Prepared By A.Prasad roshanprasadroshan1982@gmail.com

What is safety ?

Protecting your self and others Safety is the absence of injury, Procedures intended to prevent injury Freedom from danger, risk, or injury

Safety First, Last and Always

Clean work area Tools would be clean Proper tools for opening /closing All equipment safety guards installed Equipment and power tools properly

grounded

For All Job ,Safety First!

Safety awareness is important on the job to stay away you from hurting or killing someone else

Safety awareness

Safety awareness saves lives

0LOSS

FAILURE

DEFECT

DOUBT

ACCIDENT

BREAKDOWNSafety is no accident

What is an accident in industrial establishment ?

The FACTORIES ACT,1948, defines accident as, "an occurrence (act of something happening) in an industrial establishment causing bodily injury to a person which makes him unfit to resume his duties in the next 48 hours”

Falling Inhaling Electrical Contact Exposure to Heat or Cold Striking Against Getting Hit Getting Caught in Exposure to Fire Think Safety

OPERATING WITHOUT AUTHORITY FAILURE TO SECURE OR STORE MATERIALS PROPERLY FAILURE TO SIGNAL OR ADVISE OPERATING AT UNSAFE SPEEDS CAUGHT IN OR BETWEEN CONTACT WITH STRUCK BY FALL FROM OR ONTO SLIP OR TRIP WHAT IF?

9

Lack of training for personnel Hazardous arrangement of tools,

machines, equipment, supplies, etc. Improper illumination Unsafe ventilation

10

sources of MOTION sources of EXTREME temperatures types of chemical exposures sources of harmful dust sources of light radiation sources of falling objects sources of sharp objects sources or rolling or pinching objects layout of workplace and location of co

workers any electrical hazards

11

Equipment worn by an employee that is designed to prevent injury or illness from

a specific hazard.

It's better to correct an unsafe friend than to bury one

Eye protection comes in many forms, such as safety glasses, goggles, face shields, and welding protection.

Your supervisor will select the proper eye protection for the hazard, but the most important thing is for you to wear it when provided.

Don’t wear old or loose-fitting clothing that can get caught in moving machinery.

Wear serviceable leather top shoes. Athletic shoes don’t offer foot protection

Be aware that long hair and jewelry can get caught in moving machinery.

When handling rough or sharp parts, wear the proper gloves for your hands.

NeoprenePolyvinyl Alcohol(PVC)

Wire mesh

PolyvinylChloride (PVC)

NitrileNaturalRubber

LeatherKevlar WeldingCotton

Anti-vibration

Glove Uses

Cotton Light duty material handling and cleanup work

Leather Equipment handling, general construction, heavy cleanup, welding, moderately hot or cold material handling

Shock absorbing Operating rotary hammers and other vibrating equipment

Kevlar or Wire mesh Work with sheet metal, glass, or heavy cuttingThese gloves Do Not provide puncture protection

Rubber, nitrile, neoprene, PVC, PVA and other synthetics

Chemical gloves must be chosen for the specific chemical being used

Insulated Extreme high and low temperatures

Which Glove is Best?

Do not use a power tool until you understand it thoroughly and it has been demonstrated by the instructor.

Use guards on power tools Always keep fingers away from the moving

cutting edges Keep the floor around the work area clean

HAND OPERATED TOOLS

Tools must be guarded

When you gamble with safety you bet your life

When using screwdrivers, place the object on a flat surface or in a Don’t hold it in your hand!

Don’t use screwdrivers as chisels or pry bars Use the correct size driver for the screw Don’t use screwdrivers with chipped tips

Use safety knives whenever possible

Keep knife blades sharp Cut away from your body Do not use knife blades as

screwdrivers Avoid working on the same

object when a co-worker is using a knife

Safety Knives

Never use a hammer with a broken, cracked, or loose handle

Use the correct hammer for the job Don’t strike a hammer face with another hammer

Use moderate pressure on hack saws to prevent blade failure

Spray saw blades lightly with lubricant prior to use Keep blades sharp

When possible use a safety chisel Don’t use chisels with mushroomed heads Use the correct chisel for the job Don’t use chisels as lever open bars

Safety chisel

Use the correct sized wrench for the job Don’t use pliers with worn grooves Don’t use pliers over-tight bolts and nuts

Use high-temperature gloves to handle hot or cold parts and equipment

Never dispose of used razor blades, broken glass, or other

sharp objects in regular trash cans! Keep a metal canspecifically for disposal of sharp objects.

