deelegjlesves OeeJe IesF&ue Demee efJeMJeeme les ³ee DeYebieeletve J³ekeÌle keÀjleele.

vi. Òemlegle Meyoeb®ee DeLe&- (02) 1. DebefkeÀuee - 2. ceelee - 3. oeme - 4. cesIe - Gllej: 1. DebefkeÀle Peeuesuee 2. DeeF&, peveveer 3. mesJekeÀ 4. {ie

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cejeþer De#ejYeejleer

Gllej: keÀJeer DeeHeu³ee osMee®es JeCe&ve keÀjleevee DeefYeceeveeves meebielees,

keÀer ³ee osMee®³ee ceeleerJejleer, ³ee cee³eYetceerJejleer Deece®ee

DeefOekeÀej Deens. l³eecegUs, veJ³ee efHe{er®es Yeejlee®³ee

GppJeue YeefJe<³ee®es mJeHve Deecner Òel³e#eele DeeCet. iv. Òemleggle keÀefJelesletve efceUCeeje mebosMe- (02) Gllej: `mJeHve keÀª meekeÀej' ³ee keÀefJelesle keÀJeer efkeÀMeesj HeeþkeÀ

³eebveer osMee®³ee GppJeue YeefJe<³ee®es mJeHve ef®eef$ele kesÀues Deens. Òemlegle keÀefJelesodJeejs ke=Àef<emebmke=Àleer, ÞeceÒeefle<þe Je SkeÀer®es yeU ³ee cetu³eeb®es cenllJe les mHe<ì keÀjle Deensle. osMee®es YeefJe<³e GppJeue keÀjC³eemeeþer DeeHeCe Mesleer®ee efJekeÀeme keÀªve mebHevve nesT³ee, GoîeesieOeboîeeb®eer YejYejeì JneJeer cnCetve ÞeceMekeÌleer Ke®e& keÀª³ee, SkeÀelceles®ee ceb$e peHet³ee DeeefCe ³ee efJeMJee®es JewYeJe Jee{JeC³eemeeþer Òe³elveMeerue jent³ee Demee mebosMe les osleele.

v. Òemlegle keÀefJelee DeeJe[C³ee®eer Jee ve DeeJe[C³ee®eer

keÀejCes- (02) Gllej: ns mecetnieerle meeO³ee, meesH³ee Yee<esle osMeeleerue

Mesleermebmke=Àleer, Þeceeb®es cenllJe Je SkeÀlee ³ee cetu³eebJej Yej osles. DeeHeu³ee osMee®eer YejYejeì, efJekeÀeme nesJees Demee MegYe efJe®eej J³ekeÌle keÀjleevee®e DeeHeCe meJee¥veer ³ee keÀe³ee&le Heg{ekeÀej IesT³ee Demee Òe³elveJeeoer ¢ef<ìkeÀesve keÀJeer ceeb[leele. ner keÀefJelee Glmeener YeeJe Je mekeÀejelcekeÀlee efvecee&Ce keÀjles. ³ecekeÀ meeOeCeejer, leeueyeodOe j®evee Demeu³eecegUs leer ue³eerle ieelee ³esles. meJe& osMeJeeefme³eebvee osMe Ie[JeC³ee®eer ÒesjCee osCeejer ner keÀefJelee ceuee HeÀej®e DeeJe[les.

vi. Òemlegle keÀefJelesleerue efouesu³ee Meyoeb®ee DeLe& efuene.

(02) 1. ®ewlev³e 2. Þece 3. Goîeesie 4. Gl¬eÀebleer Gllej: 1. Glmeen 2. keÀ<ì, cesnvele 3. J³eJemee³e 4. meeJekeÀeMe nesCeejs þesme yeoue

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ke=À 1. [e@keÌìj Deefveue keÀekeÀes[keÀj ³eeb®³ee J³eeqkeÌlecellJee®es JeCe&ve

ceesþs nesle Demeuesu³ee cegueebvees ³ee Heeþe®³ee DeeOeejs keÀje. Gllej: [e@keÌìj Deefveue keÀekeÀes[keÀj ns Yeejleeleerue megÒeefmeodOe

DeCegMeem$e%e Demetve l³eeb®³ee keÀe³ee&yeodoue l³eebvee `HeodceefJeYet<eCe' HegjmkeÀejeves mevceeefvele keÀjC³eele Deeues Deens. [e@. Deefveue keÀekeÀes[keÀjeb®es ns J³eeqkeÌlecellJe Ie[ues les l³eeb®³ee peerJeveeleerue DevegYeJeebveer. keÀesCel³ee DevegYeJeeletve keÀe³e efMekeÀeJes ³ee®eer Gllece HeejKe l³eebvee Demeu³ee®es ³ee Heeþeletve peeCeJeles. [e@. Deefveue keÀekeÀes[keÀjeb®³ee ceveele [e@. nesceer YeeYeebmeejK³ee ceneve J³eeqkeÌlecellJeeuee Depejecej mLeeve Demeu³ee®esner ue#eele ³esles. DeMee ceesþîee J³ekeÌleeR®³ee efJe®eejeb®ee Deeoj keÀjCes, l³eebveer meebefieleuesu³ee iees<ìeRJej Debceue keÀjCes ³eeletve l³eeb®³eeleerue Dee%eeOeejkeÀHeCee, ÒeeceeefCekeÀHeCee efometve ³eslees. [e@. Deefveue keÀekeÀes[keÀj ns DeeHeu³ee keÀeceeJej Òe®eb[ efve<þe Demeuesues, peyeeyeoejerves keÀece HetCe& keÀjCeejs, mJeÒesjCesves DeefOekeÀ keÀ<ì IesTve keÀece keÀjCeejs, mJele:®ee ceeie& mJele: MeesOeCeejs Demes J³eeqkeÌlecellJe Deens. `mkeÀe³e Fpe o efueefceì' ³ee efmLeleer®ee DevegYeJe IesCeejs, `DeeOeer kesÀues ceie meebefieleues' ³ee GkeÌleerÒeceeCes keÀe³e& keÀjCeejs, DevegYeJeeodJeejs efMe#eCeeJej efJeMJeeme DemeCeejs [e@. Deefveue keÀekeÀes[keÀj ns SkeÀ ceneve J³eeqkeÌlecellJe nesles.

