ISLAMIC PERSIAN (These figures work for several other armies including : Georgian , Seljuq Turk , Saracens, Khwarismian , Mongol , Mamluk , Ilkhanid , Timarud & Ottoman Turk - please recognize not every figure will work for every army .)

CAVALRY WITH BOW AND SHIELD (For heavy cavalry use unarmoured horses. To convert to extra heavy cavalry , use H40 [Lamellar] or H41 [Quilted]) .

A 1 WP Firing (Mail) A 3WP Lance (Mail with Plates) A 4WP Throwing Jav (Laminated

A 6WP A 9WP C 10WP A 1WO

Corselet) Lance or Jav (Quilted Jacket) Dismounted Throwing Jav Dismounted Cav or Foot Officer General

CAVALRY WITH BOW WITHOUT SHIELD A 2WP Firing (Padded Coat) A 5WP Lance or Jav (Studded

Brigandine) A 16WO With Spear

Please not 5WP and 6WP can be used as Standard Bearers.

ALLIES A 2WX A 6WO A 7WO A 4WO A 10WO A 11WO A 4WX A 5WX A 8WP

Tarter Horse Archer (Firing) Horse Archer with J.L.S. Horse Archer (Firing) Horse ARcher (J.L.S. SH) Levy Archer Firing Levy Archer Advancing Levy Handgunner Levy Crossbowman Afgan Mercenary (JLS, SH)

CARTHAGINIAN D 1 WC Mounted General A 2WC Spanish cavalry A 3WC Gallic cavalry A 4WC Poeni citizen med. in!. A 5'V'VC Poeni citizen heavy in!. A 6WC Libyan medium spearman A 7WC Libyan heavy spearman A 8WC Standard bearer A 9WC Spanish scutarii A 10WC Spanish caetrati A 11WC Spanish caetrati A 12WC Baleric slinger A 13WC Celtiberian

25 MM NEW

OTTOMAN TURK A 1WO A 3WO A 4WO A 7WO C 8WO C 8AWO A 1WX A 2WX A 3WX A 12WO A 13WO A 14WO A 15WO A 16WO A 9WP A 10WO A 11WO

Sipahis of the Porte (H40-41) Gahzis L.B. SH Feudal Sipahis Akinjis Horse Archer (Firing) Mounted Drummer Mounted Trumpeter Turcoman LC JLS B Tartar Horse Archer Serbian Delis L.C. Janissary Archers Janissary Crossbowman Janissary Handgunners Janissary Spearman Janissary Heavy Spearman Janissary Heavy Archer LevendatiAzab Archer LevendatiAzab Javelinman

ADDITIONS FOR RENAISSANCE PERIOD A 6WO Feudal Siphas/Jebeli LC JLS B A 5WX Azab Arquebus A 11AWO Azab Halberdier A 5WO Feudal Spahis (HCM) A 4WX Azab Handgunner A 15AWO Janissary Halberdier A 16AWO Late Janissary Heavy

A 2WO A 18WO A 17WO A 3WX A 19WO A 20WO

Halberdier Sipahis of the Porte (2 Pistols) Janissary Arquebus Janissary Musket Dellis Sarika-Arquebus Arnaut/Martheloses Musketeer

EARLY & MIDDLE IMPERIAL ROMAN D 1WR Mounted General (H42)

LEGIONARIES A 2WR 1st Century A 3WR 2nd Century or Praetorian A 4WR Extra Heavy A 5WR 2nd Century A 6WR Late 2nd - Early 3rd Century

AUXILIA A 7WR A 8WR A 9WR A 10WF A 11WR A 12WR

1 st-2nd Century 1 st-2nd Century Gaesum Armed 2nd Early 3rd Century Eastern Archer Western Archer

CAV ALRY (Use H42) A 13WR Praetorian or Singulares A 14WR Eduites - JLS. SH . C 15WR Mounted Officer A 9AR Cataphract (H16) A 12AR Light Cav - JLS. SH.

FOOT COMMAND C 16WR Officer 1st - 2nd Century C 17WR Officer 2nd - 3rd Century C 18WR Aquilifer 1 st - 2nd Century C 19WR Legionary Signifer 1 st - 2nd

Century (Lion Skin) C 20WR Auxilia Signifer (Bear Skin) C 21 WR Musician

ALLIES (More to Come) A Cataphract (H16) A 7WO Eastern Horse Archer A 10WO Eastern Archer A 11WO Eastern Archer/Slinger A 22WR Western Slinger/Javelinman

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BACTRIAN GREEK (ALL PRICE CODE A)

WB1 Bodyguard Heavy Cavalry WB2 Bact rian heavy Cavalry WB2a Bactrian E.M.C. WB3 Light Cav JLS . Bow WB4 Pikeman WB5 Peltast WB6 Hillman JLS.Sh . WB7 Saka Noble Cavalry (early) WB8 Saka Noble Cavalary (later) WB9 Skythian/Saka Light Cav. For Indians, Cyetani etc . see M&P listings .