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Portable Tools

Disconnect power tools when not in use and before changing bits, blades, and other accessories

Wear anti-vibration gloves when using power tools that vibrate excessively

Never remove guards! Ground power tools unless double insulated Don’t wear gloves if they can get caught on rotating parts Secure work in a or on a bench - Don’t hold it in

your hand!

28

The spindle speed of the machine shall be checked before mounting of the wheel to be certain that it does not exceed the maximum operating speed marked on the wheel.

Max RPM

Unplug or Lockout tools before changing blades Keep tools sharp Never remove guards Use a drill press vise when drilling – Don’t hold

parts with your hands!

Drill press vise

30

Abrasive wheels shall be used only on machine provided with safety guards.

Portable abrasive wheels

Don’t wear gloves when operating bench grinders Never remove guards! Maintain proper clearances on tool rests and tongue guards Use vice grips when grinding small parts

Maintain tool restwithin

1/8” of the wheelMaintain tongue guard within

¼” of the wheel

Don’t use grinders on aluminum unless the wheel is specifically intended for use with aluminum!

Bench Grinders

Immediately before mounting, all wheels shall be closely inspected and sounded by the user

Ring test

Remove jewelry before using power tools or working on machines

No pain know safety

34

“FATAL FACT”Employee killed when struck in head by a nail fired from a powder actuated tool. Tool operator was attempting to anchor a plywood.

35

“FATAL FACT”Employees performing remodeling operations building a wall. Operator was attempting to anchor plywood to a 2”x 4” stud. The nail penetrated the stud and struck the victim. One worker killed when struck by a nail from a powder-actuated tool.

• Use tag lines• Wear leather gloves• Never place your hand on top of the load or between the load and a fixed object• Inspect hooks and chain slings before use

Don’t operate a machine until: Receiving proper instruction You fully understand how to use it You have permission Always wear eye protection Know and understand all the manufacturers’

safety rules

The best way to prevent back injuries is to develophabits that reduce the strain placed on the back. Thereare some basic things you can do to help.

Avoid Lifting and Bending Whenever You Can! Place objects up off the floor. If you can set Something down on a table or other elevated surface instead of on the floor, do it so you won'thave to reach down to pick it up again.

Raise / lower shelves. The best zone for lifting is between your shoulders and your waist. Put heavier objects on shelves at waist level, lighter objects onlower or higher shelves.

Take a balanced stance with your feet about a shoulder-width apart. one foot can be behind the object and the other next to it.

Squat down to lift the object, but keep your heels off the floor. Get as close to the object as you can. Keep your back straight.

Use your palms (not just your fingers) to get a secure grip on the load. Make sure you'll be able to maintain a hold on the object without switching your grip later.

Lift gradually (without jerking) using your leg, abdominal and buttock muscles and keeping the load as close to you as possible. Keep your chin tucked in so as to keep a relatively straight back and neck line.

Once you're standing, change directions by pointing your feet in the direction you want to go and turning your whole body. Avoid twisting at your waist while carrying a load.

By following these lifting guidelines and by practicing good body/back management, you can prevent back injuries on the job and at home.

Don’t forget the most commoncauses of back injury

Bending Twisting Heavy Lifting

Stay safe, someone at home is waiting for you

SEMINAR

Confined Space EntryConfined Space EntryDefinitions:

The entrant is the person who enters a confined space.

The attendant is the person who stays with the entrantoutside the confined space, and is responsible for assistingthe entrant in exiting the confined space, and calling foremergency assistance when required.

The safety representative is the qualified person whoevaluates the hazards, prescribes required equipmentand precautions and issues the Confined Space Entry Permit.