ke=À 2. uesKekeÀe®ee yeeke&ÀceOeerue DevegYeJe legce®³ee Meyoeble efuene. Gllej: uesKekeÀe®es keÀe@uespe®es efMe#eCe Peeu³eeveblej les yeeke&À cnCepes®e

`YeeYee DeCegmebMeesOeve keWÀêe®³ee' ì̂seEveie mketÀueceO³es ÒeefMe#eCeemeeþer oeKeue Peeues. lesLes Demeleevee l³eebvee [e@. nesceer YeeYee ³eeb®es ceesuee®es ceeie&oMe&ve efceUeues. l³eeb®es J³eeqkeÌlecellJe Òe®eb[ mHetÀleea osCeejs nesles. `DeeHeCe keÀe³e keÀece keÀje³e®eb les DeeHeCe®e þjJeueb Heeefnpes DeeefCe DeeHeueb keÀece DeeHeCe®e efvecee&Ce kesÀueb Heeefnpes' ne DeefleMe³e cenllJee®ee Je ÒesjCeeoe³eer efJe®eej [e@. YeeYeebveer [e@. keÀekeÀes[keÀjeb®³ee ceveele ©peJeuee. ns ÒeefMe#eCe mebHeu³eeJej uesKekeÀ yeeke&ÀceO³es®e FbefpeefveDej cnCetve ©pet Peeues.

uesKekeÀeves l³eebveer efouesu³ee ³ee met®eveeb®es lebleesleble Heeueve kesÀues DeeefCe l³eeveblej DeeHeues keÀece DeeHeCe®e MeesOeu³eeme `mkeÀe³e Fpe o efueefceì' DeMeer HeefjefmLeleer KejesKej®e efvecee&Ce nesle Demeu³ee®ee DevegYeJe Iesleuee.

yeeke&ÀceO³es Fbefpeefve³ej cnCetve ©pet neslee®e uesKekeÀ [e@. Deefveue keÀekeÀes[keÀj ³eebvee cesìuee³eeEPeie Òeef¬eÀ³esJej keÀece keÀjC³eeme meebieC³eele Deeues; l³eekeÀjlee DeeJeM³ekeÀ ³eb$emeeceûeerner lesLes GHeueyOe nesleer; cee$e DeeleeHe³e¥le l³eeJej keÀesCeerner keÀece kesÀuesues vemeleeveener uesKekeÀebveer les keÀece neleer Iesleues Je ceoleermeeþer SkeÀ

Jesu[j Je SkeÀ HeÀesjceve ³eeb®eer ceeieCeer Jeefj<þebkeÀ[s kesÀueer; HeCe l³eeuee vekeÀej efceUlee®e uesKekeÀebveer mJele: keÀeceeme meg©Jeele kesÀueer DeeefCe Oe[He[ keÀjle l³eebveer les keÀece HetCe&ner kesÀues. l³eeveblej Jeefj<þebveer keÀe³e&¬eÀcee®eer J³eeHleer Jee{Jee³euee meg©Jeele kesÀueer DeeefCe ceie cee$e meejer ceole HegjJeC³ee®eer le³eejer oMe&Jeueer; cee$e ner ceole uesKekeÀebveer veekeÀejueer. DeeleeHe³e¥le FlejebkeÀ[tve keÀece ve nesC³eeceeieerue keÀejCe Jeefj<þebkeÀ[tve keÀUlee®e cee$e `DeeOeer legcner keÀª MekeÀlee ns oeKeJee, ceie Flejebvee keÀece meebiee' ³ee efJe®eeje®eer uesKekeÀeme Òeef®eleer Deeueer.

DeMeeÒekeÀejs, uesKekeÀ yeeke&ÀceOeerue DevegYeJeebveer DeefOekeÀ ÒeieuYe Peeues.

ke=À 3. [e@keÌìj nesceer YeeYee ³eeb®³ee J³eeqkeÌlecellJee®es JeCe&ve

legce®³ee Meyoeble efuene. Gllej: [e@. nesceer YeeYee ns ÒeK³eele DeCegMeem$e%e nesles. l³eebveer

Yeejleeleerue DeCegmebMeesOevee®ee Hee³ee Ieeleuee. l³eeb®³ee ³ee keÀe³ee&®ee ieewjJe JneJee ³eemeeþer `YeeYee De@ìe@efcekeÀ efjme®e& meWìj' ³ee mebmLesuee l³eeb®es veeJe osC³eele Deeues Deens. uesKekeÀ [e@. Deefveue keÀekeÀes[keÀj ³eebvee YeeYee DeCegmebMeesOeve keWÀêele keÀece keÀjle Demeleevee [e@. nesceer YeeYee ³eeb®es ceesuee®es ceeie&oMe&ve ueeYeues. l³eeb®es J³eeqkeÌlecellJe Òe®eb[ mHetÀleea osCeejs nesles. `DeeHeCe keÀe³e keÀece keÀje³e®eb les DeeHeCe®e þjJeueb Heeefnpes DeeefCe DeeHeueb keÀece DeeHeCe®e efvecee&Ce kesÀueb Heeefnpes' ne DeefleMe³e cenllJee®ee Je ÒesjCeeoe³eer efJe®eej [e@. YeeYeebveer [e@. keÀekeÀes[keÀjeb®³ee ceveele ©peJeuee.

ke=À 4. Jew%eeefvekeÀ Je efJeoîeeLeea ³eeb®³eeleerue mebJeeo mJele:®³ee keÀuHevesves efuene.