NUMIDIAN (ALL PRICE CODE A)

WN1 Archer WN2 Bodyguard Cavalry WN3 Javelin man WN4 Numidian L.C. WN5 Slinger WN6 LMI Javelin man

LATE MEDIEVAL EARLY REN· AISSANCE (PRICE CODE A EXCEPT AS NOTED)

WM1 Gendarme Shk. WM2 Gendarme Shk . WM3 Gendarme Shk. WM4 General WM5 H. C. Cousti lier etc . MW6 Shk (Italian Plate) WM7 Shk (Italian Plate) WM8 Mounted Cross Bow WM9 Pikeman WM 1 0 Crossbowman WM11 Hand gunner WM12 English/Picard Archer WM13 Pikeman (Low Countries) WM14 Mounted Archer WM15 Archer

EGYPTIANS:

Spearman Light archer Medium archer Slinger/light javel inman Trumpeter Drummer Standard bearer

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The Best 151n1n Arnties And Starter Sets •••••••••••••••••••••••••

Essex ARMIES ($47 .99) have 22 packs (about 160 pieces) and total 1000-2000 pOints . Starter Sets ($18.99) contain 8 packs givi ng a wide sample of troop types, a pair of average dice and a D6. They both contain a painting guide and where possible units conta in mixed poses . When ordering please use the foll ow­ing #'s and spec ify " army" or "sta rter se t. "

ANCIENT: 1 Viking 2 Norman 3 Dacian 4 Sassanid 5 Frankish 6 Palmyran 7 Late Roman 8 Breton 9 Lombard 10 Saxon 11 Anglo Danish 12 Anglo Norman 13 Roman British 14 Camilian Roman 21 Early German 22 Byzantine 47 Ancient British 48 Ancient Gallic 59 Vandal 60 Span. Visigoth 61 Ita. Ostrogoth 63 Republican Roman 64 Roman Civil Wars 73 Welsh 74 Inca 75 Thraician 76 Alex . Macedonian 77 Alex . Imperial 78 Lysimachid 79 Mac . Early Succ . 80 Late Hoplite Greek 81 Hoplite Greek 82 Indian 83 Asiatic Early Succ. 85 Galatian 86 Pyrrhic 87 E. Ach . Persian 88 L. Ach . Persian 89 Bactrian 90 Arab Conq. 91 Arab Empire 92 Carthaginian 93 Seleucid 46 15th C. Ott. Turk

AMERICAN CIVIL WAR: ~ 200 Union ~ 201 Confederate 202 Union· Inf. supp/. 203 Union - Cav . suppl. 204 Confed . - Inf. suppl. 205 Confed.· Cav. suppl.

RENAISSANCE: Spanishlltalian Wars Florentine 16th C. Milanese 16th C. Frenchlltalian Wars Teut. Knights Scots 16th C. Irish 16th C. French 1660 Swish 1500-1550 Venetian 16th C. English Renaissance Scots Ren . Irish Ren . Swedish Ren .

ENGLISH CIVIL WAR: 39 Royalist 40 Early ParI. 41 New Model 42 Scots Coven. 43 Montrose 49 Irish Catholic

COLONIALS 197 Mahdists (Sudan) 196 British 198 Early Egyptian (Sudan) 199 British/Egyptian (Sudan)

15 17 19 44 45 52 53 54 56 16 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 35a 36 37 38 46 46a 46b 49 55 58 66

Wars of Religion - Catholic Huguenot

100 Zulu 101 British (Zu lu Wars)

Late Spanish Hungarian Ren . Muscovite Ren. Cossack Ren . Persian Ren . Moghul Indian North Indian 17th C. French Late Polish Imperialist (30 Y.w.) 15th C. Ott . Turk 16th C. Ott. Turk 17th C. Ott. Turk Irish Catholic 1640's Austrian Hapsburg Landsknecht 16th/17th C. Dutch

SEVEN YEARS WAR : 501 Austrian 502 Prussian 503 French 504 British

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$3.99 MEPA91 Elephant (three archers) $3 .99 MPA92 Arab archers MPA93 Cyrtil slingers MPA94 Arab camel archers (3 per

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FROM 1211187 ALL ESSEX F/GURE PACKS ARE $2,33 UNLESS NOTED

THE ZULU WARS ZULUS: The warriors in this range have dif­ferent poses with in each code number, to give var iety to each Zu lu reg iment. They are in fighting dress (loin cloth and not much else) feathers and other regalia being reserved for ce remonials!

