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Figure 1.10 Working shoes

A.SAFETY AT WORKWork safety is an important issue anywhere you are: in a science

lab, in a workshop, in a computer lab, etc. When you are in a computer room, especially in a practice room, work safety is a must because there are a lot of instruments that might cause accidents.

On your left are the principles related to work safety, which are known as 6T. Those six words, all with the initial T, are the major causes of accidents during work.

Besides, there are 16 safety rules in workshops that can prevent accidents and 4 safety factors that must be obeyed when using computers. They are:

1. Don’t be too crowded when working.2. Make sure that the instruments are in good condition.3. Keep your hands off the blade when cutting things.4. Wear protective glasses.5. Wear head protector. 6. Wear ear protector. 7. Wear hand protector. 8. Wear protective clothes.9. Wear nose protector.10. Wear foot protector.

11. Be careful when working with a rotating machine.12. Clip the thing that is to be holed

or filed.13. Check the location of switches

or

Information and Communication TechnologyInternational Standard Junior High School

Figure 1.9 Work Safety Devices

Figure 1.11 Protective clothes

emergency buttons.14. Be careful when working with electric device.15. Keep the laboratory room clean.16. Pay attention to work safety signs.

There are many advantages that you can get from computers. However, not many people already realize that computers also cause problems. Some of them are related to health, such as diseases that are caused by the lengthy and continuous use of computers in wrong position.

There are 4 factors that influence the safety and comfort of working with computers: 1. Desk and chair

You will easily be tired if the table and chair you use are not ergonomically constructed. A good computer desk is one completed with foot rest and there is enough space under the desk for the feet to move freely. The height of a good computer desk is around 55 – 75 cm (adjusted to the size of the chair and the height of the operator).

A good chair is a chair that can follow the back of the user and its back rest and height can be esily adjusted. The height of the chair is adjusted so that the feet of the operator do not touch the floor when sitting on the chair. If so, the operator will be tired soon. Besides, a good computer operator chair is one completed with 5 legs and wheels, so that it does not easily fall and easy to move into any direction. This is important in order for the operator to move/stretch his body to reduce the level of tiredness.

Tiredness will be reduced if the desk and chair can be adjusted, so that when working, the angle between the hands and arms form an obtuse angle (more than 90 degrees), the feet can stay on the foot rest and they can move freely under the desk. Make sure that the chair used has adjustable back and arm. The back of the chair shall be hard enough, but covered with rubber.


2. Computer Devices This aspect is related to the ergonomic matters (human comfort),

especially in the suitable design, position, and body posture of each of computer device (monitor, keyboard, mouse, central processing unit/CPU, and printer).

a) Monitor Bright display color or a monitor will accelerate problems on eyes.

77% of monitor users experience some complaints concerning with their eyes, such as stiff and painful eyes, red eyes, succulent eyes, eyes irritation even cataract. Besides, the display of the monitor also causes radiation, either from the pictures or the letters, which is caused by the move of the electrons on the monitor’s surface coated with phosphorus.

To reduce the problems concerning with eyes because of the use of computer, some suggestions can be made.

1) Put the monitor so that there is no reflection of light from other sources like a lamp or a window that can cause glares (Figure 1.12). In order for our eyes to read comfortably, put the monitor lower than the horizontal line of our eyes, forming an angle of around 30 degrees (Figure 1.13).

Figure 1.12 A Wrong Position Figure 1.13 A Comfortable Position


2) Set a cool background color on the monitor, such as greyish white with contrasting color of letter. Avoid using very small letters (except it is a must). The font size that is considered normal is 12.

3) To avoid dry eyes, wink often and sometimes move the eyesight out of the room. If needed, rub the eyelid gently (give some light massage on the eyeball). Most people wink 18 times a minute. Most computer users do this only twice.

4) Check eyes routinely, at least once a year. Eat more food containing vitamin A such as carrots and bananas.

b) KeyboardThere is no research result that consistently states that a keyboard

labeled ’ergonomic design’ truly gives substantial benefit to our health and body comfort. For most people common keyboard design is enough if stored in the right position as shown in the following figures.

Figure 1.14 An Ideal Typing Position Figure 1.15 A Typing Position that Can Cause Injury

Some suggestions concerning with the use of keyboard are:1) Push the keys lightly when typing. There is no need to use much

energy for doing this.2) Make sure that your wrists are in a straight position. If they are

too often bended, an injury might happen.