Gllej: efJeoîeeLeea: mej, Deecner FlekeÀer cegueb-cegueer Deenesle; HeCe meJee¥vee

Hegjsue FlekebÀ keÀece yeeke&ÀceO³es kegÀþs Deens? Jew%eeefvekeÀ: legcner l³ee®eer keÀeUpeer keÀe keÀjlee? legcner meJe&peCe

mebMeesOeve keÀjle jne, l³eemeeþer mejkeÀejuee Ke®e& efkeÀleer ³eslees ³ee®ee Deelee efJe®eej keÀª vekeÀe; cee$e SkeÀ keÀje, legcner mJele:®e keÀece efvecee&Ce keÀje.

efJeoîeeLeea: cnCepes vekeÌkeÀer Deecner keÀe³e keÀje³e®eb? Jew%eeefvekeÀ: DeeHeCe keÀe³e keÀece keÀje³e®eb ns legcner mJele:®e þjJee.

yee@meves meebefieleueb lesJe{b®e keÀece keÀje³e®eb DeeefCe meebefieleueb vemesue, lej DeeHeu³eeuee keÀece®e veener Demeb mecepee³e®eb, ns ®etkeÀ Deens. ner ÒeJe=lleer iesueer Heeefnpes.

efJeoîeeLeea: mej, legcner Deece®³ee efJe®eejebvee veJeer efoMee efoueerle. Deecnebuee ³ee®ee YeeJeer Dee³eg<³eele vekeÌkeÀer®e HeÀe³eoe nesF&ue. Oev³eJeeo mej!

efJeYeeie 3 - mLetueJee®eve

-Deefveue keÀekeÀes[keÀjceesþs nesle Demeuesu³ee cegueebvees...

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ke=À.1. J³eglHelleer keÀesMe ³ee Heeþe®³ee DeeOeejs Meyoeb®es efJeefJeOe DeLe& Je

meceeve efomeCeeN³ee Meyoeb®es DeLe& ³eebefJe<e³eer meefJemlej efuene. Gllej: keÀeUeÒeceeCes Meyoeb®³ee mJeªHeele, l³eeb®³ee DeLee&le, l³eeb®³ee

HejmHejmebyebOeeble yeoue nesleele. ns yeoue DeHeefjne³e& Demeleele. les J³eglHelleer keÀesMee®³ee DeY³eemeeletve mecepetve IesCes menpe MekeÌ³e nesles.

yeN³ee®e JesUe Yee<esle SkeÀ Meyo efJeefJeOe DeLee¥veer JeeHejuee peelees. Meyoe®eer cetU J³eglHelleer SkeÀe DeLee&®eer Demeueer lejerner keÀeueDeesIeele ³ee Meyoebvee JesieUe DeLe& ÒeeHle nesTve lees Òe®eefuele neslees. HetJeea DeefmlelJeele Demeuesu³ee SKeeoîee Meyoe®ee DeLe& nUtnUt yeouele peelees eEkeÀJee cetU DeLee&yejesyej®e DeeCeKeer SKeeoe DeLe& Yee<esle efmLejeJelees.

Goe. `MeneCee' ³ee Meyoe®ee DeLe& HetJeea ngMeej, yegodefOeceeve, ®eeueeKe Demee neslee. ³ee Meyoe®eer `me%eeve' ³ee MeyoeJeªve J³eglHelleer Peeueer DemeeJeer. Deelee cee$e `MeneCee' ³ee Meyoe®ee `DeefleMeneCee' Demee DeLe&ner ª{ nesle Deens.

DeveskeÀ JesUe meceeve efomeCeeN³ee Meyoeb®esner JesieJesieUs DeLe& DeeHeCeebme Yee<esle ieJemeleele. ceie Òemebieeuee DeeefCe JeekeÌ³eeuee Devegmeªve l³eeb®ee DeLe& ue#eele I³eeJee ueeielees.

Goe. `leej' ³ee Meyoe®ee SkeÀ DeLe& Oeelet®ee HeeleU Oeeiee, lej ogmeje DeLe& `HetJeea®³ee keÀeUer lJejsves mebosMe HeeþJeC³ee®es meeOeve' Demee neslees.

DeMeeÒekeÀejs, Yee<esceOeerue DeveskeÀ yeejkeÀeJes, keÀeUevegªHe efle®³eele Peeuesues yeoue peeCetve IesC³eemeeþer J³eglHelleer keÀesMe GHe³egkeÌle þª MekeÀlees. ke=À.2. J³eglHelleer keÀesMe ³ee efJe<e³eeJej ìerHe efuene. Gllej: J³eglHelleer meebieCes cnCepes SKeeoîee Meyoe®³ee cegUeefJe<e³eer ceeefnleer

osCes ns J³eglHelleer keÀesMee®es keÀe³e& nes³e. J³eglHelleer keÀesMee®es keÀe³e& ns ÒeecegK³eeves ®eej ÒekeÀej®es Demeles, les Heg{erueÒeceeCes:

i. Meyoe®es cetU ªHe oeKeJeCes: Yee<esleerue yeouele iesuesu³ee Meyoeb®es cetU DeeHeu³eeuee J³eglHelleer keÀesMee®³ee ceeO³eceeletve MeesOelee ³esles. GoenjCeeLe&, cejeþer Yee<esleerue `Deeie' ne Meyo mebmke=ÀleceOeerue `Deeqive' ³ee MeyoeHeemetve Deeuee Deens.

ii. DeLee¥leerue yeoue mHe<ì keÀjCes: keÀeUevegmeej, Meyoeb®³ee mJeªHeele, DeLee&le Je l³eeb®³ee HejmHejmebyebOeele yeoue nesleele. keÀenerJesUe cetU DeLee&meesyele®e DeefOekeÀ®ee SKeeoe DeLe& l³ee Yee<esle ª{ neslees. Goe. J³eglHelleer keÀesMeevegmeej MeneCee cnCepes ngMeej, yegodefOeceeve; HeCe meO³ee `MeneCee' cnCepes `DeefleMeneCee' ne DeLe&osKeerue ª{ nesle Deens. meceeve efomeCeeN³ee Meyoeb®es JesieJesieUs DeLe&osKeerue J³eglHelleer keÀesMeeletve Gueie[leele.