OC48 OC49 OC50

Married warrior attacking Unmarried warr ior attacking Married war rior thrusting and throwing

OC51 Unmarried warrior wielding knobkerrie

OC52 Riflemen OC53 Command pack: Chieitains in

full regalia BRITISH (Zulu Wars) OC54 British infant ryman at the

ready OC55 OC56 OC57

British infantryman loading British infantryman firing Foot command : 2 Buglers, 2 St. bearers, 2 Officers

OC58 Command pack: Mtd. Brit. Off.

OC59 OC60 OC61 OC62

OC63 OC64 OC65

Staff Off. Lancers Command pack : Lancer Off. Dragoon guards Command pack : Dragoon guards Officers Command pack: Artillerymen Frontier light horse trooper Dismounted fron tier light horse trooper

OC66 Natal Mounted Police OC67 Dismounted Natal Mtd . Police EQUIPMENT: OCE7 6 Draught Oxen OCE8 Maxim gun on carriage with

crew OCE9 2 Maxim guns on tripods with

c rew OCE 10 Canopy for wagon OCE2/2a OCE11 Krupps breech loading cannon OCE12 Limber, 4 horses and two

Brit ish riders $3.99

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« RJ~ 'lrbr

]~·l)uM~·r NORTH AMERICA'S FOREMOST MINIATURE GAMING MAGAZINE

ARTICLES

THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS 1744-1766 W ILLIAM PROTZ introduces the new theme year ... •.. .. .... ... . .. ..•• .... . ....... . ...••• • ... . .. . ...••.. .. .. • •••.........•..... . • ... .... . 5

BRADDOCK'S DEFEAT - JULY 9,1755 DAVE PARKER describes this famous F & I War Batt le as a warga me ... . • •• •.. . . . ... .... .. • • • ... . ....... .. ..... . .... ........ . ....... . ... . ... 15

AD GALLI A - AN ANCIENTS VARIANT FOR ON TO RICHMOND PAUL KOCH and ROGER WELLS and a playable set of Ancient rul es at last ....... ........• • .... ........ •.. •• • •..•••••. ........ • .. . . . •.. .. ... 25

EVALUATING THE FRENCH ARMY 1792-1815 GEORGE NAFZIGER rates each troop type as they varied over the years .. .. . . .... .. ....... .... . .. .. . .. .•.•... . . ..... • • . ..... ..•. ... . •...... 27

COMMAND DECISION ILLUMINATED FRANK CHADWICK with clarifications and more opt ional rul es .... . . .....••. . .. .. . ... . . . •• ........ .. .. .. ..••. . ....•• . ........ . .... ...•. .. 43

A NEW WRG APPROACH TO WARGAMING TANK WARFARE PHIL BARKER gives us a peek at WRG's new WWII and Modern rules . . ... .. .. .. .... .. . . ...•. . . .. .. . .. . . ........... . . ........ . .......• •. . .. 45

THE BATTLE OF COBB'S FARM PAUL KOCH and SAM GRIPPI with an ACW scenario for On to Richmond . . • • . .... . .......• • . . . . ................ ......•. . .. . ..... ...• .. ... 55

GARDE DU CORPS - A RULE REVIEW JIM BIRDSEYE reviews Rudy Nelson's rules with a play test ......... .. ....... ••........ ..... .• . . . . ..... ..... ......... . ..•.................. 57

THE VERY MODEL OF A MODERN MAJOR GENERAL HOWARD WHITEHOUSE: how to give a personali ty to you r Colonial officers . .. • . •. . ... .. ...... ... .............. . ........•...... . ... .. ••... 61

DEPARTMENTS

THE REVIEWING STAND by all the Period Editors ... ....... . . ............ ....••• ......... . . ...•.......................... . .. . ... . ...... .. 35

SAPPER'S REPORT Ladders for sk irmish games by Bob Willtrout . .. ....... . . . ..•• . ............. ... ......... . ............• . .... . .. .... . • •. . . 47

THE COURIER DISPATCH News of the Hobby ....... . ............ . .... . . ...•.. ......... . . ... .•............... . ...... •.... .. ...... •.. ... 49

D1S~ATCHES FROM THE FIELD Letters to (or at) the Editor ... ............. ..••..... ...........•.. . . . ..................• . .....•..... . •. . . . . 63

VOLLEY FIRE W hat you like (or hate) about THE COURIER ............. . ........... .... .... . ... . . ............ .... . .... .. .. ... ........ .. . .. 64

COVER: Braddock's Defeat by E.W Deming. Owned by the State Historical Society of Wisconsin and printed with their kind permission .