CONFINED SPACE ENTRY - CONFINED SPACE ENTRY - HAZARDSHAZARDS

Both animal and plant liferequire oxygen to live. One of theprimary hazards of enteringconfined spaces is oxygendeficiency.

When oxygen is present inconcentrations less than 19.5%the atmosphere is said to beoxygen deficient.

O2

O2

CONFINED SPACE ENTRY - HAZARDSCONFINED SPACE ENTRY - HAZARDS

Oxygen in concentrationsgreater than 23% is toooxygen rich and can causecombustible materials to ignite very quickly.

CONFINED SPACE ENTRY - HAZARDSCONFINED SPACE ENTRY - HAZARDS

Oxygen deficiency can be caused by severalprocesses:

Consumption: oxygen is used up by the person who is in theconfined space and turned into carbondioxide.

Displacement: denser materials push the oxygen out ofthe occupied space.

Reaction: oxygen is reacted with other materialsto make other compounds.

CONFINED SPACE ENTRYCONFINED SPACE ENTRY

The entry of a confined space begins with aConfined Space Entry Permit.

Confined Space Entry Permit

Location and Description of Confined Space:

Reason for Entry:

Permit Issued to (Name of Company/Organization):

The permit system requiresthat a qualified safetyrepresentative visit thework location and evaluatethe conditions under whichentry will be made.

CONFINED SPACE ENTRYCONFINED SPACE ENTRYEach process hazard to whichthe entrant may be exposed,adjacent operations or processes,and scheduled activityare reviewed. For each hazardidentified, countermeasuresare detailed on the ConfinedSpace Entry Permit.

CONFINED SPACE CONFINED SPACE ENTRYENTRYThe safety representative

tests the space for hazardous concentrations of known harmful substances, such as hydrogen sulfide,carbon monoxide, and flammable liquid or gas.The concentrationof oxygen is measuredat the same time.

CONFINED SPACE ENTRY - CONFINED SPACE ENTRY - HAZARDSHAZARDS

If concentrations ofmaterials are found tobe at harmful levels,the confined spacemust be ventilated toremove them beforeentry.

??

????

Fresh Air

Fresh outsideair is blown intothe space to diluteand removecontaminants, andsupply oxygen.

O2 O2

O2

O2

CONFINED SPACE CONFINED SPACE ENTRYENTRYMeans of emergency rescue

must be readily available to the confined spaceentry attendant for emergency extrication ofentrants.

CONFINED SPACE ENTRYCONFINED SPACE ENTRY

A means must be providedfor both safe normal entryor exit , and emergencydisconnection. Tripods with hoist,lifeline, and full body harnessare often used for emergencyextrication. Ladders may beused for ordinary entry andexit.

o

Danger

Do not use!

CONFINED SPACE CONFINED SPACE ENTRYENTRY Confined Space Entry Permit

Requirements

Ground Fault Interruption yesno

Lockout of HazardousEnergy Sources yes no

Required countermeasures alsoinclude prevention of electricalshock hazards due to loss of earth ground for portable tools.GFCI’s are required for portableelectric tooling.

There may also be a need tolockout and tag equipment bothin the confined space and onadjacent equipment and processes.

CONFINED SPACE ENTRYCONFINED SPACE ENTRY

Entrants must leave theconfined space when themonitor alarm is activated.

It is the attendant’sresponsibility to see that the entrant leaves thespace during an alarm.

CO

CO2

O2

Entrants must constantly monitorthe confined space for toxic gases,oxygen, and combustible gases.Entrants will be issued a personalmonitor to wearfor thispurpose.

CONFINED SPACE CONFINED SPACE ENTRYENTRY The attendant should

attempt to remove theentrant from the confinedspace using tripods, hoist, andlifelines.

Attendants are NOT TO ENTER CONFINEDSPACES.

Only properly equippedand trained emergency rescuepersonnel may enter confinedspaces to make rescues.

CONFINED SPACE ENTRY - CONFINED SPACE ENTRY - SUMMARYSUMMARYConfined space entry hazards can include:

- the presence of toxic substances - insufficient oxygen, or too much oxygen - presence of combustible gases and liquids - process or equipment related hazards. - conditions changing from nonhazardous to hazardous.