Goe. Heeþ. Mejerje®ee DeJe³eJe efkebÀJee HegmlekeÀeleerue Oe[e.

iii. G®®eejeleerue yeoue Je HeÀjkeÀ oeKeJeCes: SKeeoîee Meyoe®es cetU ªHe, l³ee®ee Fefleneme, Dev³e Yee<eeble lees Meyo keÀmee Deeuee Deens nsner J³eglHelleer keÀesMeele oeKeJeuesues Demeles. Goe. oerHeeJeueer ne cetU mebmke=Àle Meyo; cejeþerle l³ee®ee efoJeeUer ne Meyo yeveuee Deens.

iv. yeoueeb®es keÀejCe mHe<ì keÀjCes: Yee<esle yeoue nesC³eeceeies yengleskeÀoe megueYeerkeÀjCee®eer cnCepes®e meesHes keÀjC³ee®eer ÒeJe=lleer Demeles efkebÀJee keÀesCel³eener oesve Yee<ee yeesueCeejs Yeeef<ekeÀ SkeÀceskeÀeb®³ee mebHekeÀe&le Deeu³eecegUs l³eeb®³ee Yee<eebleerue Meyoeb®eer osJeeCeIesJeeCe nesles. ³ee meJe& yeoueebceeie®³ee keÀejCeeb®eer veeWo J³eglHelleer keÀesMee®es keÀe³e& Deens.

ke=À.3. J³eglHelleer keÀesMe Deepe®³ee ³egieele efkeÀleer DeeJeM³ekeÀ Deens les GoenjCes osTve meebiee.

Gllej: J³eglHelleer meebieCes cnCepes SKeeoîee Meyoe®³ee cegUeefJe<e³eer ceeefnleer osCes ns J³eglHelleer keÀesMee®es keÀe³e& nes³e. ÒeejbYeer®eer Yee<ee keÀeUe®³ee Òel³eskeÀ ìHH³eeJej yeouele iesueer. Deelee®es efle®es mJeªHe HetJeea®³ee Yee<esntve HetCe&HeCes efYevve Deens. ns HeefjJele&ve ue#eele IesC³eekeÀjlee, Meyoeb®³ee efveefce&leerceeieerue jnm³e MeesOeC³eekeÀjlee, l³ee Meyoebceeieerue DeLee¥®es Heoj Gueie[C³eekeÀjlee, Yee<es®ee Deevebo IesC³eekeÀjlee Je Yee<ee meKeesueHeCes Deelcemeele keÀjC³eekeÀjlee J³eglHelleer keÀesMee®eer Deepe®³ee ³egieele DeeJeM³ekeÀlee Yeemeles. Yee<esleerue yeouele iesuesu³ee Meyoeb®es cetU DeeHeu³eeuee J³eglHelleer keÀesMee®³ee ceeO³eceeletve MeesOelee ³esles. GoenjCeeLe&, cejeþer Yee<esleerue `Deeie' ne Meyo mebmke=ÀleceOeerue `Deeqive' ³ee MeyoeHeemetve Deeuee Deens.

keÀeUevegmeej, Meyoeb®³ee mJeªHeele, DeLee&le Je l³eeb®³ee HejmHejmebyebOeeble yeoue nesleele. keÀenerJesUe cetU DeLee&meesyele®e DeefOekeÀ®ee SKeeoe DeLe& l³ee Yee<esle ª{ neslees. Goe. J³eglHelleer keÀesMeevegmeej MeneCee cnCepes ngMeej, yegodefOeceeve; HeCe meO³ee `MeneCee' cnCepes `DeefleMeneCee' ne DeLe&osKeerue ª{ nesle Deens. meceeve efomeCeeN³ee Meyoeb®es JesieJesieUs DeLe&osKeerue J³eglHelleer keÀesMeeletve Gueie[leele. Goe. Heeþ. Mejerje®ee DeJe³eJe efkebÀJee HegmlekeÀeleerue Oe[e.

SKeeoîee Meyoe®es cetU ªHe, l³ee®ee Fefleneme, Dev³e Yee<eeble lees Meyo keÀmee Deeuee Deens nsner J³eglHelleer keÀesMeele oeKeJeuesues Demeles. Goe. oerHeeJeueer ne cetU mebmke=Àle Meyo; cejeþerle l³ee®ee efoJeeUer ne Meyo yeveuee Deens.

Yee<esle yeoue nesC³eeceeies yengleskeÀoe megueYeerkeÀjCee®eer cnCepes®e meesHes keÀjC³ee®eer ÒeJe=lleer Demeles efkebÀJee keÀesCel³eener oesve Yee<ee yeesueCeejs Yeeef<ekeÀ SkeÀceskeÀeb®³ee mebHekeÀe&le Deeu³eecegUs l³eeb®³ee Yee<eebleerue Meyoeb®eer osJeeCeIesJeeCe nesles. ³ee meJe& yeoueebceeie®³ee keÀejCeeb®eer veeWo J³eglHelleer keÀesMeele Demeu³eeves Yee<eeY³eeme keÀjleevee J³eglHelleer keÀesMee®eer DeeJeM³ekeÀlee Yeemeles.