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~bt

~~uti-t:~ MANAGING EDITOR: Richard L. Bryant

BUSINESS MANAGER: Leo Cronin ART DIRECTOR: Joseph Miceli

ADVERTISING MANAGER: Tom Desmond THEME EDITOR: THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WARS

William Protz

CONTRIBUTING EDITORS William Abrams,: Jim Arnold; Ken Bunger; Robert Beattie; Lynn Bodin; Rodman Burr; Steve Carpenter; Pat Condray; Todd Fisher; Bill Greenwald; Jay Hadley; Ian Knight; Paul Koch; Doug Johnson; Robert Mosca; Nick Nascati; Kruse Smith; Walter Simon,

STAFF CARTOONISTS: Brian Lum Jose Niera

STAFF PHOTOGRAPHERS: Bill Greenwald Pat Condray

THE COURIER DISPATCH: Hal Thinglum

STAFF ILLUSTRATORS Alan Archambault, AI Karasa, Joe Matthews,

Larry Schuman, Terry Manton, Bill Greenwald

TYPESElTING: Steve Brown

PRINTING: Quantum Printing

THE COURIER PUBLISHING COMPANY, INC. Richard L. Bryant, President

DIRECTORS Richard Bryant, Leo Cronin, Joseph Miceli

THE COURIER is published approximately bi-monthly at Brockton, MA 02401 USA,

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BACK ISSUES Recent back issues are available for $4,00, USA; $4,50 Canada & Foreign surface; $5,50 Foreign airmail. See last page of issue for listing, Monies in US funds drawn on US banks or International Postal Money Order. Subscriptions start with NEXT published issue after receipl of payment.

No responsibility is assumed for statements offact or opinion made by the authors. No responsibility is assumed for unsolicited manuscripts, but all sub­missions are welcome, no query necessary, All sub­missions should contain a self-addressed STAMPED envelope large enough to return the submission,

This magazine and other publications of The Courier Publishing Company are sold with the understanding that every reasonabie attempt is made to deliver them safely through the mails. The Courier Publishing Company is not responsible for items lost in the mails. Replacements will be provided al their usual cost.

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Entire Contents Copyright ~ 1987 by The Courier Publishing Company, Inc,

VOL VIII, NO, 1

THE VANGUARD

EDITOR'S NOTES

Well here is the first issu e of the New Theme YeaL I think that you will all agree that Bill Protz is off to a fine begi nning and I assure you that the stable of VI<~iters he has lined up is mind boggling, Enjoyl

COMPUTER CRASH AT THE COURIER

The Courier experienced a catastmphic computer crash on its address list of su bscribers, I think that I was able to wholly reconstruct the list from the backup but it happened before I was able to back up some 200 renewals, So if you know of someone who did not get this issue, tell him to advise us as soon as possible, If he has not recently renewed, I will need an address lable from his most recent issue, if possible, It will show his e nding issue numbeLln the case of a recent renewal who is not getting his issue, I will need a xerox copy of the cancelled check with which he renewed, This is all to nip in the bud the many freeloaders who will try to take advantage of the situation for a free subscription, If your sub is not coming through and I don 't have you on the list YOU WILL HAVE TO PROVE that you belong there, FAIR WARNING,

SUBTLE TEST

Most of you caught on to the red herring we included in the last Volley Fire, We included a non-existing article to see if the voters were paying attention, 27(!) people were not paying attention and rated this non-existant article, Needless to say those rating sheets were not counted,

CONVENTION SEASON

Though there are conventions all yea r long, I think of the Historical Miniature convention season as starting with HMMC in late February and look forward to it after the long winter dry spell, This magazine has received some criticism of late about our promulgation of the Historical end of the hobby at the expense of FRP, especially when it comes to conventions,

There are many mixed conventions (those where historical, fantasy, science fiction, etc. , are gamed side-by-side) but only a few Historical only conventio ns, At the mixed conventions and especially to date at Origins, Historical gaming was given short shrift and was usually in the position of having fantasy or science fiction organizers decide on the histor ical events or refusing to understand that they had their own special needs for proper presentation,

More and more Historical gamers were staying away from these mixed conventions, The Courier and several other concerned historical gamers tried to stem the tide by the creation of HMGS and by helping the renaissance of the old-time Historical only Miniature convention,