3) Make sure that the elbows form a 900 angle or more. If less than that, there might be some pressures on the nerves or some stiffness on the wrists or fingers.

4) Try to make the shoulders stay relax with the elbows on the side. 5) Stay in the middle of the keyboard. If not, when pushing far

keys, more energy is needed.

c) Mouse An inappropriate use and a non-ergonomic design of a mouse can

cause a muscle injury. Nowadays, there are many mouses labeled ergonomic. Many of them are indeed useful, but inappropriate use (such as if the mouse is put too faraway) can erase its ergonomic advantages.

(a) (b)

There are some tips that can be helpful in preventing from muscle injury when using a mouse.

1) Mouse Grip – Hold and move the mouse in gentle and relax way. There is no need to push it hard.

2) Mouse from the Elbow – Use the elbow as the pivot point of using the mouse. Do not use the wrist.

3) Optimal Mouse position – There is always the best position for each kind of mouse.

4) Mouse shape – Choose a mouse design that is suitable with our hands and to reduce the pressure on the wrist.

5) Load sharing – If possible, maintain the balance of using the mouse between the left and right hand.


Figure 1.16 Mouse Position that is (a) Conventional dan (b) Ergonomic

d) Printer Printer can also cause tiredness because the noise produced when it

is working can affect human nerves. A bubble jet printer has lower noise level compared to dot matrix one. Nowadays, a laser printer is the one that has the lowest noise level. High noise level can lead to tiredness and body pain.

3. Work EnvironmentThe condition of the environment when you use a computer can

contribute to your comfort and health when working. These environmental conditions are such as:

a) LightThe light in the working room influences the burden on the eyes.

The reflection of light on the monitor screen from other sources such as a window and a lamp adds another burden. Choose neutral color of light and paint and other device that have low reflection. Avoid dark color for the ceilings.

b) Temperature and ventilationA comfortable temperature for users is one that is adjusted to the

computer effect on the computer. Computer components, especially the chip is very sensitive toward high temperature. The high temperature will damage the components, such as causing a broken circuit in the chip, which leads to a minor error called thermala wipeout.

A ventilation is needed to provide clean air circulation for the comfort of work. The position of the Air Conditioning (AC) shall be considered too. In offices usually the position of AC is permanent, so the computer desks should be arranged carefully.

c) NoisinessNoisiness can cause stress and pressures on the muscles that will

increase the risk of injury. The above limit of noisiness for working around 8 hours a day is 80 decibel. An ideal working room has around 40 – 50 decibel of noisiness. Besides a printer and a CPU, an AC is also a source of noise.


4. The UsersThis aspect includes the habit or behavior of users, which can

influence their health and safety.a) Working continuously

Sitting continuously in a long time in front of a computer increases the risks of getting back, shoulder, and neck injury. Therefore, a short break is needed, such as by standing for a moment and sit in front of the computer again. This will help blood circulation and freed the pressures on the lower part of the back. Do this more often when you have been in front of the monitor for an hour. You can move a bit on

the chair, do neck exercise by turning left and right or turning our head. This will help release the pressure of the upper parts of our body.

b) Wrong body posturePeople usually sit without uprighted back. This might cause back

injury. When working with a computer, our backbone shall be straight


Safety at WorkDiscuss and do the following exercises in groups. Write your ideas in your book.

Let’s look at a computer. Computer is usually used to replace typewriter in offices. However, almost every activity uses a computer. Discuss the following: 1. Write 5 functions of computer to help people work.2. Write the advantages or benefits of working with computer.3. Besides the benefits, does the technology of computer have any

weaknesses? Yes / No The technology of computer will not give the best advantages if ....

4. It is not enough to learn only one computer program since there are many of them and the technology is always improving. Write the computer programs you know and their functions.

TASK 4

Tugas 1Mengakatifkan komputer

and the hands are lower or at the same height as the elbows.


ATTENTION!!

TASK 5

5. What do you think about the picture below in relation to safety at work?

6. Discuss the meaning of the following signs. Where do you usually find them?

Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) 9 SMP Rintisan Sekolah Bertaraf Internasional (RSBI)

Dangerous Chemicals

Easily Burnt

Easily ExplodedPoisonous

Discuss in groups. What will you do if you see the following signs?1. Dangerous Chemicals2. High Voltage3. Easily Burnt4. Poisonous5. Easily Exploded

High Voltage

Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi (TIK) 10 SMP Rintisan Sekolah Bertaraf Internasional (RSBI)

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