J³eglHelleer keÀesMe

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Òe.4. De. J³eekeÀjCe IeìkeÀebJej DeeOeeefjle ke=Àleer. iegCe (08) ke=À 1. JeekeÌ³eÒekeÀej (02) Keeueerue JeekeÌ³eeb®ee ÒekeÀej DeesUKee. (keÀesCelesner oesve) i. Meeue Je Meeueervelee ³eeb®ee mebyebOe keÀe³e? ii. ceeP³ee Keepeieer GHees<eCee®eer nkeÀerkeÀle ®eeUerle peenerj Peeueer. iii. lesue DeeefCe leUuesues HeoeLe& DeeOeer mees[e. iv. Òe®eb[ mHetÀefle&oe³ekeÀ J³eeqkeÌlecellJe nesleb les! v. Deyogue yeme mìe@HeJej Deeuee. vi. l³eebvee ceer keÀmee efJemeª MekesÀve? vii. keÀekeÀe legcner keÀener Pee[b ueeJee. viii. efkeÀleer Òe®eb[ keÀeye&ve ef®ekeÀìuesuee Demelees, DeeHeu³ee Hee³eebvee! ix. Deece®³eepeJeU SJe{s Hewmes kegÀþtve ³esCeej? x. legPee DeeJeekeÀe KetHe®e ceesþe Deens. Gllej: i. ÒeMveeLeea JeekeÌ³e ii. efJeOeeveeLeea JeekeÌ³e iii. Dee%eeLeer& JeekeÌ³e iv. GodieejeLeea JeekeÌ³e v. efJeOeeveeLeea JeekeÌ³e vi. ÒeMveeLeea JeekeÌ³e vii. Dee%eeLeea JeekeÌ³e viii. GodieejeLeea JeekeÌ³e ix. ÒeMveeLeea JeekeÌ³e x. efJeOeeveeLeea JeekeÌ³e ke=À 2. JeekeÌ³eªHeeblej (02) kebÀmeeleerue met®evesvegmeej JeekeÌ³eªHeeblej keÀje.

(keÀesCelesner oesve) i. ³eeJej lees Meeueerve keÀJeer ceveeHeemetve nmeuee. (GodieejeLeea keÀje.)

ii. ueþdþHeCee keÀe³e DeeHeu³ee neleele Deens? (efJeOeeveeLeea keÀje.) iii. cevee®eb meeceL³e& ceesþb Deens. (GodieejeLeea keÀje.) iv. Òe®eb[ mHetÀefle&oe³ekeÀ J³eeqkeÌlecellJe nesleb les! (efJeOeeveeLeea keÀje.) v. leHeesJeveekeÀ[s keÀesCe keÀMeeuee peelees³e? (efJeOeeveeLeea keÀje.) vi. ³ee KesUeves®e ceuee peemle YegjU Hee[ueer. (GodieejeLeea keÀje.) vii. mìsMeve FLetve KetHe otj nesleb. (vekeÀejeLeea keÀje.) viii. efleLeues efMe#ekeÀ ceveeveb KetHe Þeerceble nesles. (GodieejeLeea keÀje.) ix. l³eebvee ceer keÀOeerner efJemeª MekeÀCeej veener. (ÒeMveeLeea keÀje.) x. legce®³eeMeer cew$eer keÀje³euee KetHe DeeJe[sue ceuee.

(GodieejeLeea keÀje.) Gllej: i. ³eeJej efkeÀleer ceveeHeemetve nmeuee lees Meeueerve keÀJeer! ii. ueþdþHeCee DeeHeu³ee neleele vemelees. iii. efkeÀleer ceesþb meeceL³e& Deens cevee®eb! iv. les J³eeqkeÌlecellJe Òe®eb[ mHetÀefle&oe³ekeÀ nesleb. v. leHeesJeveekeÀ[s keÀesCeerner peele veener.

vi. efkeÀleer YegjU Hee[ueer ceuee ³ee KesUeves! vii. mìsMeve FLetve HeÀejmeb peJeU veJnleb. viii. ceveeveb efkeÀleer Þeerceble nesles efleLeues efMe#ekeÀ! ix. l³eebvee ceer keÀOeer efJemeª MekesÀve keÀe? x. Kejb®e! efkeÀleer DeeJe[sue ceuee legce®³eeMeer cew$eer

keÀje³euee! ke=À 3. JeekedÀÒe®eej (04) i. KeeueerueHewkeÀer keÀesCel³eener oesve JeekedÀÒe®eejeb®es DeLe&

meebietve JeekeÌ³eele GHe³eesie keÀje. De. ieewjJe JeeìCes ye. Gmeble ve ueeYeCes keÀ. mekeÌle leekeÀero osCes Gllej: De. ieewjJe JeeìCes – DeefYeceeve JeeìCes. JeekeÌ³e: mewv³eele Demeleevee efceUeuesues Jeerj®e¬eÀ efcejJeC³eele cespej

jeJeleWvee ieewjJe Jeeìs. ye. Gmeble ve ueeYeCes – ceeskeÀUe JesU ve efceUCes. JeekeÌ³e: MeeUe megª Peeu³eeHeemetve jeIeJeuee KesUemeeþer Gmeble®e

ueeYele veJnleer. keÀ. mekeÌle leekeÀero osCes – yepeeJetve meebieCes. JeekeÌ³e: Heesefuemeebveer ®eesjebvee ieeJee®³ee yeepetuee efHeÀjkeÀe³e®esner veener

DeMeer mekeÌle leekeÀero efoueer. ii. KeeueerueHewkeÀer keÀesCel³eener oesve JeekedÀÒe®eejeb®ee DeLe& meebietve

JeekeÌ³eele GHe³eesie keÀje. De. Jep³e& keÀjCes ye. KetCeieeþ yeebOeCes keÀ. Deevebo ieieveele ve ceeJeCes Gllej: De. Jep³e& keÀjCe s – l³eeie keÀjCes, JeieUtve ìekeÀCes. JeekeÌ³e: efJeueemejeJeebvee HeL³e cnCetve Yeele Jep³e& keÀjeJee ueeieuee. ye. KetCeieeþ yeebOeCes – ceveeMeer efveeqM®ele keÀjCes. JeekeÌ³e: Menjele cesnveleerJee®etve He³ee&³e veener ³ee®eer Deefceleves KetCeieeþ

yeebOeueer. keÀ. Deevebo ieieveele ve ceeJeCes – KetHe Deevebo nesCes. JeekeÌ³e: jceeuee meceesj Heenlee®e DeeF&®ee Deevebo ieieveele ceeJesveemee

Peeuee.

efJeYeeie 4 - Yee<eeY³eeme

J³eekeÀjCe IeìkeÀebJej DeeOeeefjle ke=Àleer Òe.4.De.