When a convention is advertised as " not a cardboard cou nter or Ore in sight", it is not a slam at FRP gamers or boardgamers but advertisement to Historical gamers that it is the type of convention that they like to attend, They have been proving that by attending in ever-increasing numbers since HMGS sta rted , Note the increasing number of Historical only conventions now occurring as to what was true only four years ago,

I do not believe that any venture ca n do well by attempting to be all things to all people, The Courier tri es to be good at Historical miniatures; it would be lousy at FRP, Smaller conventions (under1000 attendees) should also try to specia lize more and thus bring the best to their clientele, Now many gamers like more than one aspect of the hobby, and more power to them, But they should plan to attend more than one convention as they should subscribe to more than one magazi ne, Or they should attend Origins, the o ne convention that, when properly run, is large enough to cater to all tastes,

4

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Militia are parading at a model of a British frontier stockade from the collection of Bill Protz. Miniatures are 30mm Willies and Staddens. The fort was scratch-built out of matchsticks by Hal Thinglum. Photo by Bill Kojis.

INTRODUCTION

The French and Indian wars is the theme topic for The Courier's Volume VIII. Though one could go back to the 1690s for early phases of this era, I have chosen the three military conflicts of the mid 18th Century as our basis of discussion because of common weapons, uniforms, circumstances, and leaders. The first war occurred between 1744 and 1748 and was known in North America as King George's War. In Europe it was called The War of Austrian Succession. A second conflict began in 1754 which ended in 1760. In the United States it is now commonly referred to as The French and Indian War while Canadians refer to it as The Seven Year's War in North America. (The Seven Years' War1756-1763 is the appellation for that part of the same war confined to Europe.) One could also call it The Great War fo r Empire. At the time, British Americans called it The Fre nch War. Finally, there was a third upheaval between 1763 and 1766 called Pontiac's Rebellion. Later articles will individually discuss these three wars. Meanwhile, the briefest outline of occurrences in each is appropriate at this time.

During King George's War 1744-1748, action ce ntered on military escapades in Nova Scotia and Isle Royale (Cape Breton Island in eastern Canada). In 1744 the French overwhelmed Canso. A year later a Yankee Army of ill-trained provincials seconded by a British fleet amazingly conquered the largest fortress in North America, Louisbourg. Meanwhile, the frontier was subjected to many a French-Indian raid.

The French and Indian War 1754-1760 was the busiest of the three wars and saw enormous numbers of combatants take up arms in the three theaters. At first the French were able to hold off the rising tide of British and American numbers by skillful maneuver and even win some meaningful vidories such as the battles of Fort Necessity in 1754, The Monongahela in 1755, Fort Bull and Oswego in 1756, Fort William Henry in 1757 and the Heights of Carillon in 1758. However, by the end of 1758 with the fall of Louisbourg and Forts Frontenac and Duquesne, it was clear that defeat was inevitable. In 1759 the British drive to the center of Canada was unstoppable as was proven by the fall of Quebec and Forts Carillon,

5

St. Frederic and Niagara. The loss of the latter severed the supply link to the Ohio causing disaster for French garrisons and interests there. In 1760 Montreal capitulated and with it ownership of New France passed to the British.

Pontiac's Rebellion 1763-1766 was borne out of Indian mistrust of the British and Americans, because the latter were expeded to never cease encroachment of I ndian land and because the I ndians had a hope that the French, whom they preferred, would return. An unusual Indian alliance was formed and many western frontier posts fell. The alarm was so great that the frontier was rolled back in a wave of panic and terror as settlers and frontiersmen fled to the coasts. However, the Indians eventually came to realize that the French were not returning and that the British and Americans were too powerful to be beaten. The war sputtered to an end once regulars assembled and marched to break I ndian power.

I n the course of Volume VIII , various articles will be presented to acquaint readers with events, tadies, uniforms, organization and wargame ideas relating to this era. A body of nearly two dozen enthusiasts (and more I hope) have volunteered to make written contributions. Additionally, on the retail scene there is an exciting new array of miniatures, buildings and warships available in a variety of scales. Though published rules specifically germane to the period are scarce, it is my hope that by the end of the theme year, many new and stimulating systems, plus campaign ideas, will make their debut.

THE HISTORICAL AND GEOGRAPHICAL SETTING

During the Eighteenth Century, France and Great Britain c<mtinued colonial development of the North American continent for economic purposes. According to Francis Parkman, " The French claimed all America, from the Alleghanies to the Rocky Mountains, and from Mexico and Florida to the North Pole, except only the ill-defined possessions of the English on the borders of Hudson Bay; and to these vast regions, with adjacent islands, they gave the general name of New France. They controlled the highways of the continent, for they held its two great rivers. First, they had seized the St. Lawrence, and then planted

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