Safety in welding

11 - 59

Should be worn Also behind hood to prevent severe arc

flash reaching eyes Can Absorb more than 99.9%

harmful ultraviolet rays Worn by others who work with

welders Light in weight, well ventilated, and

comfortable Lenses have light tint (Not dark!)

and tented side shields

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

© RobCrandall/The Image Works

11 - 60

Gloves to protect hands Made of leather or some other type of fire-resistant material

Leather capes, sleeves, shoulder garments with removable aprons

Split-type apron if sitting down No place to collect hot particles

High-top shoes Leggings and spats

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

Department of Labor

100% cotton or wool Thick enough to prevent

injurious ultraviolet rays from penetrating to skin

Long sleeves Shirts buttoned to neck Shirttails tucked pants long enough to cover

top of leather boots Miller Electric Mfg. Co.

Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

11 - 62Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display.

With out safety shoes , doing plasma cutting

Safety check list for welding1) Check that the power source functions correctly, 2) you are familiar with its operation.3) Ensure that gas cylinders are properly secured, 4). Acetylene and oxygen regulators shall be fitted with flashback arrestors.5) Protect cylinders against heat and mechanical damage.6)The valve opening of the acetylene cylinder shall point away from other compressed gas cylinders,7) Hoses shall be in good condition, without leaks or damage, and with correct color coding for the gas.8) Use correct hose connectors and hose clamps. 9) Pieces of pipe and twisted wire must never be used10) Keep your welding equipment well maintained. Never use defective welding cables.

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Inspection Frequent

Daily, monthly Hooks, rope, crane operation

Periodic At least annually Complete inspection - wear, damage,

deterioration, operation slings

Testing Records

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Contact with energized power lines (45% of accidents) De-energize overhead lines Maintain minimum distance

10 feet distance for 50 kv Over 50 kv, add 4 inches per 10 kv

Use proximity alarms Warn when energized line is near “No fatalities” in 25 years, according

to mfg. Warning signs

I-15 construction was a good example

Sigalarm®

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Proper outrigger use Level Fully extended Stable base

Use cribbing to distribute the load

68

Floor-mounted jib crane

Floor-mounted jib crane

Wall-mounted jib crane

The crane is the most common type of equipment which most often contacts overhead power lines.

When contact happens, the rigger or ground worker is most often electrocuted (90% of time)

EFCOG Electrical Improvement Project

Power hoist Usually electric

operated

Tower cranes

Practical Exercise

1. Tuck your thumbs into the palms of your hands

2. Now tie your shoes

It’s not so easy is it?

Hand injuries can be associated with working with machinery or equipment

The materials being used or the job process might be hazardous

Hand tools or powered hand tools may be faulty or improperly used

Stay safe, someone at home is waiting for you

The most common causes of hand injuries are: Carelessness Lack of awareness dullness pay no attention for safety procedures interruption

To avoid hand injuries: Know the hazards and dangers in the job to be done Be aware of pinch points Be aware of hot areas Be aware of rotating or moving surfaces Automated machinery may be controlled by remote

control, or delayed timing devices that cause the machine to start automatically

Loose clothing and jewelry may be caught up in moving machinery

Never remove machine safeguards or operate machinery with safeguards removed

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Rigging: The hardware and equipment used to safely attach a load to a lifting device

Wire rope

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Always use rigging to connect the load to the hook

Materials Wire rope Fabric Chain

Slings Straight (regular) Choker Basket Double, triple, etc.

Know the weight of the load Know the center of gravity of the load. Make load attachment above the center of gravity of the load. Know the rated capacity of slings and hardware.