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Òe.5. De. Keeueerue ke=Àleer mees[Jee. iegCe (06) ke=À 1. He$euesKeve: Keeueerue efveJesove Jee®ee Je ke=Àleer mees[Jee.

Gllej: 1. efJevebleer He$e – (DeewHe®eeefjkeÀ) efoveebkeÀ: 1 HesÀye´gJeejer 2021 Òeefle, ceeveveer³e Þeer. jcesMe Heeìerue Dee³eespekeÀ- meguesKeve keÀe³e&MeeUe, De#ej HegmlekeÀeue³e, jepeeHesþ, DecejeJeleer xxxxxx

efJe<e³e: `cejeþer Yee<ee mebJeOe&ve HebOejJe[e Debleie&le nesCeeN³ee meguesKeve keÀe³e&MeeUsle ÒeJesMe efceUC³eeyeeyele.' ceeveveer³e ceneso³e,

ceer efkeÀjCekegÀceej yesuemejs, jceeF& efJeoîeeue³eeleerue F³ellee oneJeer®ee efJeoîeeLeea Demetve MeeUs®ee efJeoîeeLeea ÒeefleefveOeer ³ee veel³eeves DeeHeCeebme ns He$e efuenerle Deens. ceer DeeefCe ceeP³ee Jeiee&leerue keÀener efJeoîeeLeeaefce$e De#ej HegmlekeÀeue³e, jepeeHesþ, DecejeJeleer Dee³eesefpele `cejeþer Yee<ee mebJeOe&ve HebOejJe[e' Debleie&le nesCeeN³ee meguesKeve keÀe³e&MeeUsle menYeeieer nesC³eeme F®ígkeÀ Deenesle. ceeie®³ee megìdìerle DeeHeu³ee HegmlekeÀeue³eeceeHe&Àle ÒekeÀeefMele `meguesKeve – SkeÀ keÀuee' ns HegmlekeÀ Deece®³ee Jee®eveele Deeues nesles. l³eeleerue yeejkeÀeJes Jee®etve Deecner Òesefjle Peeuees Deenesle.

efkeÀjCe/efkeÀjCekegÀceej yesuemejs

efJeoîeeLeea ÒeefleefveOeer ³ee veel³eeves

efkebÀJee MeeUsleerue Jeie& 10 Jeer ®³ee

efJeoîeeL³ee¥vee menYeeieer keÀªve IesC³eemeeþer keÀe³e&MeeUe Dee³eespekeÀebvee

efJevebleer keÀjCeejs He$e efuene.

meguesKeve keÀe³e&MeeUsle legce®³ee Jeie& efce$e/cewef$eCeerves efJeMes<e ÒeeefJeC³e

efceUJeues. l³eeyeodoue l³ee®es/efle®es DeefYevebove keÀjCeejs He$e efuene.

Dee³eesefpele ’cejeþer Yee<ee mebJeOe&ve HebOejJe[e“

Debleie&le ’meguesKeve keÀe³e&MeeUe“

megJeCe& mebOeer ! megJeCe& mebOeer

efo.12/02/2021 les 27/02/2021 JesU – mekeÀeUer 11 les og. 2 He³e¥le.

mLeU – meble %eevesMJej meYeeie=n, DecejeJeleer

De#ej HegmlekeÀeue³e, jepeeHesþ, DecejeJeleer


He$euesKeve Òe. 5. De

efJeYeeie 5 - GHe³eesefpele uesKeve

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64

`megboj De#ej ne®e Keje oeefievee' Demes cnìues peeles. Deecnebueener Deece®es De#ej megboj, veerìvesìkesÀ Je JeUCeoej keÀjC³ee®eer F®íe Deens, cnCetve 12 HesÀye´gJeejer les 27 HesÀye´gJeejer ³ee keÀeueeJeOeerle ®eeueCeeN³ee DeeHeu³ee meguesKeve keÀe³e&MeeUsle Deecnebuee menYeeieer Jne³e®es Deens. ceeP³ee Jeiee&leerue ceeP³eemen SketÀCe Jeerme efJeoîeeL³ee¥®eer ³eele menYeeieer nesC³ee®eer F®íe Deens.

ceeP³ee MeeUs®ee efJeoîeeLeea ÒeefleefveOeer cnCetve ceer DeeHeCeebme efJevebleer keÀjlees, keÀer ceeP³ee Jeiee&leerue 20 efJeoîeeL³ee¥vee ³ee meguesKeve keÀe³e&MeeUsle menYeeieer keÀªve I³eeJes.

keÀUeJes, DeeHeuee efJeMJeemet, efkeÀjCekegÀceej yesuemejs efJeoîeeLeea ÒeefleefveOeer,

jceeF& efJeoîeeue³e, þeketÀjveiej, jepeeHesþ, DecejeJeleer xxxxxx

[email protected]

efkebÀJee 2. DeefYevebove He$e – (DeveewHe®eeefjkeÀ) efoveebkeÀ: 28 HesÀye´gJeejer 2021 efÒe³e efJeMJeeme, meÒesce vecemkeÀej. efJeMJeeme meJe&ÒeLece legPes ceveeHeemetve DeefYevebove! De#ej HegmlekeÀeue³e Dee³eesefpele meguesKeve keÀe³e&MeeUsle MesJeì®³ee efoJeMeer Peeuesu³ee keÀewMeu³e ®ee®eCeerle let ÒeLece ¬eÀceebkeÀeves GlleerCe&

Peeueeme l³eeyeodoue legPes KetHe KetHe DeefYevebove! De#ej HegmlekeÀeue³eeceeHe&Àle jeyeJeues peeCeejs meJe&®e GHe¬eÀce mlegl³e Demeleele. SkeÀ DeY³eemeHetCe& Dee³eespeve keÀjCeejer mebmLee cnCetve leer

meJe&Heefjef®ele Deens. DeMee mebmLes®³ee keÀe³e&MeeUsle menYeeieer nesCes ner Kejb®e Yeei³ee®eer iees<ì Deens. ueneveHeCeeHeemetve Heenlees³e ceer, legPes De#ej cnCepes ceesleer. ns De#ej DeeCeKeer megboj, jsKeerJe DeeefCe megyekeÀ yeveJeC³eekeÀjlee ³ee meguesKeve

Jeiee&®ee leguee efveeqM®ele®e HeÀe³eoe Peeuee Demesue. legP³ee ³ee ÒeJeemeemeeþer KetHe KetHe MegYes®íe. meguesKeve #es$eele legPes veeJe GppJeue keÀjMeerue ³ee®eer Kee$eer Deens ceuee. Hegvne SkeÀoe legPes

DeefYevebove! legPee efce$e, efkeÀjCekegÀceej yesuemejs 203, Jeemlet efJeþdþue, þeketÀjveiej, jepeeHesþ,

DecejeJeleer, xxxxxx [email protected]

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ceuee lej Demes Jeeìle nesles, keÀer efkeÀleer meesHeb Deens, ®ene yeveJeCeb. ®ene yeveJeC³ee®ee Deevebo HeÀej®e JesieUe neslee. l³eele DeeF&®eb [eskebÀ ogKeleb³e cnCetve ceer mJele: efleuee ®ene yeveJetve osle neslees, ³ee®es SkeÀ efJeue#eCe meceeOeeve Jeeìle nesleb. ®eneuee ®eebieuee®e GkeÀU Deeuee. ®ene le³eej Peeuee ns ceeP³ee ue#eele Deeues. DeeF& MeebleHeCes He[tve nesleer.

®ene osC³eemeeþer ceer keÀHe yeensj keÀe{ues. efÖeÀpeceOetve keÀe{uesues otOe iejce keÀjle þsJeues. ie@me yebo kesÀuee. oesvner keÀHeebceO³es otOe Deesletve ieeUCeerves l³eeJej ®ene ieeUtve Iesleuee.

oesve neleebceO³es oesve keÀHe IesTve ceer efJepe³eer JeerjemeejKee DeeF&uee ®ene IesTve Deeuees.

iejceeiejce, JeeHeÀeUuesuee ®ene. ceePee Heefnuee HeoeLe& DeeefCe ceer Heefnuee®e HeoeLe& Glke=À<ì yeveJeuee cnCetve DeeF&keÀ[tve MeeyeemekeÀer efceUCeej. meejs keÀewlegkeÀ keÀjCeej. DeeF&uee ®ene®ee keÀHe efouee DeeefCe mJele:®es keÀewlegkeÀ SskeÀC³eemeeþer leer keÀOeer SkeÀoe ®ene®ee Ieesì Iesles ns yeIele yemeuees.

DeeF&ves ®ene®ee Ieesì Iesleuee DeeefCe leeW[ Jes[sJeekeÀ[s keÀjle leer yesefmevekeÀ[s HeUeueer. ceuee mecepesvee. keÀe³e Peeues? ceuee ceeP³ee neleeleerue ®ene efHeC³ee®ee Oeerj nesle veJnlee. ceer DeeF&uee efJe®eejues, ’DeeF&, keÀe³e Peeues ieb? ®ene keÀ[t Peeuee keÀe? meeKej keÀceer He[ueer keÀe?“ DeeF& yeensj Deeueer leer peesjpeesjeves nmeleb®e DeeefCe cnCeeueer, ’Dejs JeWOeUîee, meeKej He[ueer®e kegÀþs ®enele.“ ceer cnCeeuees, ’Deieb DeeF&, ceer ìekeÀueer vee. ®eebieueer oesve ®ece®es ìekeÀueer.“ ³eeJej nmetve DeeF& cnCeeueer, ’peje mJe³ebHeekeÀIejele peeTve yeIe. let meeKejsSsJepeer ceerþ Ieeleuebme ®eneceO³es.“

ceePeer ®eebieueer®e HeÀefpeleer Peeueer nesleer. ceesþîee Glmeene®³ee Yejele meeKejs®³ee [y³eeSsJepeer efceþe®ee [yee GIe[tve oesve ®ece®es ceerþ ceer ®enele Ieeleues nesles. ceie cee$e nmetve nmetve Deece®eer HegjsJeeì Peeueer; HeCe ceer yeveJeuesuee Heefnuee HeoeLe& keÀe³ece ceeP³ee DeeþJeCeerle jeefnuee.

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100

Q.1. (A) Choose the correct option from the given

options and complete the sentences. 1. It may be said that, _______ was the founder of

modern historiography. (A) Voltaire (B) René Descartes (C) Leopold Ranké (D) Karl Marx 2. _______ wrote the book entitled ‘Archaeology

of Knowledge’. (A) Karl Marx (B) Michel Foucault (C) Lucien Febvre (D) Voltaire 3. 'Dialectics’ method was explained by _______ . (A) Voltaire (B) Hegel (C) Leopold Ranké (D) Karl Marx 4. At the onset of the twentieth century _______

school of historiography in France, gave a new direction to history writing.