Rules for Rigging Safety

Sl no DIAMETER OF SLIG in inch

SWL

1 ¼ 300kg

2 3/8 800kg

3 1/2 1.0ton

4 5/8 2.0ton

5 3/4 3.0ton

6 1 5.0ton

7 1 1/4 8.0ton

SWL of various diameter of slings

LOAD

LH

Load Number of legs) X (L H) = Load each sling leg

Load each sling leg

ExampleExampleLoad = 120,000 poundsLoad = 120,000 pounds4 load legs ÷ 120,000 equals 4 load legs ÷ 120,000 equals 30,000 pounds each leg if 30,000 pounds each leg if vertical hitchvertical hitchSling legs are 20 feetSling legs are 20 feetHeight from top of load to Height from top of load to lifting device is 15 feetlifting device is 15 feet20 ÷ 15 = 1.3320 ÷ 15 = 1.33Load on each leg is 1.33 x Load on each leg is 1.33 x 30,000 = 40,000 pounds30,000 = 40,000 pounds

20'15'

120,000 lb.

Center of GravityCenter of GravityA load is stable when:A load is stable when:– The hook is directly above the center of gravity of the The hook is directly above the center of gravity of the

loadload

Estimate the center of gravityEstimate the center of gravityLift the load just enough to clear the groundLift the load just enough to clear the groundIf the hook is not over the center of gravity the hook If the hook is not over the center of gravity the hook will travel to the center of gravitywill travel to the center of gravity

CG?

Hooks are designed to apply the load at the bottom of the

saddle.

LOAD

Shackles and hooks Manufacturers’ identificationNever weld on hooks or shacklesWorking safety latch on hooks

Recommended Not Recommended Recommended

Screw Pin Anchor ShackleRound Pin Anchor Shackle

Bolt Type Anchor Shackle

Never replace a shackle pin with a bolt.

The load will bend the bolt.

Bad Good

Avoid eccentric loads.

GoodBad

Proper chocking of shackles.

Check wear Check cracks, bending and twisting

Check wear and straightness

Pin always seated

Check opening width

Slips and falls injure more people than any other type of accident.

Pay attention to hazards such as wet or slippery floors and old carpet or tile.

Eliminate hazards when detected. Never run at work. Use only authorized walkways or passageway,

especially in warehouses or around machinery. Always hold onto the handrail when walking

up or down stairs. Use fall protection when working in an elevated

area.

Don’t take chances. If you can’t extinguish the fire safely, leave the fire fighting to the professionals.

Learn where fire extinguishers at your facility are located and make sure you know how to operate them. If time permits, extinguish the fire safely.

Know where emergency exists are located and make sure that they aren’t blocked.

In the event of a fire, personal safety is the greatest concern. Activate the nearest pull alarm to alert everyone else and notify your supervisor.

Never use electrical tools near water. Use Ground Fault Circuit Interrupters (GFCI)

around water source. Report damaged switches, plugs, cords,

receptacles, tools and other electrical hazards to your supervisor immediately.

05/21/99 7

Eliminate confusion Know proper work practices for chemical

materials you use Use unbreakable secondary containers Store chemicals properly Dispose of waste and excess chemicals in a

timely manner

Some can be seen Some can be smelled Some can be tasted Most can be felt (e.g. burning

sensation, choking) All can be detected by appropriate

instruments

DANGERTOXIC

CHEMICALS

Can not be seenCan not be smelledCan not be tastedCan not be felt

Can be rapidly detected by instruments!

05/21/99 28

Know the properties of all the hazardous materials you handle

Prevent spills If a potentially hazardous spill occurs, protect people first,

evacuate & ask for help Call Engineering for EMERGENCY spill/fire assistance Call Safety for information and non-emergency assistance You are responsible for reporting or cleaning up spills of

materials you use

Scrap lumber, waste material, and rubbishRemoved from the immediate work area as the work progresses.

Disposal of waste material or debris by burning

All solvent waste, oily rags, and flammable liquids Kept in fire resistant covered containers until removed from worksite

Disposal of waste materials

If you are injured on the job, you must report the injury to your supervisor immediately.

Even if you don’t need medical treatment, report all accidents, near misses and injuries to your supervisor when they occur.

Keep your work area clean & clear

Notify your inst. if anything breaks or malfunctions

Get first aid treatment for every injury

Be About Be About

job Safetyjob Safety

Smart

Thank you