(A) Annales School (B) Marxist (C) Dialectics (D) Feminist 5. _______ explained the class theory. (A) Karl Marx (B) Michel Foucault (C) Lucien Febvre (D) Voltaire Answres: 1. (A) 2. (B) 3. (B) 4. (A) 5. (A) (B) Identify the wrong pair in the following and

rewrite. 1. i. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel - ‘Reason

in History’ ii. Leopold von Ranké - ‘The theory and

Practice of History’ iii. Herodotus - ‘The Histories’ iv. Karl Marx - ‘Discourse on the Method’ 2. i. René Descartes - The founder of modern

historiography ii. Karl Marx - Class Theory iii. Michel Foucault - Archaeology of

Knowledge iv. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel –

Dialectics 3. i. The physical and natural sciences – an

empirical method ii. Modern Historiography –a scientific

method iii. Gottingen University - an independent

department of history iv. Annales School - British historians

Answres: 1. Wrong pair: Karl Marx - ‘Discourse on the

Method’ Corrected pair: Karl Marx - ‘Das Kapital’ 2. Wrong pair: René Descartes - The founder of

modern historiography Corrected pair: René Descartes - Discourse on

the method 3. Wrong pair: Annales School - British

historians Corrected pair: Annales School – French

historians [Note: Students are expected to write only wrong pair in exam.] Q. 2. (A) Do as instructed. 1. Complete the following concept map. Ans: i. Manuscriptology ii. Archaeology iii. Analysis of lettering style iv. Linguistics v. Numismatics vi. Epigraphy vii. Archival Science viii. Genealogy [Note: Students are expected to write the names of any four disciplines.] 2. Complete the following concept map. Ans: i. Voltaire ii. Michel Foucault iii. Leopold von Ranké iv. René Descartes v. Simone de Beauvoir vi. Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel vii. Karl Marx [Note: Students are expected to write the names of any four scholars.]

Various Disciplinesuseful in Historical

Research

i. ii.

iii.iv.

Notable Scholars in Europe

i.

iv. iii.

ii.

Historiography : Development in the West 01History & Political Science

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History and Political Science

Savitribai Phule, Maharshee Dhondo Keshav Karve, Pandita Ramabai and Ramabai Ranade.

[Students can write any two examples of reformers.]

iv. They also made possible several reforms like widow remarriage, women education and right to vote to women.

4. What is a movement? Ans: i. A movement is a collective action which

involves active participation of people. It is generally formed when people come together in interest of a particular social issue for e.g. pollution.

ii. Every movement has a particular social objective or a focused problem. For e.g. Movement against corruption will have the objective to end corruption.

iii. Every movement requires a good leader. A good leadership keeps the movement active, makes it more effective and decides the objective of the movement, programme of action, strategy of agitation, etc.

iv. There are one or more organisations associated with every movement in order to follow up on issues. For e.g. the farmers’ movement has the farmers’ organisation.

v. Since a movement is a collective action, it requires public support. It is essential that the public must feel connected to the issue that is being focused by the movement.

vi. Every movement has a programme of action which helps them to shape public opinion.

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142 142

1. Amazon basin is mainly __________.(A) characterized by draughts(B) filled by swamps s(C) covered by dense forests(D) fertile

2. One of the following is not useful for field visit:(A) notebook (B) camera(C) map (D) ranging rod

3. The economy of Brazil is mainly dependent on________ occupation.(A) quaternary (B) secondary(C) primary (D) tertiary

4. In the north most region of India _________forests are found.(A) thorny (B) deciduous(C) Himalayan (D) evergreen

5. Brazil is famous for _________ dance.(A) Samba (B) Bihu(C) Bhangra (D) Bharatnatyam

6. India ranks _________ in population in theworld.(A) first (B) fifth(C) seventh (D) second

7. Amazon is a large river in the world. Near itsmouth _________.(A) deltaic regions are found(B) no deltas are found(C) deposition of sediments occurs(D) fishing is done

8. In India, sparse network of railway is found in_________.(A) Uttar Pradesh (B) Maharashtra(C) Tamilnadu (D) Rajasthan

9. These two countries in South America do notshare their border with Brazil.(A) Chile-Equador(B) Argentina-Bolivia(C) Columbia-French Guyana(D) Surinam-Uruguay

10. Both the countries have __________ type ofgovernment.(A) military (B) communist(C) republic (D) presidential

11. India’s southern most point is known as__________.(A) Lakshadweep (B) Kanyakumari(C) Indira Point (D) Port Blair

12. Rain forests of Brazil are known as _________.(A) Mediterranean forests(B) Lungs of the world(C) World coffee pot(D) Roca

13. The economy of Brazil and India is of_________ type.(A) backward(B) highly developed(C) developing(D) developed

14. Number of females _________ males in aregion is known as sex ratio.(A) percent (B) per lakh(C) per thousand (D) per million

15. Maximum part of Brazil is occupied by ______.(A) highland (B) plain(C) mountain (D) dissected hills

16. Like India, Brazil also has _________.(A) huge mountains(B) ancient plateaus(C) west flowing rivers(D) snow covered mountains

17. Amazon basin is mainly _________.(A) drought prone(B) swampy(C) unfavorable for human settlements(D) fertile

18. Lakshadweep islands in Arabian sea are ______.(A) dissected islands(B) coral islands(C) volcanic islands(D) continental islands

19. At the foot hills of Aravali _________ is found.(A) Bundelkhand plateau(B) Mewar plateau(C) Malwa plateau(D) Deccan plateau

20. The concentration of settlements is related towhich of the following major factors?(A) proximity to coast(B) in plains(C) availability of water(D) climate

21. Where do you find dispersed settlements in India?(A) near the rivers(B) near the transport routes(C) hilly areas(D) industrial regions

Choose the correct option and complete the sentenceQ.1. Geography

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